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1
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35148824835
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It should be noted that a full discussion of teacher certification in the USA entails further complications that are beyond the scope of this paper. For example, some states currently permit what have been termed 'alternate routes' to teacher certification. Although the particulars may vary among the states, in general these routes do not require the same kind or amount of professional/academic coursework and preparatory classroom experiences as do 'regular' teachercertification programs offered by colleges and universities. Another complicating factor relates to non-governmental schools, referred to as 'private' or 'independent, Generally, teachers in these schools are not required to obtain state teacher certification
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It should be noted that a full discussion of teacher certification in the USA entails further complications that are beyond the scope of this paper. For example, some states currently permit what have been termed 'alternate routes' to teacher certification. Although the particulars may vary among the states, in general these routes do not require the same kind or amount of professional/academic coursework and preparatory classroom experiences as do 'regular' teachercertification programs offered by colleges and universities. Another complicating factor relates to non-governmental schools, referred to as 'private' or 'independent'. Generally, teachers in these schools are not required to obtain state teacher certification.
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2
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35148849428
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Tyack, D, ed, Waltham: Ginn/Blaisdel
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Tyack, D., ed. Turning Points in American Educational History. Waltham: Ginn/Blaisdel, 1967: 476-77, 479.
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(1967)
Turning Points in American Educational History
, vol.476 -77
, pp. 479
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3
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35148820385
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Report of the Committee on Secondary School Studies [US Bureau of Education whole no. 205]. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1893.
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Report of the Committee on Secondary School Studies [US Bureau of Education whole no. 205]. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1893.
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4
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35148892484
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On the Course in the History of Mathematics in the Michigan State Normal School
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Smith, D. E. "On the Course in the History of Mathematics in the Michigan State Normal School." Bibliotheca Mathematica, no. 12 (1898): 13.
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(1898)
Bibliotheca Mathematica
, Issue.12
, pp. 13
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Smith, D.E.1
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5
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35148892913
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Michigan State Normal School, ed. Yearbook. Ypsilanti: University Archives, Eastern Michigan University, 1894 - 95: 79.
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Michigan State Normal School, ed. Yearbook. Ypsilanti: University Archives, Eastern Michigan University, 1894 - 95: 79.
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6
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35148897028
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The Michigan State Normal School
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Smith, D. E. "The Michigan State Normal School." Education 17, no. 565 (1897).
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(1897)
Education
, vol.17
, Issue.565
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Smith, D.E.1
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7
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35148874867
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The Emergence of a Profession: Mathematics Education in the United States
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See:, Edited by G. M. A. Stanic and J. Kilpatrick. Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2003
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See: Donoghue, E. F. "The Emergence of a Profession: Mathematics Education in the United States, 1890-1920." InA History of School Mathematics. Edited by G. M. A. Stanic and J. Kilpatrick. Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2003: 159-93.
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(1890)
A History of School Mathematics
, pp. 159-193
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Donoghue, E.F.1
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9
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35148845361
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United States Bureau of Education. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
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Jackson, W. R. Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1903, United States Bureau of Education. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904.
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(1904)
Report of the Commissioner of Education
, pp. 1903
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Jackson, W.R.1
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10
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35148817223
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The official name of that committee was in German IMUK (Internationale Mathematische Unterrichtskommission) and in French CIEM (Commission Internationale de l'Enseignement des Mathématiques). When re-established in 1952, the name became English: ICMI (International Commission on Mathematical Instruction).
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The official name of that committee was in German IMUK (Internationale Mathematische Unterrichtskommission) and in French CIEM (Commission Internationale de l'Enseignement des Mathématiques). When re-established in 1952, the name became English: ICMI (International Commission on Mathematical Instruction).
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11
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35148873816
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Report of the American Commissioners of the International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics
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Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
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Report of the American Commissioners of the International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics [US Bureau of Education Bulletin no. 14]. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1912: 35.
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(1912)
US Bureau of Education Bulletin
, vol.14
, pp. 35
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12
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35148875352
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The International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics
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Smith, D. E. "The International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics." American Mathematical Monthly 17, no. 4 (1910).
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(1910)
American Mathematical Monthly
, vol.17
, Issue.4
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Smith, D.E.1
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13
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35148848447
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Algebra and Geometry Textbooks in Twentieth-Century America
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See:, edited by G. M. A. Stanic and J. Kilpatrick. Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
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See: Donoghue, E. F. "Algebra and Geometry Textbooks in Twentieth-Century America." In A History of School Mathematics, edited by G. M. A. Stanic and J. Kilpatrick. Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2003;
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(2003)
A History of School Mathematics
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Donoghue, E.F.1
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20
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35148880473
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Ibid., iv.
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Ibid., iv.
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23
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35148880911
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IbJd, 2-3
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IbJd., 2-3.
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24
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35148855282
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Ibid., 5.
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25
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35148887941
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Ibid., 10.
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26
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35148853863
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IbJd, 6
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IbJd., 6.
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27
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35148890039
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Ibid., 9.
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28
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35148870316
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Ibid.
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