Controlling optical gain in semiconducting polymers with nanoscale chain positioning and alignment

Nature Nanotechnology

Volumn 2, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 647-652

  Martini, Ignacio B ^a   Craig, Ian M ^a   Molenkamp, William C ^a   Miyata, Hirokatsu ^b   Tolbert, Sarah H ^a   Schwartz, Benjamin J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CANON INC   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITE FILMS; OPTICAL GAIN; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; SILICA; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; WAVEGUIDES;

AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSIONS; CHAIN CONFORMATIONS; GRADED INDEX WAVEGUIDES; INDEX OF REFRACTION; OPTIMAL CONDITIONS; POLYMER CHAIN ORIENTATION; POROUS SILICA FILMS; SPATIAL ORIENTATIONS;

POLYMER FILMS;

NANOMATERIAL; POLYMER; SILICON DIOXIDE;

ARTICLE; OPTICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 34948859032     PISSN: 17483387     EISSN: 17483395     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.294     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Schwartz, B. J. Conjugated polymers as molecular materials: How chain conformation and morphology influence energy transfer and interchain interactions. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 54, 141-172 (2003).
2. Miller, E. K., Yoshida, D., Yang, C. Y. & Heeger, A. J. Polarized ultraviolet absorption of highly oriented poly(2-methoxy,5-(2′-ethyl)- hexyloxy paraphenylene vinylene). Phys. Rev. B 59, 4661-4664 (1999).
3. Wu, J., Gross, A. F. & Tolbert, S. H. Host-guest chemistry using an oriented mesoporous host: alignment and isolation of a semiconducting polymer in the nanopores of an ordered silica matrix. J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 2374-2378 (1999).
4. Hide, F. et al. Semiconducting polymers: a new class of solid-state lasing materials. Science 273, 1833-1836 (1996).
5. Yanagisawa, T., Shimizu, T., Kuroda, K. & Kato, C. The preparation of alkyltrimethylammonium-kanemite complexes and their conversion to microporous materials. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 63, 988-992 (1990).
6. Kresge, C. T., Leonowicz, M. E., Roth, W. J., Vartuli, J. C. & Beck, J. S. Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature 359, 710-712 (1992).
7. Yang, H., Kuperman, A., Coombs, N., Mamiche-Afara, S. & Ozin, G. A. Synthesis of oriented films of mesoporous silica on mica. Nature 379, 703-705 (1996).
8. Lu, Y. F. et al. Continuous formation of supported cubic and hexagonal mesoporous thin films by sol-gel dip-coating. Nature 389, 364-368 (1997).
9. Miyata, H. & Kuroda, K. Formation of a continuous mesoporous silica film with fully aligned mesochannels on a glass substrate. Chem. Mater. 12, 49-54 (2000).
10. Miyata, H., Kawashima, Y., Itoh, M. & Watanabe, M. Preparation of a mesoporous silica film with a strictly aligned porous structure through a sol-gel process. Chem. Mater. 17, 5323-5327 (2005).
11. Molenkamp, W., Miyata, H. & Tolbert, S. H. Highly-polarized luminescence from optical-quality films of semiconducting polymers aligned within oriented mesoporous silica. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 4476-4477 (2004).
12. Nguyen, T.-Q., Wu, J., Doan, V., Schwartz, B. J. & Tolbert, S. H. Control of energy transfer in oriented conjugated polymer/mesoporous silica composites. Science 288, 652-656 (2000).
13. Cadby, A. J. & Tolbert, S. H. Controlling optical properties and interchain interactions in semiconducting polymer by encapsulation in periodic nanoporous silicas with different pore sizes. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 17879-17886 (2005).
14. Wan, Y., Yang, H. F. & Zhao, D. Y. Host-guest chemistry in the synthesis of ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials. Acct. Chem. Res. 39, 423-432 (2006).
15. Huo, Q., Margolese, D. I. & Stucky, G. D. Surfactant control of phases in the synthesis of mesoporous silica-based materials. Chem. Mater. 8, 1147-1160 (1996).
16. Nguyen, T.-Q., Wu, J., Tolbert, S. H. & Schwartz, B. J. Control of energy transport in conjugated polymers using an oriented mesoporous silica matrix. Adv. Mater. 13, 609-611 (2001).
17. Tessler, N., Denton, G. J. & Friend, R. H. Lasing from conjugated-polymer microcavities. Nature 382, 695-697 (1996).
18. McGehee, M. D. et al. Semiconducting polymer distributed feedback lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1536-1538 (1998).
19. Wudl, F. et al. Polymers and an unusual molecular crystal with nonlinear optical properties. ACS Symp. Ser. 455, 683-686 (1991).
20. Nguyen, T.-Q., Martini, I. B., Liu, J. & Schwartz, B. J. Controlling interchain interactions in conjugated polymers: The effects of chain morphology on exciton-exciton Annihilation and aggregation in MEH-PPV films. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 237-255 (2000).
21. McGehee, M. D. et al. Amplified spontaneous emission from photopumped films of a conjugated polymer. Phys. Rev. B 58, 7035-7039 (1998).
22. Wang, L. & Huang, N. Index profiles: TE mode solutions. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 35, 1351-1353 (1999).
23. Schaller, R. D. et al. Nanoscopic interchain aggregate domain formation in conjugated polymer films studied by third harmonic generation (THG) near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). J. Chem. Phys. 117, 6688-6698 (2002).
24. Schaller, R. D. et al. The nature of interchain excitations in conjugated polymers: Spatially-varying interfacial solvatochromism of annealed MEH-PPV films studied by near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 9496-9506 (2002).
25. Díaz-García, M. A. et al. Plastic lasers: Semiconducting polymers as a new class of solid-state laser materials. Synth. Met. 84, 455-462 (1997).
26. Heliotis, G. et al. Investigation of amplified spontaneous emission in oriented films of a liquid crystalline conjugated polymer. Synth. Met. 139, 727-730 (2003).
27. Martini, I. B., Smith, A. D. & Schwartz, B. J. Evidence for the direct production of interchain species in conjugated polymer films: The ultrafast stimulated emission and fluorescence dynamics of MEH-PPV. Phys. Rev. B 69, 035204 (2004).