Kinematic changes during a 100-m front crawl: Effects of performance level and gender

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 39, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1784-1793

  Seifert, Ludovic ^a,c   Chollet, Didier ^a   Chatard, Jean Claude ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ JEAN MONNET   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ROUEN   (France)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Motor control; Race analyses; Swimming

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CALCULATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COORDINATION; FEMALE; FRONT CRAWL; GENDER; HUMAN; KINEMATICS; MALE; MOTOR CONTROL; NORMAL HUMAN; PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; STROKE LENGTH; STROKE RATE; SWIMMING; VELOCITY; VIDEORECORDING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARM; BIOMECHANICS; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FRANCE; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; LEG; MALE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SEX FACTORS; SWIMMING; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 34848883685     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180f62f38     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. ALBERTY, M., M. SIDNEY, F. HUOT-MARCHAND, J. M. HESPEL, and P. PELAYO. Intracyclic velocity variations and arm coordination during exhaustive exercise in front crawl stroke. Int. J. Sports Med. 26:471-475, 2005.
2. ARELLANO, R., P. BROWN, J. CAPPAERT, and R. C. NELSON. Analysis of 50, 100 and 200-m freestyle swimmers at the 1992 Olympic games. J. Appl. Biomech. 10:189-199, 1994.
3. CHATARD, J. C., C. COLLOMP, E. MAGLISCHO, and C. MAGLISCHO. Swimming skill and stroking characteristics of front crawl swimmers. Int. J. Sports Med. 11:156-161, 1990.
4. CHOLLET, D., S. CHALIES, and J. C. CHATARD. A new index of coordination for the crawl: description and usefulness. Int. J. Sports Med. 21:54-59, 2000.
5. CHOLLET, D., P. PELAYO, C. DELAPLACE, C. TOURNY, and M. SIDNEY. Stroking characteristic variations in the 100 m freestyle for male swimmers of different skill. Percept. Mot. Skills 85:167-177, 1997.
6. COUNSILMAN, J. Hand speed and acceleration. Swim Tech. 18:22-26, 1981.
7. CRAIG, A. B., P. L. SKEHAN, J. A. PAWELCZYK, and W. L. BOOMER. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 17:625-634, 1985.
8. DALY, D. J., S. K. DJOBOVA, L. A. MALONE, Y. VANLANDEWIJCK, and R. D. STEADWARD. Swimming speed patterns and stroking variables in the Paralympic 100-m freestyle. Adapt. Phys. Activ. Q. 20:260-278, 2003.
9. DESCHODT, V. J., L. M. ARSAC, and A. H. ROUARD. Relative contribution of arms and legs in humans to propulsion in 25 m sprint front crawl swimming. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 80:192-199, 1999.
10. GRIMSTON, S. K., and J. G. HAY. Relationships among anthropometric and stroking characteristics of college swimmers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 18:60-68, 1986.
11. KESKINEN, K. L., and P. V. KOMI. Effect of leg action on stroke performance in swimming. In: Swimming Science VI, D. MacLaren, T. Reilly, and A. Less (Eds.). London, UK: E & FN SPON, 1992, pp. 251-255.
12. KESKINEN, K. L., and P. V. KOMI. Stroking characteristics of front crawl swimming during exercise. J. Appl. Biomech. 9:219-226, 1993.
13. KOLMOGOROV, S. V., O. A. RUMYANTSEVA, B. J. GORDON, and J. M. CAPPAERT. Hydrodynamic characteristics of competitive swimmers of different genders and performance levels. J. Appl. Biomech. 13:88-97, 1997.
14. LERDA, R., and C. CARDELLI. Breathing and propelling in crawl as a function of skill and swim velocity. Int. J. Sports Med. 24:75-80, 2003.
15. LETZELTER, H., and W. FREITAG. Stroke length and stroke frequency variations in men's and women's 100 m freestyle swimming. In: Swimming Science IV, A. P. Hollander, P. A. Huijing, and G. de Groot (Eds.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1983, pp. 315-322.
16. MILLET, G. P., D. CHOLLET, S. CHALIES, and J. C. CHATARD. Coordination in front crawl in elite triathletes and elite swimmers. Int. J. Sports Med. 23:99-104, 2002.
17. PAI, Y. C., J. G. HAY, and B. D. WILSON. Stroking techniques of elite swimmers. J. Sports Sci. 2:225-239, 1984.
18. PELAYO, P., M. SIDNEY, T. KHERIF, D. CHOLLET, and C. TOURNY. Stroking characteristics in freestyle swimming and relationships with anthropometric characteristics. J. Appl. Biomech. 12:197-206, 1996.
19. PERSYN, U., D. DALY, H. VERVAECKE, L. VAN TILBORGH, and H. VERHETSEL. Profiles of competitors using different patterns in front crawl events. In: Swimming Science IV, A. P. Hollander, P. A. Huijing, and G. de Groot (Eds.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1983, pp. 323-328.
20. SATKUNSKIENE, D., L. SCHEGA, K. KUNZE, K. BIRZINYTE, and D. J. DALY. Coordination in arm movements during crawl stroke in elite swimmers with a loco-motor disability. Hum. Mov. Sci. 24:54-65, 2005.
21. SCHLEIHAUF, R. E., J. R. HIGGINS, R. HINRICKS, et al. Propulsive techniques: front crawl stroke, butterfly, backstroke and breaststroke. In: Swimming Science V, B. E. Ungerechts, K. Wilke, and K. Reischle (Eds.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1988, pp. 53-59.
22. SEIFERT, L., L. BOULESTEIX, M. CARTER, and D. CHOLLET. The spatial-temporal and coordinative structure in elite men 100-m front crawl swimmers. Int. J. Sports Med. 26:286-293, 2005.
23. SEIFERT, L., L. BOULESTEIX, and D. CHOLLET. Effect of gender on the adaptation of arm coordination in front crawl. Int. J. Sports Med. 25:217-223, 2004.
24. SEIFERT, L., D. CHOLLET, and A. ROUARD. Swimming constraints and arm coordination. Hum. Mov. Sci. 26:68-86, 2007.
25. SHARP, R. L., J. P. TROUP, and D. L. COSTILL. Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 14:53-56, 1982.
26. SIDNEY, M., B. DELHAYE, M. BAILLON, and P. PELAYO. Stroke frequency evolution during 100 m and 200 m events front crawl swimming. In: Swimming Science VIII, K. L. Keskinen, P. V. Komi, and A. P. Hollander (Eds.). Jyvaskyla, Finland: University of Jyvaskyla, 1999, pp. 71-75.
27. TOUSSAINT, H. M., and P. J. BEEK. Biomechanics of competitive front crawl swimming. Sports Med. 13:8-24, 1992.
28. TOUSSAINT, H. M., A. CAROL, H. KRANENBORG, and M. TRUIJENS. Effect of fatigue on stroking characteristics in an arms-only 100-m front-crawl race. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38:1635-1642, 2006.
29. TOUSSAINT, H. M., A. P. HOLLANDER, C. VAN DEN BERG, and A. VORONTSOV. Biomechanics of swimming. In: Exercise and Sport Science, W. E. Garrett and D. J. Kirkendall (Eds.). Philadeplphia, PA: Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 2000, pp. 639-660.
30. WAKAYOSHI, K., L. J. D'ACQUISTO, J. M. CAPPAERT, and J. P. TROUP. Relationship between oxygen uptake, stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming. Int. J. Sports Med. 16:19-23, 1995.