The PROactive trial (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial in macroVascular Events): What does it mean for primary care physicians?

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 237-240

  Singaram, Vanitha ^a   Pratley, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Glycaemic control; Macrovascular disease; Pioglitazone; PROactive trial

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; PIOGLITAZONE;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PHYSICIAN; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; PHYSICIANS, FAMILY; THIAZOLIDINEDIONES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 34948901812     PISSN: 14791641     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3132/dvdr.2007.047     Document Type: Review

References (19)

1. US Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Prevalence of diabetes in United States, all ages 2005. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/ estimates05.htm #prev. Accessed August 24, 2006.
2. Amos A, McCarty D, Zimmet R The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabetic Med 1997;14(suppl 5):S1-S85.
3. King H, Aubert R, Herman W. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21:1414-31.
4. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and glucose tolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. Diabetes Care 1979;2:120-6.
5. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleight P, Peto R, for the Heart Protection Study Collaborative Croup. MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:2005-16.
6. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229-34.
7. Roper NA, Bilous RW, KeIIyWF, Unwin NC, Connolly VM. Excess mortality in a population with diabetes and the impact of material deprivation: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 2001;322:1389-93.
8. Garcia MJ, McNamara PM, Gordon T, Kannel WB. Morbidity and mortality in diabetics in the Framingham population. Sixteen year follow-up study. Diabetes 1974;23:105-11.
9. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Croup. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998;352:854-65. Erratum in: Lancet 1998;352:1558.
10. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
11. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al., for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2643-53.
12. Lehmann JM, Moore LB, Smith-Oliver TA, Wilkison WO, Willson TM, Kliewer SA. An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem 1995;270:12953-6.
13. Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M et al. Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2784-91.
14. Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M et al. Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone. Diabetes Care 2001;24:710-19.
15. Pfützner A, Marx N, Lübben G et al. Improvement of cardiovascular risk markers by pioglitazone is independent from glycemic control: results from the Pioneer study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1925-31.
16. Gralinski MR, Rowse PE, Breider MA. Effects of troglitazone and pioglitazone on cytokine-mediated endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;31:909-13.
17. Coetze S, Xi XP, Kawano H et al. PPAR gamma-ligands inhibit migration mediated by multiple chemoattractants in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999;33:798-806.
18. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1279-89.
19. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB et al; Professional Practice Committee, American Diabetes Association; European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. A consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia 2006;49:1711-21.