Dimensions of mental illness stigma: What about mental illness causes social rejection?

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 137-154

  Feldman, David B ^a   Crandall, Christian S ^b  

^a SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34948906457     PISSN: 07367236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2007.26.2.137     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Andrews, G., Crino, R., Hunt, C., Lampe, L., & Page, A. (1994). The treatment of anxiety disorders. New York: Cambridge.
3. Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (1996). The effect of violent attacks by schizophrenic persons on the attitude of the public towards the mentally ill. Social Science and Medicine, 43, 1721-1728.
4. Barlow, D. H., & Cerny, J. A. (1988). Psychological treatment of panic. New York: The Guilford Press.
5. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
6. Beckham, E. E., & Leber, W. R. (Eds.). (1995). Handbook of depression. New York: The Guilford Press.
7. Ben Porath, D. D. (2002). Stigmatization of individuals who receive psychotherapy: An interaction between help-seeking behavior and the presence of depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21, 400-413.
8. Biernat, M., & Crandall, CS. (1999). Racial attitudes. In J.P. Robinson, P.R. Shaver, & L. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of political attitudes. Measures of social psychological attitudes (Vol. 2, pp. 297-411). San Diego: Academic Press.
9. Bishop, G. (1991). Lay disease representations and responses to victims of disease. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12, 115-132.
10. Bogardus, E. S. (1923). Immigration and race attitudes. Boston: D.C. Health.
11. Bogardus, E. S. (1925). Measuring social distances. Journal of Applied Sociology, 9,299-308.
12. Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Alford, B. A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. New York: Wiley.
13. Corrigan, P. W., Edwards, A. B., Green, A., Diwan, S. L., & Penn, D. L. (2001). Prejudice, social distance, and familiarity with mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27,219-225.
14. Corrigan, P. W., Green, A., Lundin, R., Kubiak, M. A., & Perm, D. L. (2001). Familiarity with and social distance from people who have serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 52, 953-958.
15. Corrigan, P. W., Lurie, B. D., Goldman, H. H., Slopen, N., Medasani, K., & Phelan, S. (2005). How adolescents perceive the stigma of mental illness and alcohol abuse. Psychiatric Services, 56, 544-550.
16. Crandall, C. S. (1991). Multiple stigma and AIDS: Medical stigma and attitudes toward homosexuals and IV-drug users in AIDS-related stigmatization. Social Behavior: Journal of Applied Social and Community Psychology, 1, 165-172.
17. Crandall, C. S. (1994). Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 882-894.
18. Crandall, C.S. (1995). Do parents discriminate against their own heavyweight daughters? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 724-735.
19. Crandall, C. S., & Coleman, R. (1992). AIDS-related stigmatization and the disruption of social relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 163-177.
20. Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 414-446.
21. Crandall, C. S., Eshleman, A., & O'Brien, L. T. (2002). Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice: The struggle for internalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 359-378.
22. Crandall, C. S., & Moriarty, D. (1995). Physical illness stigma and social rejection. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 67-83.
23. Crandall, C. S., & Reser, A.H. (2005). Harm, retribution, and the justification of prejudice. Manuscript under review.
24. Crandall, C.S., & Warner, R. (2005). Social distance. In S. Best & B. Radcliff (Eds.), Polling America: An encyclopedia of public opinion (pp. 762-766). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
25. Davison, G. C. (1976). Homosexuality: The ethical challenge. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 157-162.
26. Deegan, P. E. (2001). Recovery as a self-directed process of healing and transformation. In C. Brown, (Ed.), Recovery and ivellness: Models of hope and empowerment for people with mental illness (pp. 5-21). New York: Haworth Press.
27. Ditto, P. H., & Jemmott, J. B., III (1989). From rarity to evaluative extremity: Effects of prevalence information of evaluations of positive and negative characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 16-26.
28. Ditto, P., Jemmott, J. B., Ill, & Darley, J. (1988). Appraising the threat of illness: A mental representational approach. Health Psychology, 7, 183-200.
29. Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Pearson, A. R. (2005). On the nature of prejudice: The psychological foundations of hate. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), The psychology of hate (pp. 211-234). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
30. Farina, A., Feiner, R. D., & Boudreau, L. A. (1973). Reactions of workers to male and female mental patient job applicants. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 363-372.
31. Follette, V. M., Ruzek, J. I., & Abueg, F. R. (Eds.). (1998). Cognitive-behavioral therapies for trauma. New York: The Guilford Press.
32. Gallagher, B.J. (1987). The sociology of mental illness (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
33. Gingerich, S. L. (1998). Stigma: Critical issues for clinicians assisting individuals with severe mental illness - Response paper. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 5, 277-284.
34. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of a spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
35. Gruman, J. C., & Sloan, R. P. (1983). Disease as justice: Perceptions of the victims of physical illness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 4, 39-46.
36. Holden, C. (1986). Giving mental health its research due. Science, 232, 1084-1085.
37. Horstman, A., & Crandall, C. (2003). Ability to cause harm is key to publicly expressed prejudice. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Los Angeles.
38. Jemmott, J. B., III, Ditto, P. H., & Croyle, R. T. (1986). Judging health status: Effects of perceived prevalence and personal relevance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 899-905.
39. Jones, E. E., Farina, A., Hastdorf, A., Markus, H., Miller, D., & Scott, R. (1984). Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. New York: Freeman.
40. Kommana, S., Mansfield, M., & Penn, D. L. (1997). Dispelling the stigma of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 48, 1393-1395.
41. Lee, R. S., Kochman, A., & Sikkema, K. J. (2002). Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS and Behavior, 6, 309-319.
42. Lefley, H. P. (1989). Family burden and family stigma in major mental illness. American Psychologist, 44, 556-560.
43. Leventhal, H., Meyer, D., & Nerenz, D. (1980). The commonsense representation of illness danger. In S. Rachman (Ed.), Medical Psychology. New York: Pergamon.
44. Levey, S., & Howells, K. (1995). Dangerousness, unpredictability and the fear of people with schizophrenia. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 6, 19-39.
45. Link, B. G., Struening, E. L., Neese-Todd, S., Asmussen, S., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). The consequences of stigma for the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1621-1626.
46. MacDonald, A. P., & Hall, J. (1969). Perception of disability by the non-disabled. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 654-660.
47. Matorin, S. (2002). Stigma as a barrier to recovery. Psychiatric Services, 53, 629-630.
48. McBride, C. A. (1998). The discounting principle and attitudes toward victims of HIV infection. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 595-608.
49. Meyerowitz, B. E., Williams, J. G., & Gessner, J. (1987). Perceptions of controllability and attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 471-492.
50. Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M. (Eds.). (1998). A guide to treatments that work. New York: Oxford.
51. Parrino, L., Ferrillo, F., Smerieri, A., Spaggiari, M.S., Palomba, V., Rossi, M., & Terzano, M. G. (2004). Is insomnia a neurophysiological disorder? The role of sleep EEG microstructure. Brain Research Bulletin, 30, 377-383.
52. Perlick, D. A., Rosenheck, R. A., Clarkin, J. F., Sirey, J. A., Salahi, J., Struening, E. L., & Link, B. G. (2001). Adverse effects of perceived stigma on social adaptation of persons diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1627-1632.
53. Phelan, J. C. (2002). Genetic bases of mental illness - a cure for stigma? Trends in Neurosciences, 25, 430-431.
54. Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (1998). The growing belief that people with mental illness are violent: The role of the dangerousness criterion for civil commitment. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, S7-S12.
55. Read, J., & Harre, N. (2001). The role of biological and genetic causal beliefs in the stigmatisation of 'mental patients.' Journal of Mental Health UK, 10, 223-235.
56. Reynolds, C. F., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Coble, P. A., & Yeager, A. (1991). Subtyping DSM-III-R primary insomnia: A literature review by the DSM-IV work group on sleep disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 432-438.
57. Richardson, S. A., Hastorf, A. H., Goodman, N., & Dornbusch, S.M. (1961). Cultural uniformity in reaction to physical disabilities. American Sociological Review, 26, 241-247.
58. Richardson, S. A., Ronald, L., & Kleck, R. E. (1974). The social status of handicapped and nonhandicapped boys in a camp setting. Journal of Special Education, 8, 143-152.
59. Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003). Internalized stigma of mental illness: Psychometric properties of a new measure. Psychiatry Research, 121, 31-49.
60. Robertson, E. B., & Donnermeyer, J. F. (1997). Illegal drug use among rural adults: Mental health consequences and treatment utilization. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 23, 467-484.
61. Rosenfield, S. (1997). Labeling mental illness: The effects of received services and perceived stigma on life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 62, 660-672.
62. Roth, T., & Roehrs, T. (2003). Insomnia: Epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences. Clinical Cornerstone, 5, 5-15.
63. Schumacher, M., Corrigan, P. W., & Dejong, T. (2003). Examining cues that signal mental illness stigma. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 467-476.
64. Schwartz, S., Weiss, L., & Lennon, M. C. (2000). Labeling effects of a controversial psychiatric diagnosis: A vignette experiment of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder. Women and Health, 30, 63-75.
65. Sears, D.O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 515-530.
66. Shears, L. M., & Jensema, C. J. (1969). Social acceptability and anomalous persons. Exceptional Children, 36, 91-96.
67. Sirey, J. A., Bruce, M. L., Alexopoulos, G. S., Perlick, D. A., Friedman, S. J., & Meyers, B. S. (2001). Perceived stigma and patient-rated severity of illness as predictors of antidepressant drug adherence. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1615-1620.
68. Stangor, C., & Crandall, C. S. (2000). Threat and the social construction of stigma. In T.F. Heatherton, R.E. Kleck, M.E. Hebl, & J.G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 62-87). New York: The Guilford Press.
69. Tringo, J. L. (1970). The hierarchy of preference toward disability groups. Journal of Special Education, 4, 295-306.
70. Turk, D. C., Rudy, T. E., & Salovey, P. (1986). Implicit models of illness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 9, 453-474.
71. Walkup, J., Cramer, L. J., & Yeras, J. (2004). How is stigmatization affected by the "layering" of stigmatized conditions, such as serious mental illness and HIV? Psychological Reports, 95, 771-779.
72. Weiner, B. (1995). Judgments of responsibility: A foundation for a theory of social conduct. New York: The Guilford Press.
73. Weiner, B., Perry, R. P., & Magnusson, J. (1988). An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 738-748.
74. Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Health Education Research, 15, 97-107.
75. Wright, B. A. (1983). Physical disability: A psychosocial approach. New York: Harper & Row.