Modeling of weak anisotropic anchoring of nematic liquid crystals in the Landau-de Gennes theory

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Volumn 54, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2630-2637

  Willman, Eero ^a   Fernández, F Aníbal ^a   James, Richard ^a   Day, Sally E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anchoring; Liquid crystal (LC)

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MECHANICS); MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TENSORS; VECTORS;

ANISOTROPIC ANCHORING; LANDAU-DE GENNES THEORY; OSEEN-FRANK THEORY; RAPINI-PAPOULAR ANCHORING ENERGY DENSITY; SURFACE-ORDER PARAMETER;

NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS;

EID: 35148838501     PISSN: 00189383     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TED.2007.904369     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. C. Oseen, "The theory of liquid crystals," Trans. Faraday Soc., vol. 29, pp. 883-889, 1933.
2. F. C. Frank, "On the theory of liquid crystals," Discuss. Faraday Soc., vol. 29, pp. 883-889, 1933.
3. P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon, 1993.
4. S. Ishihara, "How far has the molecular alignment of liquid crystals been elucidated?" J. Display Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-40, Sep. 2005.
5. A. V. Zakharov and R. Y. Dong, "Surface polarization and effective anchoring energy in liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 64, no. 4, p. 042 701, Oct. 2001.
6. A. V. Zakharov and M. Iwamoto, "Homeotropic-planar anchoring transition induced by trans-cis isomerization in ultrathin polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett films," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 118, no. 23, pp. 10 758-10 761, Jun. 2003.
7. G. Barbero, I. Dozov, J. F. Palierne, and G. Durand, "Order electricity and surface orientation in nematic liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 56, no. 19, pp. 2056-2059, May 1986.
8. A. L. Alexe-Ionescu, G. Barbero, and A. G. Petrov, "Gradient flexoelectric effect and thickness dependence of anchoring energy," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. R1631-R1634, Sep. 1993.
9. A. Rapini and M. Papoular, "Distortion d'une lamelle nématique sous champ magnétique conditions d'ancrage aux parois," J. Phys. (Paris), vol. 30, no. C4.54, 1969.
10. B. Zhang, P. Sheng, and H. S. Kwok, "Optical measurement of azimuthal anchoring strength in nematic liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 67, no. 4, p. 041 713, Apr. 2003.
11. S. Oka, T. Mitsumoto, M. Kimura, and T. Akahane, "Relationship between surface order and surface azimuthal anchoring strength of nematic liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 69, no. 6, p. 061 711, Jun. 2004.
12. A. Murauski, V. Chigrinov, A. Muravsky, F. S.-Y Yeung, J. Ho, and S. Kwok, "Determination of liquid-crystal polar anchoring energy by electrical measurements," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 71, no. 6, p. 061 707, Jun. 2005.
13. T. Oh-Ide, S. Kuniyasu, and S. Kobayashi, "Surface coupling between nematic liquid crystals and rubbed polyimide substrates for pure twist deformation: Dependence on rubbing strength," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 91-100, 1988.
14. B. Jérôme, "Surface effects and anchoring in liquid crystals," Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 391-451, Mar. 1991.
15. W. Zhao, C.-X. Wu, and M. Iwamoto, "Analysis of weak-anchoring effect in nematic liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1481-1484, Aug. 2000.
16. W. Zhao, C.-X. Wu, and M. Iwamoto, "Weak boundary anchoring, twisted nematic effect, and homeotropic to twisted-planar transition," Phys. Rev. E, Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top., vol. 65, no. 3, p. 031 709, Mar. 2002.
17. R. Hirning, W. Funk, J.-R. Trebin, M. Schidt, and H. Schmiedel, "Threshold behavior and electro-optical properties of twisted nematic layers with weak anchoring in the tilt and twist angle," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 70, no. 8, p. 4211, Oct. 1991.
18. J. Nehring, A. R. Kmetz, and T. J. Scheffer, "Analysis of weak-boundary-coupling effects in liquid-crystal displays," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 47, no. 3, p. 850, Mar. 1976.
19. T. J. Sluckin and A. Poniewierski, "Novel surface phase transition in nematic liquid crystals: Wetting and the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 55, no. 26, pp. 2907-2910, Dec. 1985.
20. A. K. Sen and D. E. Sullivan, "Landau-de gennes theory of wetting and orientational transitions at a nematic-liquid-substrate interface," Phys. Rev. A, Gen. Phys., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 1391-1403, Feb. 1987.
21. M. Nobili and G. Durand, "Disorientation-induced disordering at a nematic-liquid-crystal-solid interface," Phys. Rev. A, Gen. Phys. vol. 46, no. 10, pp. R6174-R6177, Nov. 1992.
22. A. Poniewierski and A. Samborski, "Anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal on an anisotropic substrate," Liq. Cryst., vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1285-1293, Oct. 2000.
23. T. Akahane, H. Kaneko, and M. Kimura, "Novel method of measuring surface torsional anchoring strength of nematic liquid crystals," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 4434-4437, Aug. 1996.
24. K. Okubo, M. Kimura, and T. Akahane, "Measurement of genuine azimuthal anchoring energy in consideration of liquid crystal molecular adsorption on alignment film," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 6428-6433, Oct. 2003.
25. P. I. C. Teixeira, T. J. Sluckin, and D. E. Sullivan, "Erratum -Landau-de Gennes theory of anchoring transitions at a nematic liquid crystal-substrate interface," Liq. Cryst., vol. 15, no. 6, p. 939, 1993.
26. P. I. C. Teixeira, T. J. Sluckin, and D. E. Sullivan, "Landau-de Gennes theory of anchoring transitions at a nematic liquid crystal-substrate interface," Liq. Cryst., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1243-1253, 1993.
27. H. J. Coles, "Laser and electric field induced birefringence studies on the cyanobiphenyl homologues," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 67-74, 1978.
28. R. James, E. Willman, F. A. Fernández, and S. E. Day, "Finite-element modelling of liquid crystal hydrodynamics with a variable degree of order," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1575-1582, Jul. 2006.
29. F. A. Fernández, S. E. Day, P. Trwoga, H. F. Deng, and R. James, "Three-dimensional modelling of liquid crystal display cells using finite elements," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 375, no. 1, pp. 291-299, 2002.
30. S. Dickmann, J. Eschler, O. Cossalter, and D. A. Mlynski, "A simulation of LCDs including elastic anisotropy and inhomogeneous fields," in Proc. SID Dig., 1993, p. 638.
31. H. Mori, J. E. C. Gartland, J. R. Kelly, and P. Boss, "Multidimensional director modelling using the Q tensor representation in a liquid crystal cell and its application to the π cell with patterned electrodes," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 38, no. 1A, pp. 135-146, Jan. 1999.
32. P. P. Karat and N. V. Madhusudana, "Elasticity and orientational order in some 4′-n-alkyl-4-cyanobiphenyls: Part II," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 239-245, 1977.
33. P. G. Cummings, D. A. Dunmur, and D. A. Laidler, "Dielectric properties of nematic 44′n-pentylcyanobiphenyl," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., vol. 30, no. 1/2, pp. 109-123, 1975.