Subglacial bed properties from normal-incidence seismic reflection data

Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 3-13

  Smith, Andrew M ^a  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE; DATA ACQUISITION; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; ICE; POROSITY;

CRITICAL ACQUISITION PARAMETERS; DEFORMING SEDIMENTS; NORMAL INCIDENCE SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA; SUBGLACIAL BED PROPERTIES;

SEISMIC RESPONSE;

GLACIER; ICE; PERMAFROST; POROSITY; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SEISMIC VELOCITY; SUBGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT;

ARCTIC;

EID: 34948844154     PISSN: 10831363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/JEEG12.1.3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (50)

1. Alley, R.B., 1989a, Water-pressure coupling of sliding and bed deformation: I. Water system, J. Glaciol., 35, 108-118.
2. Alley, R.B., 1989b, Water-pressure coupling of sliding and bed deformation: II. Velocity-depth profiles, J. Glaciol., 35, 119-129.
3. Alley, R.B., Blankenship, D.D., Bentley, C.R., and Rooney, S.T., 1986, Deformation of till beneath Ice Stream B, West Antarctica: Nature, 322, 57-59.
4. Alley, R.B., Blankenship, D.D., Bentley, C.R., and Rooney, S.T., 1987, Till beneath Ice Stream B. 3. Till deformation: evidence and implications: J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8921-8929.
5. Alley, R.B., Clark, P.U., Huybrechts, P., and Joughin, I., 2005, Ice-Sheet and Sea-Level Changes: Science, 310, 456-460.
6. Anandakrishnan, S., 2003, Dilatant till layer near the onset of streaming flow of ice stream C, West Antarctica, determined by AVO (amplitude vs. offset) analysis: Ann. Glaciol, 36, 283-286.
7. Anandakrishnan, S., Blankenship, D.D., Alley, R.B., and Stoffa, P.L., 1998, Influence of subglacial geology on the position of a West Antarctic ice stream from seismic observations: Nature, 394, 62-65.
8. Atre, S.R., and Bentley, C.R., 1993, Laterally varying basal conditions beneath ice streams B and C, West Antarctica: J. Glaciol., 39, 507-514.
9. Baker, G.S., Strasser, J.C., Evenson, E.B., Lawson, D.E., Pyke, K., and Bigl, R.A., 2003, Near-surface seismic reflection profiling of the Matanuska Glacier: Alaska, Geophysics, 68, 147-156.
10. Benjumea, B., and Teixidó, T., 2001, Seismic reflection constraints on the glacial dynamics of Johnsons Glacier, Antarctica: J. App. Geophys., 46, 31-44.
11. Bentley, C.R., 1971, Seismic evidence for moraine within the basal Antarctic ice sheet: in Antarctic Snow and Ice Studies II, Crary, A.P. (ed.), Antarctic Research Series, AGU, Washington, D.C., 16, 89-129.
12. Bentley, C.R., and Kohnen, H., 1976, Seismic refraction measurements of internal friction in Antarctic ice: J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1519-1526.
13. Blankenship, D.D., Bentley, C.R., Rooney, S.T., and Alley, R.B., 1986, Seismic measurements reveal a saturated porous layer beneath an active Antarctic ice stream: Nature, 322, 54-57.
14. Blankenship, D.D., Bentley, C.R., Rooney, S.T., and Alley, R.B., 1987, Till beneath ice stream B: 1. Properties derived from seismic travel times: J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8903-8911.
15. Boulton, G.S., and Dent, D.L., 1974, The nature and rates of post-depositional changes in recently deposited till from south-east Iceland: Geogr. Ann., 56A, 121-134.
16. Boulton, G.S., and Paul, M.A., 1976, The influence of genetic processes on some geotechnical properties of glacial tills: Q. J. Eng. Geol., 9, 159-194.
17. Brockamp, B., and Kohnen, H., 1965, Ein Beitrag zu den seismischen Untersuchungen auf dem Gröenländischen Inlandeis: Polarforschung, 6, 2-12.
18. Brouwer, J., and Heibig, K., 1998. Shallow high-resolution reflection seismics, Elsevier, Oxford.
19. Clarke, G.K.C., 1987, Subglacial till: A physical framework for its properties and processes: J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9023-9036.
20. Clarke, T.S., and Echelmeyer, K., 1996, Seismic reflection evidence for a deep subglacial trough beneath Jakobshavns Isbrae, Greenland: J. Glaciol., 42, 219-232.
21. Clarke, T.S., Burkholder, P.D., Smithson, S.B., and Bentley, CR., 1997, Optimum shooting and recording parameters and a preliminary crustal model for the Byrd Subglacial Basin, Antarctica: in The Antarctic Region, Geological Evolution and Processes, Ricci, C.A. (ed.), Terra Antarctica, Siena, 485-493.
22. Doake, C.S.M., Corr, H.F.J., Jenkins, A., Makinson, K., Nicholls, K.W., Nath, C., Smith, A.M., and Vaughan, D.G., 2001, Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica: in The West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Behavior and Environment, Alley, R.B., and Bindschadler, R.A. (eds.), Antarctic Research Series, AGU, Washington, D.C., 77, 221-235.
23. Eiken, O., Degutsch, M., Riste, P., and Rod, K., 1989, Snowstreamer: An efficient tool in seismic acquisition: First Break, 7, 374-378.
24. Ito, K., and Ikami, A., 1984, Amplitudes of seismic waves on ice sheet in East Antarctica, Memoirs of the National Institute of Polar Research: Japan, Series C, 15, 36-42.
25. Jarvis, E.P., and King, E.C., 1993, The seismic wavefield recorded on an Antarctic ice shelf: J. Seismic Explor., 2, 69-86.
26. Johnson, J.B., 1982, On the application of Biot theory to acoustic wave propagation in snow: Cold Reg. Sci. and Tech., 6, 49-60.
27. Kapitsa, A.P., Ridley, J.K., Robin, G.de Q., Siegert, M.J., and Zotikov, I.A., 1996, A large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of East Antarctica: Nature, 381, 684-686.
28. King, E.C., and Jarvis, E.P., 1991, Effectiveness of different shooting techniques in Antarctic firn: First Break, 9, 281-288.
29. King, E.C., Woodward, J., and Smith, A.M., 2004, Seismic evidence for a water-filled canal in deforming till beneath Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L20401, doi:10.1029/2004GL020379.
30. Kuroiwa, D., 1964, Internal friction of ice: Inst. Low Temp. Sei. Hokkaido Univ. Contrib., A-18, 1-62.
31. Mellor, M., 1985, Blasting and blast effects in cold regions, Part 1: Explosions in air: United States Army Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., Special Report, 85-25.
32. Murray, T., Stuart, G.W., Millar, P.J., Woodward, J., Smith, A.M., Porter, P.R., and Jiskoot, H., 2000, Glacier surge propagation by thermal evolution at the bed: J. Geophys. Res., 105, 13, 491-13, 507.
33. Paterson, W.S.B., 1994. The physics of glaciers, Pergamon, Oxford.
34. Peters, L.E., Anandakrishnan, S., Alley, R.B., Winberry, J.P., Voigt, D.E., Smith, A.M., and Morse, D.L., 2006, Subglacial sediments as a control on the onset and location of two Siple Coast ice streams, West Antarctica: J. Geophys. Res., 111, B01302, doi:10.1029/2005JB003766.
35. Peters, L.E., Anandakrishnan, S., Alley, R.B., and Smith, A.M., in press, Extensive storage of basal meltwater in the onset region of a major West Antarctic ice stream: Geology.
36. Porter, P.R., Murray, T., and Dowdeswell, J.A., 1997, Sediment deformation and basal dynamics beneath a glacier surge front: Bakaninbreen, Svalbard, Ann. Glaciol., 24, 21-26.
37. Raymond, C.R., Catania, G.A., Nereson, N., and van der Veen, C.J., 2006, Bed radar reflectivity across the north margin of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, and implications for margin processes: J. Glaciol., 52, 3-10.
38. Robin, G.de Q., 1958. Glaciology III, Seismic shooting and related investigations. Norw. Br. Swed. Antarct. Exped., 1949-51, Norsk Polarinstitut, Oslo, Norway, 5.
39. Roethlisberger, H., 1972. Seismic exploration in cold regions, CRREL Monogr. II-A 2a, Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, N.H.
40. Siegert, M.J., Hindmarsh, R., Corr, H., Smith, A., Woodward, J., King, E.C, Payne, A.J., and Joughin, I., 2004, Subglacial Lake Ellsworth: A candidate for in situ exploration in West Antarctica: Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23403, doi:10.1029/2004GL21477.
41. Smith, A.M., 1996, Ice shelf basal melting at the grounding line, measured from seismic observations: J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22, 749-22, 755.
42. Smith, A.M., 1997a, Basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, from seismic observations: J. Geophys. Res., 102, 543-552.
43. Smith, A.M., 1997b, Variations in basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: J. Glaciol., 43, 251-261.
44. Smith, A.M., 1998, Glaciological-geophysical investigations on Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet, 1997-98: in Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Programme Report No. 12, Oerter, H. (ed.), Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, bremerhaven, Germany, 77-84.
45. Smith, A.M., 2005. Exploring with explosions: Looking beneath the Antarctic ice sheet with seismic surveys, Explosives Engineering, Issue December 2005, The Institute of Explosives Engineers, Swindon, 13-15.
46. Smith, A.M., 2006, Microearthquakes and subglacial conditions: Geophys. Res. Lett, 33, L24501, doi:10.1029/2006GL028207.
47. Smith, A.M., Murray, T., Davison, B.M., Clough, A.F., Woodward, J., and Jiskoot, H., 2002, Late-surge glacial conditions on Bakaninbreen, Svalbard and implications for surge termination: J. Geophys. Res., 107, 2152, doi:10.1029/2001JB000475.
48. Smith, A.M., T. Murray, K.W. Nicholls, K. Makinson, G. Aöalgeirsdóttir, and A. Behar, 2007, Rapid erosion, drumlin formation and changing hydrology beneath an Antarctic ice stream: Geology, 35, 127-130, doi:10.1130/G23036.
49. Waters, K.H., 1978. Reflection seismology, Wiley, New York.
50. Vaughan, D.G., Smith, A.M., Nath, P.C., and LeMeur, E., 2003, Acoustic impedance and basal shear stress beneath four Antarctic ice streams: Ann. Glaciol., 36, 225-232.