The evolution of the management of regional lymph nodes in melanoma

Journal of Surgical Oncology

Volumn 96, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 316-321

  Landry, Christine S ^a   Mcmasters, Kelly M ^a   Scoggins, Charles R ^a  

^a University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

Lymphatic mapping; Metastasis; Sentinel lymph node

Indexed keywords

CANCER SURGERY; ELECTIVE SURGERY; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MELANOMA; MORBIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SURGICAL RISK; FEMALE; HEAD AND NECK TUMOR; LYMPH NODE; LYMPHADENECTOMY; MALE; METASTASIS; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKIN TUMOR;

FEMALE; HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; LYMPH NODE EXCISION; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MALE; MELANOMA; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SEX FACTORS; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 34848918223     PISSN: 00224790     EISSN: 10969098     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jso.20867     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures, 2006, 1-58.
2. Morton DL, Wanek L, Nizze JA, et al.: Improved long-term survival after lymphadenectomy of melanoma metastatic to regional nodes. Analysis of prognostic factors in 1134 patients from the John Wayne Cancer Clinic. Ann Surg 1991;214:491-499.
3. Neuhaus SJ, Clark MA, Thomas JM: Dr. Herbert Lumley Snow, MD, MRCS (1847-1930): The original champion of elective lymph node dissection in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:875-878.
4. Norris W: Eight Cases of Melanosis With Pathological and Therapeutic Remarks on That Disease. 1857; London, England, Longman, Brown, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
5. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Bartolucci AA, et al.: Efficacy of an elective regional lymph node dissection of 1 to 4 mm thick melanomas for patients 60 years of age and younger. Ann Surg 1996;224:255-263.
6. Balch CM, Soong S, Ross MI, et al.: Long-term results of a multi-institutional randomized trial comparing prognostic factors and surgical results for intermediate thickness melanomas (1.0 to 4.0 mm). Intergroup Melanoma Surgical Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:87-97.
7. Cascinelli N, Morabito A, Santinami M, et al.: Immediate or delayed dissection of regional nodes in patients with melanoma of the trunk: A randomised trial. WHO Melanoma Programme. Lancet 1998;351:793-796.
8. Veronesi U, Adamus J, Bandiera DC, et al.: Inefficacy of immediate node dissection in stage 1 melanoma of the limbs. N Engl J Med 1977;297:627-630.
9. Sim FH, Taylor WF, Ivins JC, et al.: A prospective randomized study of the efficacy of routine elective lymphadenectomy in management of malignant melanoma. Preliminary results. Cancer 1978;41:948-956.
10. Sim FH, Taylor WF, Pritchard DJ, et al.: Lymphadenectomy in the management of stage I malignant melanoma: A prospective randomized study. Mayo Clin Proc 1986;61:697-705.
11. Thompson JF, Stretch JR, Uren RF, et al.: Sentinel node biopsy for melanoma: Where have we been and where are we going? Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:147S-151S.
12. Robinson DS, Sample WF, Fee HJ, et al.: Regional lymphatic drainage in primary malignant melanoma of the trunk determined by colloidal gold scanning. Surg Forum 1977;28:147-148.
13. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al.: Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 1992;127:392-399.
14. Gershenwald JE, Thompson W, Mansfield PF, et al.: Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: The prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:976-983.
15. Gershenwald JE, Tseng CH, Thompson W, et al.: Improved sentinel lymph node localization in patients with primary melanoma with the use of radiolabeled colloid. Surgery 1998;124:203-210.
16. Morton DL, Cochran AJ, Thompson JF, et al.: Sentinel node biopsy for early-stage melanoma: Accuracy and morbidity in MSLT-I, an international multicenter trial. Ann Surg 2005;242:302-311.
17. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al.: Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1307-1317.
18. McMasters KM: The Sunbelt Melanoma Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:41S-43S.
19. McMasters KM, Reintgen DS, Ross MI, et al.: Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: How many radioactive nodes should be removed? Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:192-197.
20. McMasters KM, Noyes RD, Reintgen DS, et al.: Lessons learned from the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial. J Surg Oncol 2004;86:212-223.
21. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Gershenwald JE, et al.: Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: Validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3622-3634.
22. Chao C, Martin RC, Ross MI, et al.: Correlation between prognostic factors and increasing age in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:259-264.
23. Carlson GW, Murray DR, Hestley A, et al.: Sentinel lymph node mapping for thick (>or=4-mm) melanoma: Should we be doing it? Ann Surg Oncol 2003;10:408-415.
24. Scoggins CR, Ross MI, Reintgen DS, et al.: Gender-related differences in outcome for melanoma patients. Ann Surg 2006;243:693-698.
25. Essner R, Conforti A, Kelley MC, et al.: Efficacy of lymphatic mapping, sentinel lymphadenectomy, and selective complete lymph node dissection as a therapeutic procedure for early-stage melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 1999;6:442-449.
26. Clary BM, Brady MS, Lewis JJ, et al.: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma: Review of a large single-institutional experience with an emphasis on recurrence. Ann Surg 2001;233:250-258.
27. McMasters KM, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al.: Factors that predict the presence of sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with melanoma. Surgery 2001;130:151-156.
28. Joseph E, Brobeil A, Glass F, et al.: Results of complete lymph node dissection in 83 melanoma patients with positive sentinel nodes. Ann Surg Oncol 1998;5:119-125.
29. Haddad FF, Stall A, Messina J, et al: The progression of melanoma nodal metastasis is dependent on tumor thickness of the primary lesion. Ann Surg Oncol 1999;6:144-149.
30. McMasters KM, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al.: Frequency of nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2002;9:137-141.
31. Uren RF, Howman-Giles RB, Shaw HM, et al.: Lymphoscintigraphy in high-risk melanoma of the trunk: Predicting draining node groups, defining lymphatic channels and locating the sentinel node. J Nucl Med 1993;34:1435-1440.
32. Uren RF, Howman-Giles R, Thompson JF, et al.: Interval nodes: The forgotten sentinel nodes in patients with melanoma. Arch Surg 2000;135:1168-1172.
33. Uren RF, Thompson JF, Howman-Giles R, et al.: The role of lymphoscintigraphy in the detection of lymph node drainage in melanoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2006;15:285-300.
34. McMasters KM, Chao C, Wong SL, et al.: Interval sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma. Arch Surg 2002;137:543-547.
35. Morton DL, Wen DR, Foshag LJ, et al.: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selective cervical lymphadenectomy for early-stage melanomas of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1751-1756.
36. Chao C, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al.: Sentinel lymph node biopsy for head and neck melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2003;10: 21-26.
37. Wrightson WR, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al.: Complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2003;10:676-680.