Primaries vs. quotas: Gender and candidate nominations in Mexico, 2003

Latin American Politics and Society

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 69-96

  Baldez, Lisa ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTORAL SYSTEM; GENDER ISSUE; REFORM PROCESS; WOMENS STATUS;

MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA]; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 34848891468     PISSN: 1531426X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/lap.2007.0027     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Aragón, Hortensia. 2002. PRD Deputy. Author interview. Mexico City, July 15.
2. Baldez, Lisa. 2004. Elected Bodies: The Gender Quota Law for Legislative Candidates in Mexico. Legislative Studies Quarterly 29, 2: 231-58.
3. Baldez, Lisa. Forthcoming. Gender Quotas in Mexico. in ¿Han funcionado las cuotas en América Latina? El impacto de la representación política de las mujeres, ed. Marcela Rios. Santiago: FLACSO.
4. Barreda, Mikel. 2004. La democracia interna de los partidos: un desafío, del desarrollo en América Latina. Gobernanza: Revista Internacional Para el Desarrollo Humano. Accessed April 6, 2006.
5. Bruhn, Kathleen. 2003. Whores and Lesbians: Political Activism, Party Strategies, and Gender Quotas in Mexico. Electoral Studies 22: 101-19.
6. Bruhn, Kathleen. 2004. The Making of the Mexican President, 2000: Parties, Candidates, and Campaign Strategy. In Domínguez and Lawson 2004. 123-56.
7. Camp, Roderic Ai. 2004. Citizen Attitudes Toward Democracy and Vicente Fox's Victory in 2000. In Domínguez and Lawson 2004. 25-46.
8. Cárdenas García, Jaime Fernando. 1992. Crisis de legitimidad y democracia interna de los partidos políticos. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
9. Carey, John M., and John Polga-Hecimovich. 2006. Primary Elections and Candidate Strength in Latin America. Journal of Politics 68, 3: 530-43.
10. Carranza Aguayo, Marta Laura, and Roberto Ortiz Vega. 2002. Staff members, Instituto Nacional de la Mujer. Author interview. Mexico City, July 18.
11. Crocker, Adriana. 2003. Women and Political Participation Through Quotas: The Case of Argentina. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 28-31.
12. Dahlerup, Drude. 2003. Quotas as a "Fast Track" to Equal Political Representation for Women. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 28-31.
13. Dahlerup, Drude, ed. 2006. Women, Quotas and Politics. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
14. De Luca, Miguel, Mark P. Jones, and María Inés Tula. 2002. Back Rooms or Ballot Boxes? Candidate Nomination in Argentina. Comparative Political Studies 35, 4: 413-36.
15. De Remes, Alain. 2006. Democratization and Dispersion of Power: New Scenarios in Mexican Federalism. Mexican Studies/Studios Mexicanos 22, 1: 175-204.
16. Domínguez, Jorge I., and Chappell Lawson, eds, 2004. Mexico's Pivotal Democratic Election. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
17. Eisenstadt, Todd A. 2004. Courting Democracy in Mexico: Party Strategies and Electoral Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. González, Concepción. 2002. PRI Deputy; Chair, Gender and Equity Committee, Chamber of Deputies. Author interview. Mexico City, July 17.
19. González, María de la Luz. 2006. Rechazan ley de cuotas en Sinaloa. Cimacnoticias.com. Accessed April 26, 2006.
20. Gray, Tricia. 2003. Electoral Gender Quotas: Lessons from Argentina and Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research 22, 1: 52-78.
21. Grayson, George W. 2003. Beyond the Mid-term Elections: Mexico's Political Outlook, 2003-2006. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Accessed March 25, 2004.
22. Htun, Mala. 2004. Is Gender Like Ethnicity? The Political Representation of Identity Groups. Perspectives on Politics 2, 3: 4-24.
23. Htun, Mala, and Mark P. Jones. 2002. Engendering the Right to Participate in Decision-Making: Electoral Quotas and Women's Leadership in Latin America. In Gender, Rights and Justice in Latin America, ed. Nikki Craske and Maxine Molyneux. London: Palgrave. 69-93.
24. Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE). 2002. Orden del Día, Consejo General, Sesión Especial. December 18. Accessed July 20, 2004.
25. Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE). 2003a. Orden del Día, Consejo General, Sesión Especial. April 18. Accessed August 20, 2003.
26. Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE). 2003b. Orden del Día, Consejo General, Sesión Especial. May 3. Accessed August 20, 2003.
27. Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE). 2004. Codigo Federal de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (COFIPE). Accessed August 31, 2004.
28. International IDEA. 2004. Global Database of Quotas for Women. IDEA International and Stockholm University. Accessed September 15, 2004.
29. International IDEA. 2006. Global Database of Quotas for Women. International IDEA and Stockholm University. Accessed April 26, 2006.
30. Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). 2004. Women in National Parliaments. Available from Accessed September 15, 2004.
31. Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). 2006. Women in National Parliaments. Accessed April 27, 2006.
32. Jenson, Jane, and Celia Valiente. 2003. Comparing Two Movements for Gender Parity: France and Spain. In Women's Movements Facing the Reconfigured State, ed. Lee Ann Banaszak, Karen Beckwith, and Dieter Rucht. New York: Cambridge University Press. 69-93.
33. Jones, Mark P. 1996. Increasing Women's Representation via Gender Quotas: The Argentine Ley de Cupos. Women and Politics 16, 4: 75-97.
34. Jones, Mark P. 1998. Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women: Lessons from the Argentine Provinces. Comparative Political Studies 31, 1: 3-21.
35. Jones, Mark P. 2004. Quota Legislation and the Election of Women: Learning from the Costa Rican Experience. Journal of Politics 66, 4: 1203-23.
36. Jones, Mark P., and Patricio Navia. 1999. Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women: Assessing the Effectiveness of Quotas in Open List Proportional Electoral Systems. Social Science Quarterly 80, 2: 341-55.
37. Klesner, Joseph L. 2004. The Structure of the Mexican Electorate: Social, Attitudinal, and Partisan Bases of Vincente Fox's Victory. In Domínguez and Lawson 2004. 91-122.
38. Krook, Mona Lena. 2003. Candidate Gender Quotas: A Framework for Analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, August 28-31.
39. Langston, Joy. 2001. Why Rules Matter: Changes in Candidate Selection in Mexico's PRI, 1988-2000. Journal of Latin American Studies 33, 3: 485-512.
40. Langston, Joy 2003. Rising from the Ashes? Reorganizing and Unifying the PRI's State Party Organizations After Electoral Defeat. Comparative Political Studies 36, 3: 293-318.
41. Langston, Joy. 2006. The Changing Party of the Institutional Revolution: Electoral Competition and Decentralized Candidate Selection. Party Politics 12, 3: 395-413.
42. Lara Rivera, Jorge Alberto. 2006. La organización y los procesos en el Partido Acción Nacional. In Partidos políticos: democracia interna y financiamiento de precampañas. Memoria del VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Derecho Constitucional, ed. María del Pilar Hernández. Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM. Accessed April 26, 2006.
43. Loaeza, Soledad. 1999. El Partido Acción Nacional, la larga marcha, 1939-1994. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
44. Maya, Rafael, 2003a. Avalan mujeres del PRI seleccíon de candidatos. Cimacnoticias. com, May 5.
45. Maya, Rafael, 2003b. Nuevamente excluida la mujer en las candidaturas. Cimacnoticias.com, April 29.
46. Maya, Rafael, 2003c. Paridad representativa, compromiso del Parlamento de Mujeres. Cimacnoticias.com, March 14.
47. Maya, Rafael, 2003d. Resistencia en el PRI, PAN y PRD a cuota de género. Cimacnoticias.com, March 11.
48. McCann, James. 2004. Primary Priming. In Domínguez and Lawson 2004. 157-86.
49. McElroy, Wendy. 2001. Boss Tweed Feminism. ifeminists. Accessed April 25, 2006.
50. Ochoa, Jorge Octavio. 2003. Exigen mujeres militantes sus derechos políticos. El Universal (Mexico City), March 6.
51. Peschard, Jacqueline. 2002. The Quota System in Latin America: General Panorama. Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers. Accessed August 8, 2004.
52. Peschard, Jacqueline. 2006. Control over Party and Campaign Finance in Mexico. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 22, 1: 83-106.
53. Peschard, Jacqueline. 2003. IFE Councilor. Author interview. Mexico City, May 28.
54. Peschard-Sverdrup, Armand. 2003. Mexico Alert: July 6, 2003, Midterm Elections Preelection Analysis. Hemispbere Focus 2003. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. Accessed April 20, 2004.
55. Poiré, Alejandro. 2002. Bounded Ambitions. Party Nominations, Discipline, and Defection: Mexico's PRI in Comparative Perspective. Ph.D. diss., Department of Government, Harvard University.
56. República de México. Honorable Cámara de Diputados. 2006. Lista de diputados por grupos parlamentario. Accessed July 13, 2006.
57. Rodríguez, Victoria E. 1998. Women's Participation in Mexican Political Life. Boulder: Westview Press.
58. Rodríguez, Victoria E. 2003. Women in Contemporary Mexican Politics. Austin: University of Texas Press.
59. Sansores, Aurora. 2006. Acata PRI estatuto y otorga mitad de "suplencias" a mujeres. Cimacnoticias.com. Accessed April 28, 2006.
60. Schmidt, Gregory D., and Kyle L. Saunders. 2004. Effective Quotas, Relative Party Magnitude, and the Success of Female Candidates: Peruvian Municipal Elections in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Political Studies 37, 6: 704-34.
61. Starr, Pamela K. 2003. The Mexican Mid-Term Elections. Focalpoint: Spotlight on the Americas. Accessed July 27, 2003.
62. Stevenson, Linda S. 1999. Gender Politics in the Mexican Democratization Process: Electing Women and Legislating Sex Crimes and Affirmative Action, 1988-97. In Toward Mexico's Democratization: Parties, Campaigns, Elections, and Public Opinion, ed. Jorge I. Domínguez and Alejandro Poiré. New York: Routledge. 57-87.
63. Stevenson, Linda S. 2000. Gender Politics and Policy Process in Mexico, 1968-2000: Symbolic Gains for Women in an Emerging Democracy. Ph.D. diss., Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh.
64. Stevenson, Linda S. 2001. Gender Politics and Policy Process in Mexico, 1974-2001. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 29-September 2.
65. Woldenberg, José. 1999. Mujeres y elecciones: el nuevo clima de la participación. Debate Feminista año 10, vol. 19 (April).
66. Wuhs, Steven T. 2006. Democratization and the Dynamics of Candidate Selection Rule Change in Mexico, 1991-2003. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 22, 1: 33-56.