Maternal sensitivity and child responsiveness: Associations with social context, maternal characteristics, and child characteristics in a multivariate analysis

Infancy

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 189-223

  Bornstein, Marc H ^a   Hendricks, Charlene ^a   Haynes, O Maurice ^a   Painter, Kathleen M ^a  

^a EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMPLOYMENT; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FATHER CHILD RELATION; FEMALE; GENDER; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; KNOWLEDGE; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MATERNAL ATTITUDE; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERSONALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIALIZATION; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 35348826123     PISSN: 15250008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00240.x     Document Type: Article

References (148)

1. Adolph, K. E., & Berger, S. E. (2005). Physical and motor development. In M. H. Bornstein & M. E. Lamb (Eds.), Developmental science: An advanced textbook (5th ed., pp. 223-281). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
2. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
3. Allison, P. D. (2001). Missing data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Baharudin, R., & Luster, T. (1998). Factors related to the quality of the home environment and children's achievement. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 375-403.
5. Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. Annals of Child Development, 6, 1-60.
6. Barnard, K. E., & Solchany, J. E. (2002). Mothering. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. Status and social conditions of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 3-25). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
7. Baskin, C., Umansky, W., & Sanders, W. (1987). Influencing the responsiveness of adolescent mothers to their infants. Zero to Three, 2, 7-11.
8. Baum, C. L. (2003). Does early maternal employment harm child development? An analysis of the potential benefits of leave taking. Journal of Labor Economics, 21, 409-448.
9. Baydar, N., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1991). Effects of maternal employment and child-care arrangements on preschoolers' cognitive and behavioral outcomes: Evidence from the children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Developmental Psychology, 27, 932-945.
10. Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83-96.
11. Belsky, J., & Barends, N. (2002). Personality and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. Status and social ecology of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 415-438). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
12. Belsky, J., Crnic, K., & Woodworth, S. (1995). Personality and parenting: Exploring the mediating role of transient mood and daily hassles. Journal of Personality, 63, 905-929.
13. Belsky, J., & Eggebeen, D. (1991). Early and extensive maternal employment/child care and 4-6 year olds socioemotional development: Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 1083-1099.
14. Belsky, J., Hertzog, C., & Rovine, M. (1986). Causal analyses of multiple determinants of parenting: Empirical and methodological advances. In M. E. Lamb, A. L. Brown, & B. Rogoff (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 153-202). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
15. Belsky, J., & Jaffee, S. (2006). The multiple determinants of parenting. In D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 38-85). New York: Wiley.
16. Benasich, A. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1996). Maternal attitudes and knowledge of child-rearing: Associations with family and child outcomes. Child Development, 67, 1186-1205.
17. Biringen, Z. (2000). Emotional availability: Conceptualization and research findings. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 104-114.
18. Biringen, Z., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. J., & Appelbaum, M. I. (1995). Affective reorganization in the infant, the mother, and the dyad: The role of upright locomotion and its timing. Child Development, 66, 499-514.
19. Biringen, Z., Matheny, A., Bretherton, I., Renouf, A., & Sherman, M. (2000). Maternal representation of the self as parent: Connections with maternal sensitivity and maternal structuring. Attachment & Human Development, 2, 218-232.
20. Biringen, Z., & Robinson, J. L. (1991). Emotional availability: A reconceptualization for research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 258-271.
21. Biringen, Z., Robinson, J. L., & Emde, R. N. (1998). Manual for scoring the Emotional Availability Scales (3rd ed.). Fort Collins: Colorado State University.
22. Bluestone, C., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. (1999). Correlates of parenting styles in predominantly working-and middle-class African American mothers. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 881-893.
23. Bogenschneider, K., Small, S. A., & Tsay, J. C. (1997). Child, parent, and contextual influences on perceived parenting competence among parents of adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 345-362.
24. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
25. Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.). (1989). Maternal responsiveness: Characteristics and consequences. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
26. Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.). (1991). Cultural approaches to parenting. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
27. Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.). (2002). Parenting infants. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children andparenting (2nd ed., pp. 3-43). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
28. Bornstein, M. H. (2006). Parenting science and practice. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & K. A. Renninger & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Child psychology in practice (6th ed, pp. 893-949). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
29. Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2003). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
30. Bornstein, M. H., Gini, M., Leach, D. B., Haynes, O. M., Painter, K. M., & Suwalsky. J. T. D. (2006). Short-term reliability and continuity of emotional availability in mother-child dyads across contexts of observation. Infancy, 10, 1-16.
31. Bornstein, M. H., Gini, M., Suwalsky, J. T. D., Putnick, D. L., & Haynes, O. M. (2006). Emotional availability in mother child dyads: Short term stability and continuity from variable-centered and person-centered perspectives. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52, 547-571.
32. Bornstein, M. H., Hahn, C.-S., Suwalsky, J. T. D., & Haynes, O. M. (2003). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development: The Hollingshead Four-Factor Index of Social Status and the Socioeconomic Index of Occupations. In M. H. Bornsteiu & R. H. Bradley (Eds.), Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development (pp. 29-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
33. Bornstein, M. H., & Haynes, O. M. (1998). Vocabulary competence in early childhood: Measurement, latent construct, and predictive validity. Child Development, 69, 654-4571.
34. Bornstein, M. H., Haynes, O. M., O'Reilly, A. W., & Painter, K. (1996). Solitary and collaborative pretense play in early childhood: Sources of individual variation in the development of representational competence. Child Development, 67, 2910-2929.
35. Bornstein, M. H., Haynes, O. M., & Painter, K. M. (1998). Sources of child vocabulary competence: A multivariate model. Journal of Child Language, 25, 367-393.
36. Bornstein, M. H., Hendricks, C., Hahn, C.-S., Haynes, O. M., Painter, K. M., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2003). Contributors to self-perceived competence, satisfaction, investment, and role balance in maternal parenting: A multivariate ecological analysis. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3, 285-326.
37. Bornstein, M. H., & Sawyer, J. (2005). Family systems. In K. McCartney & D. Phillips (Eds.), Blackwell handbook on early childhood development (pp. 381-398). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
38. Bornstein, M. H., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Haynes, O. M. (1999). First words in the second year: Continuity, stability, and models of concurrent and predictive correspondence in vocabulary and verbal responsiveness across age and context. Infant Behavior and Development, 22, 65-85.
39. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
40. Bradley, R. H. (1989). HOME measurement of maternal responsiveness. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Maternal responsiveness: Characteristics and consequences (pp. 63-74). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
41. Bradley, R. H., Whiteside, L., Caldwell, B. M., Casey, P. H., Kelleher, K., Pope, S., et al. (1993). Maternal IQ, the home environment, and child IQ in low birthweight, premature children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 61-74.
42. Bradley, R. H., & Whiteside-Mansell, L. (1997). Children in poverty. In R. T. Ammerman & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of prevention and treatment with children and adolescents (pp. 13-58). New York: Wiley.
43. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
44. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 993-1028). New York: Wiley.
45. Bronson, W. C. (1974). Mother-toddler interaction: A perspective on studying the development of competence. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 20, 275-301.
46. Brunquell, D., Crichton, L., & Egeland, B. (1981). Maternal personality and attitude in disturbances of child rearing. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 680-691.
47. Bugental, D. B., & Happaney, K. (2002). Parental attributions. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. Being and becoming a parent (2nd ed., pp. 509-535). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
48. Caldera, Y. M., Huston, A. C., & O'Brien, M. (1989). Social interactions and play patterns of parents and toddlers with feminine, masculine, and neutral toys. Child Development, 60, 70-76.
49. Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley: University of California Press.
50. Clarke-Stewart, K. A., & Hevey, C. M. (1981). Longitudinal relations in repeated observations of mother-child interaction from 1 to 2 years. Developmental Psychology, 17, 127-145.
51. Cochran, M. M., & Niego, S. (2002). Parenting and social networks. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Social conditions and applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 123-148). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
52. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
53. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
54. Coleman, P. K., & Karraker, K. H. (1998). Self-efficacy and parenting quality: Findings and future applications. Developmental Review, 18, 47-85.
55. Cook, D. R., & Weisberg, S. (1997). Applied regression including computing and graphics. New York: Wiley.
56. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality & Individual Differences, 13, 653-665.
57. Cowan, C. P., Cowan, P. A., Heming, G., Garrett, E., Coysh, W. S., Curtis-Boles, H., et al. (1985). Transitions to parenthood: His, hers, and theirs. Journal of Family Issues, 6, 451-481.
58. Crockenberg, S. B. (1988). Social support and parenting. In H. E. Fitzgerald, B. M. Lester, & M. W. Yogman (Eds.), Theory and research in behavioral pediatrics (Vol. 4, pp. 141-174). New York: Plenum.
59. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354.
60. Cummings, E. M., & Cummings, J. S. (2002). Parenting and attachment. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5. Practical parenting (2nd ed., pp. 35-58). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
61. Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1990). The transition to parenthood and the importance of social support. In S. Fisher & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), On the move: The psychology of change and transition (pp. 111-125). New York: Wiley.
62. Damast, A. M., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Bornstein, M. H. (1996). Mother-child play: Sequential interactions and the relation between maternal beliefs and behaviors. Child Development, 67, 1752-1766.
63. DeBaryshe, D. B., Patterson, G. R., & Capaldi, D. M. (1993). A performance model for academic achievement in early adolescent boys. Developmental Psychology, 29, 795-804.
64. Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1997). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B: Methodological, 39, 1-38.
65. De Wolff, M. S., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis of parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571-591.
66. Doherty, W. J., Kouneski, E. F., & Erickson, M. F. (1998). Responsible fathering: An overview and conceptual framework. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 277-292.
67. Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
68. Eccles, J. S., & Harold, R. D. (1996). Family involvement in children's and adolescents' schooling. In A. Booth & J. F. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links: How do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 3-34). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
69. Edwards, C. P., & Liu, W. (2002). Parenting toddlers. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed., pp. 45-71). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
70. Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 108-132.
71. Fox, J. (1997). Applied regression analysis, linear models, and related methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
72. Garcia Coll, C. T., & Pachter, L. M. (2002). Ethnic and minority parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 1-20). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
73. Goldberg, S. (1977). Infant development and mother-infant interaction in urban Zambia. In P. H. Leiderman, S. R. Tulkin, & A. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Culture and infancy: Variations in the human experience (pp. 211-243). New York: Academic Press.
74. Goldberg, S., Lojkasek, M., Gartner, G., & Cotter, C. (1989). Maternal responsiveness and social development in preterm infants. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Maternal responsiveness: Characteristics and consequences (pp. 89-103). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
75. Gottfried, A. E., Gottfried, A. W., & Bathurst, K. (2002). Maternal and dual-earner employment status and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 2. Biology and ecology of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 207-229). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
76. Grych, J. H. (2002). Marital relationships and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 203-225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
77. Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Brookes.
78. Hill, J. L., Waldfogel, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Han, W.-J. (2005). Maternal employment and child development: A fresh look using newer methods. Developmental Psychology, 41, 833-850.
79. Hodapp, R. M. (2002). Parenting children with Down syndrome and other types of mental retardation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 1, 2nd ed., pp. 233-253). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
80. Hoff, E., Laursen, B., & Tardif, T. (2002). Socioeconomic status and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 2. Biology and ecology of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 231-252). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
81. Holden, G. W. (1997). Parents and the dynamics of child rearing. Boulder, CO: Westview.
82. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). The four-factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
83. Jackson, D. N. (1976). Jackson Personality Inventory manual. Goshen, NY: Research Psychologists Press.
84. Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 167-175.
85. Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (in press). Promoting positive parenting: An attachment-based intervention. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
86. Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., Knaack, A., & Rhines, H. M. (2004). Maternal parenting and children's conscience: Early security as moderator. Child Development, 75, 1229-1242.
87. Kopp, C. B. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199-214.
88. Kopp, C. B., & Neufeld, S. J. (2003). Emotional development during infancy. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 347-374). New York: Oxford University Press.
89. LaFreniere, P., & Dumas, J. E. (1992). A transactional analysis of early childhood anxiety and social withdrawal. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 385-402.
90. Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., Swank, P. R., Assel, M. A., & Vellet, S. (2001). Does early responsive parenting have a special importance for children's development or is consistency across early childhood necessary? Developmental Psychology, 37, 387-403.
91. Leaper, C. (2002). Parenting girls and boys. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed., pp. 189-225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
92. Lehman, E. B., Steier, A. J., Guidash, K. M., & Wanna, S. Y. (1998). Predictors of compliance in toddlers: Child temperament, maternal personality, and emotional availability. Early Child Development and Care, 172, 301-310.
93. Lerner, R. M., & Galambos, N. L. (1986). Child development and family change: The influences of maternal employment on infants and toddlers. Advances in Infancy Research, 4, 39-86.
94. Lerner, R. M., Rothbaum, E, Boulos, S., & Castellino, D. R. (2002). Developmental systems perspective on parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 2. Biology and ecology of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 315-344). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
95. Levitt, M. J., Weber, R. A., & Clark, M. C. (1986). Social network relationships as sources of maternal support and well-being. Developmental Psychology, 22, 310-316.
96. Lillard, A. S., & Witherington, D. C. (2004). Mothers' behavior modifications during pretense and their possible signal value for toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 40, 95-113.
97. Losoya, S., Callor, S., Rowe, D., & Goldsmith, H. (1997). Origins of familial similarity in parenting. Developmental Psychology, 33, 1012-1023.
98. Lovas, G. S. (2005). Gender and patterns of emotional availability in mother-toddler and father-toddler dyads. Infant Mental Health Journal, 36, 327-353.
99. Luster, T. (1998). Individual differences in the caregiving behavior of teenage mothers: An ecological perspective. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3, 341-360.
100. MacPhee, D. (1981). Manual for the knowledge of infant development inventory. Unpublished manuscript, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
101. MacPhee, D., Benson, J. B., & Bullock, D. (1986, April). Influences on maternal self-perceptions. Paper presented at the Fifth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, Los Angeles.
102. MacPhee, D., Seybold, J., & Fritz, J. (n.d.). Parental attributions and self-esteem among mothers of delayed children. Unpublished manuscript, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
103. MacWhinney, B. (2000). The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
104. McAdoo, H. P. (2002). African American parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 47-58). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
105. McCall, R., & Green, B. (2004). Beyond the methodological gold standards of behavioral research: Considerations for practice and policy. Social Policy Report, 18, 3-12.
106. McCarthy, P., Walls, T., Cicchetti, D., Mayes, L., Rizzo, J., Lopez-Benitez, J., et al. (2003). Prediction of resource use during acute pediatric illnesses. Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157, 990-996.
107. McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1996). Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological Methods, 1, 30-46.
108. Minuchin, P. (1985). Families and individual development: Provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Development, 56, 289-302.
109. Mullen, M., Snidman, N., & Kagan, J. (1993). Free-play behavior in inhibited and uninhibited children. Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 383-389.
110. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (1999). Child care and mother-child interaction in the first three years of life. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1399-1413.
111. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2006). Child-care effect sizes for the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. American Psychologist, 61, 99-116.
112. Owen, M. T., & Cox, M. J. (1988). Maternal employment and the transition to parenthood. In A. E. Gottfried & A. W. Gottfried (Eds.), Maternal employment and children's development: Longitudinal research (pp. 85-119). New York: Plenum.
113. Paunonen, S. V., & Jackson, D. N. (1996). The Jackson Personality Inventory and the Five-Factor model of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 42-59.
114. Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regression in behavioral research (3rd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace.
115. Perry-Jenkins, M., Repetti, R. L., & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Work and family in the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 981-998.
116. Pipp-Siegel, S., & Biringen, Z. (1998). Assessing the quality of relationships between parents and children: The emotional availability scales. The Volta Review, 100, 237-249.
117. Putnam, S. P., Sanson, A. V., & Rothbart, M. K. (2002). Child temperament and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed., pp. 255-277). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
118. Reynell, J., & Gruber, C. P. (1990). Reynell Developmental Language Scales (U.S. Edition). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
119. Riksen-Walraven, J. M. (1978). Effects of caregiver behavior on habituation rate and self-efficacy in infants. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1, 105-130.
120. Robinson, J. L., & Biringen, Z. (1995). Gender and emerging autonomy in development. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 15, 60-74.
121. Rubin, K. H., Hastings, P., Henderson, H., & Chen, X. (1997). The consistency and concomitants of inhibition. Child Development, 68, 467-483.
122. Rubin, K. H., Stewart, S. L., & Chen, X. (1995). Parents of aggressive and withdrawn children. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (pp. 255-284). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
123. Ruble, D. N., Martin, C. L., & Berenbaum, S. A. (2006). Gender development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & D. Kuhn & R. S. Siegler (Eds.), Handbook of Child psychology: Vol. 2. Cognition, perception, and language (6th ed., pp. 858-932). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
124. Scarr, S. (1985). Constructing psychology: Making facts and fables for our times. American Psychologist, 40, 499-512.
125. Sigel, I. E., & McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V. (2002). Parental beliefs and cognitions: The dynamic belief systems model. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 3. Status and social conditions of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 485-508). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
126. Simons, R. L., Lorenz, F. O., Wu, C., & Conger, R. D. (1993). Social network and marital support as mediators and moderators of the impact of stress and depression on parental behavior. Developmental Psychology, 29, 368-381.
127. Sirignano, S. W., & Lachman, M. E. (1985). Personality change during the transition to parenthood: The role of perceived infant temperament. Child Development, 21, 558-567.
128. Sommer, K., Whitman, T. L., Borkowski, J. G., Schellenbach, C., Maxwell, S., & Keogh, D. (1993). Cognitive readiness and adolescent parenting. Developmental Psychology, 29, 389-398.
129. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York: Guilford.
130. Stevens, J. H. (1984). Child development knowledge and parenting skills. Family Relations, 33, 237-244.
131. Stuckey, M., McGhee, P., & Bell, N. (1982). Parent-child interaction: The influence of maternal employment. Developmental Psychology, 18, 635-644.
132. Swanson, K., Beckwith, L., & Howard, J. (2000). Intrusive caregiving and quality of attachment in prenatally drug-exposed toddlers and their primary caregivers. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 130-148.
133. Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bornstein, M. H., & Baumwell, L. (2001). Maternal responsiveness and children's achievement of language milestones. Child Development, 72, 748-767.
134. Teti, D. M., & Candelaria, M. (2002). Parenting competence. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 149-180). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
135. Unger, D. G., & Wandersman, L. P. (1986). Relationship of social support and social networks to the adjustment of adolescent mothers. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 29-45.
136. van Bakel, H. J. A., & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. (2002). Parenting and development of one-year-olds: Links with parental, contextual, and child characteristics. Child Development, 73, 256-273.
137. Van Dijk, L. (1994). Choices in Child care. Amsterdam: Thesis.
138. Volling, B. L., & Belsky, J. (1991). Multiple determinants of father involvement during infancy in dual-earner and single-earner families. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 53, 461-474.
139. Vukelich, C., & Kilman, D. S. (1985). Mature and teenage mothers' infant growth expectations and use of child development information sources. Family Relations, 34, 189-196.
140. Waldfogel, J. (2006). What children need. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
141. Watson, J. E., Kirby, R. S., Kelleher, K. J., & Bradley, R. H. (1996). Effects of poverty on home environment: An analysis of three-year outcome data for low birth weight premature infants. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21, 419-431.
142. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548-573.
143. Weiner, B., Frieze, I., Kukla, A., Reed, L., Rest, S., & Rosenbaum, R. M. (1972). Perceiving the causes of success and failure. In E. E. Jones et al. (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 95-120). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
144. Whiteside-Mansell, L., Pope, S. K., & Bradley, R. H. (1996). Patterns of parenting behavior in young mothers. Family Relations, 45, 273-281.
145. Woodworth, S., Belsky, J., & Crnic, K. (1996). The determinants of fathering during the child's second and third years of life: A developmental analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 679-692.
146. Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., & Chapman, M. (1992). Development of concern for others. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1038-1047.
147. Ziv, Y., Aviezer, O., Gini, M., Sagi, A., & Koren-Karie, N. (2000). Emotional availability in the mother-infant dyad as related to the quality of infant-mother attachment relationship. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 149-169.
148. Ziv, Y., Sagi, A., Gini, M., Koren-Karie, N., & Joels, T (1996, April). Emotional availability as related to quality of infant-mother attachment. Paper presented at the 10th Biennial Meeting of the International Conference on Infant Studies, Providence, RI.