Quality indicators for the care of depression in vulnerable elders

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 55, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2007, Pages

  Nakajima, Gene A ^a   Wenger, Neil S ^b,c  

^a Center for Special Problems   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Depression; Quality of care; Suicide

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; DESIPRAMINE; DOSULEPIN; DOXEPIN; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; MOCLOBEMIDE; NORTRIPTYLINE; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SULPIRIDE; TRANQUILIZER; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; TRIMIPRAMINE; VENLAFAXINE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANXIETY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTIPATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIARRHEA; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DYSTHYMIA; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; MAJOR DEPRESSION; META ANALYSIS; MONOTHERAPY; NAUSEA; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PERSONALITY DISORDER; REVIEW; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; SYMPTOM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; URINARY DYSFUNCTION; XEROSTOMIA;

AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, PSYCHOTIC; AGED; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; DRUG INTERACTIONS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FRAIL ELDERLY; HUMANS; NURSING HOMES; PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); QUALITY INDICATORS, HEALTH CARE; SUICIDE;

EID: 34848882196     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01336.x     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Depression Guidelines Panel. Depression in Primary Care: Volume 1, Detection and Diagnosis. Clinical Practice Guideline, No. 5. Rockville, MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1993.
2. Berto P, D'Ilario D, Ruffo P et al. Depression: Cost-of-illness studies in the international literature, a review. J Ment Health Policy Econ 2000 3 : 3 10.
3. Greenberg PE, Stiglin LE, Finkelstein SN et al. The economic burden of depression in 1990. J Clin Psychiatry 1993 54 : 405 418.
4. Depression Guidelines Panel. Depression in Primary Care: Volume 2. Clinical Practice Guideline, No. 5. Rockville, MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1993.
5. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
6. Wells KB, Sturm R, Sherbourne CD et al. Caring for Depression. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1996.
7. Broadhead WE, Blazer DG, George LK et al. Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey. JAMA 1990 264 : 2524 2528.
8. Lyness JM, Heo M, Datto CJ et al. Outcomes of minor and subsyndromal depression among elderly patients in primary care settings. Ann Intern Med 2006 144 : 496 504.
9. Hybels CF, Blazer DG, Pieper CF. Toward a threshold for subthreshold depression: An analysis of correlates of depression by severity of symptoms using data from an elderly community sample. Gerontologist 2001 41 : 357 365.
10. Kumar A, Jin Z, Bilker W et al. Late-onset minor and major depression: Early evidence for common neuroanatomical substrates detected by using MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 95 : 7654 7658.
11. Wells K, Sherbourne C, Duan N et al. Quality improvement for depression in primary car: Do patients with subthreshold depression benefit in the long run? Am J Psychiatry 2005 162 : 1149 1157.
12. Judd LL, Rapaport MH, Yonkers KA et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine for acute treatment of minor depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004 161 : 1864 1871.
13. Pinquart M, Duberstein PR, Lyness JM. Treatments for later-life depressive conditions: A meta-analytic comparison of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatry 2006 163 : 1493 1501.
14. Pignone M, Gaynes BN, Rushton JL et al. Screening for Depression (AHRQ Publication no. 02-S002). Rockville, MD : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002.
15. Muller-Thomsen T, Arlt S, Mann U et al. Detecting depression in Alzheimer's disease: Evaluation of four different scales. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2005 20 : 271 276.
16. Schreiner AS, Hayakawa H, Morimoto T et al. Screening for late life depression: Cut-off scores for the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Cornell Scale for depression in dementia among Japanese subjects. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003 18 : 498 505.
17. Pignone MP, Gaynes BN, Rushton JL et al. Screening for depression in adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med 2002 136 : 765 776.
18. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of 169 Interventions. Report of the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force. Baltimore, MD : William & Wilkins, 1989.
19. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. Report of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Baltimore, MD : Williams and Wilkins, 1996.
20. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Screening for Depression: Recommendations and Rationale. Rockville, MD : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2002.
21. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Screening for Depression [on-line], May 2002. Available at Accessed January 2006.
22. MacMillan HL, Patterson CJ, Wathen CN et al. Screening for depression in primary care: Recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Can Med Assoc J 2005 172 : 33 35.
23. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Depression. Management of Depression in Primary and Secondary Care. London, UK : National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2004.
24. Snow AL, Kunik ME, Molinari VA et al. Accuracy of self-reported depression in persons with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005 53 : 389 396.
25. Rovner BW, German PS, Brant LJ et al. Depression and mortality in nursing homes. JAMA 1991 265 : 993 996.
26. Pot AM, Deeg DJ, Twisk JW et al. The longitudinal relationship between the use of long-term care and depressive symptoms in older adults. Gerontologist 2005 45 : 359 369.
27. Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E et al. Collaborative management to achieve treatment guidelines. Impact on depression in primary care. JAMA 1995 273 : 1026 1031.
28. Pharmacotherapy Companion to the Depression Clinical Practice Guideline. Clinical Practice Guideline. Columbia, MD : American Medical Directors Association, American Health Care Association, 1998.
29. Practice guideline for major depressive disorder in adults. American Psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry 1993 150 (4 Suppl) : 1 26.
30. Depressive Disorders. Reference Guide 3, 9th Ed. Lexington, KY : American Board of Family Practice, 2002.
31. Depression. Clinical Practice Guideline. Columbia, MD : American Medical Directors Association, 2003.
32. VHA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Inpatient Care [on-line]. Available at Accessed July 4, 2007. Columbia, MD: Veterans Health Administration and Department of Defense, 2001.
33. Major Depression in Adults for Mental Health Care. Bloomington, MN : Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, 2004.
34. Flint AJ, Rifat SL. Two-year outcome of psychotic depression in late life. Am J Psychiatry 1998 155 : 178 183.
35. Flint AJ, Rifat SL. The treatment of psychotic depression in later life: A comparison of pharmacotherapy and ECT. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998 13 : 23 28.
36. Petrides G, Fink M, Husain MM et al. ECT remission rates in psychotic versus nonpsychotic depressed patients: A report from CORE. J ECT 2001 17 : 244 253.
37. O'Neal BL, Smith CL, Trivedi M. Evaluation of newer treatment interventions for psychotic depression. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2000 2 : 305 309.
38. Bruce ML, Ten Have TR, Reynolds CF et al. Reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in depressed older primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004 291 : 1081 1091.
39. Pfaff JJ, Almeida OP. Detecting suicidal ideation in older patients: identifying risk factors within the general practice setting. Br J Gen Pract 2005 55 : 269 273.
40. Szanto K, Mulsant BH, Houck P et al. Occurrence and course of suicidality during short-term treatment of late-life depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003 60 : 610 617.
41. Depressive Disorders, Reference Guide. Lexington, KY : American Board of Family Practice, 2005.
42. Kachur SP, Potter LB, James SP et al. Suicide in the United States, 1980-1992. Violence Surveillance Summary Series, No.1. [on-line], 1995. Available at Accessed August 5, 2006.
43. Shenassa ED, Catlin SN, Buka SL. Lethality of firearms relative to other suicide methods: A population based study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003 57 : 120 124.
44. Miller M, Azrael D, Hepburn L et al. The association between changes in household firearm ownership and rates of suicide in the United States, 1981-2002. Inj Prev 2006 12 : 178 182.
45. Miller M, Hemenway D, Azrael D. Firearms and suicide in the northeast. J Trauma 2004 57 : 626 632.
46. Oslin DW, Zubritsky C, Brown G et al. Managing suicide risk in late life: Access to firearms as a public health risk. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004 12 : 30 36.
47. Shenassa ED, Rogers ML, Spalding KL et al. Safer storage of firearms at home and risk of suicide: A study of protective factors in a nationally representative sample. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004 58 : 841 848.
48. Sherman ME, Burns K, Ignelzi J et al. Firearms risk management in psychiatric care. Psychiatr Serv 2001 52 : 1057 1061.
49. Hodkinson HM, Denham MJ. Thyroid function tests in the elderly in the community. Age Ageing 1977 6 : 67 70.
50. Veterans Health Administration, Department of Defense. VHA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults: Primary Care [on-line]. Available at Accessed July 4, 2007.
51. Roberts LM, Pattison H, Roalfe A et al. Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction? Ann Intern Med 2006 145 : 573 581.
52. Fraser SA, Kroenke K, Callahan CM et al. Low yield of thyroid-stimulating hormone testing in elderly patients with depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004 26 : 302 309.
53. Mulrow CD, Williams JW Jr., Trivedi M et al. Treatment of Depression - Newer Pharmacotherapies. (Publication no. 99-E014). Rockville, MD : Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1999.
54. Schulberg HC, Katon W, Simon GE et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice: An update of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guidelines. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998 55 : 1121 1127.
55. Devanand DP, Nobler MS, Cheng J et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine treatment for elderly patients with dysthymic disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005 13 : 59 68.
56. Roose SP, Sackeim HA, Krishnan KR et al. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression in the very old: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2004 161 : 2050 2059.
57. Unutzer J, Katon W, Callahan CM et al. Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002 288 : 2836 2845.
58. de Mello MF, de Jesus Mari J, Bacaltchuk J et al. A systematic review of research findings on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy for depressive disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005 255 : 75 82.
59. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
60. Fochtmann LJ, Gelenberg AJ. Guideline watch: practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder, 2nd Ed. Focus 2005 3 : 34 42.
61. Mather AS, Rodriguez C, Guthrie MF et al. Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in older adults with poorly responsive depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2002 180 : 411 415.
62. Babyak M, Blumenthal JA, Herman S et al. Exercise treatment for major depression: Maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosom Med 2000 62 : 633 638.
63. Singh NA, Stavrinos TM, Scarbek Y et al. A randomized controlled trial of high versus low intensity weight training versus general practitioner care for clinical depression in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005 606A : M768 M776.
64. Lawlor DA, Hopker SW. The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2001 322 : 763 767.
65. Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2003 361 : 799 808.
66. Turvey CL, Carney C, Arndt S et al. Conjugal loss and syndromal depression in a sample of elders aged 70 years or older. Am J Psychiatry 1999 156 : 1596 1601.
67. Chen JH, Bierhals AJ, Prigerson HG et al. Gender differences in the effects of bereavement-related psychological distress in health outcomes. Psychol Med 1999 29 : 367 380.
68. Arean PA, Hegel MT, Reynolds CF. Treating depression in older medical patients with psychotherapy. J Clin Geropsychol 2001 7 : 93 104.
69. Gum AM, Arean PA, Hunkeler E et al. Depression treatment preferences in older primary care patients. Gerontologist 2006 46 : 14 22.
70. Snow V, Lascher S, Mottur-Pilson C. Pharmacologic treatment of acute major depression and dysthymia. American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med 2000 132 : 738 742.
71. Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Nebes R et al. A twelve-week, double-blind, randomized comparison of nortriptyline and paroxetine in older depressed inpatients and outpatients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001 9 : 406 414.
72. Bondareff W, Alpert M, Friedhoff AJ et al. Comparison of sertraline and nortriptyline in the treatment of major depressive disorder in late life. Am J Psychiatry 2000 157 : 729 736.
73. Navarro V, Gasto C, Torres X et al. Citalopram versus nortriptyline in late-life depression: A 12-week randomized single-blind study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001 103 : 435 404.
74. Simon GE, VonKorff M, Heiligenstein JH et al. Initial antidepressant choice in primary care. Effectiveness and cost of fluoxetine vs tricyclic antidepressants. JAMA 1996 275 : 1897 1902.
75. Sclar DA, Robison LM, Skaer TL et al. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy: Economic outcomes in a health maintenance organization. Clin Ther 1994 16 : 715 730 discussion 74.
76. Katzelnick DJ, Kobak KA, Jefferson JW et al. Prescribing patterns of antidepressant medications for depression in a HMO. Formulary 1996 31 : 374 383.
77. NIMH/NIH Consensus Development Conference statement. Mood disorders: Pharmacologic prevention of recurrences. Consensus development panel. Am J Psychiatry 1985 142 : 469 476.
78. Satel SL, Nelson JC. Stimulants in the treatment of depression: A critical overview. J Clin Psychiatry 1989 50 : 241 249.
79. Spiker DG, Weiss JC, Dealy RS et al. The pharmacological treatment of delusional depression. Am J Psychiatry 1985 142 : 430 436.
80. Rothschild AJ, Williamson DJ, Tohen MF et al. A double-blind, randomized study of olanzapine and olanzapine/fluoxetine combination for major depression with psychotic features. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004 24 : 365 373.
81. Alexopoulos GS, Streim J, Carpenter D et al. Using antipsychotic agents in older patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004 65 (Suppl 2) : 5 99 discussion 100-102; quiz 103-104.
82. Physician's Desk Reference, 52nd Ed. Montvale, NJ : Medical Economics, 1998.
83. Wells KB, Sherbourne C, Schoenbaum M et al. Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000 283 : 212 220.
84. Katzelnick DJ, Simon GE, Pearson SD et al. Randomized trial of a depression management program in high utilizers of medical care. Arch Fam Med 2000 9 : 345 351.
85. Lin EH, Katon W, Von Korff M et al. Effect of improving depression care on pain and functional outcomes among older adults with arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003 290 : 2428 2429.
86. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Kopp A et al. The risk of suicide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the elderly. Am J Psychiatry 2006 163 : 813 821.
87. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Klerman GL et al. Low levels and lack of predictors of somatotherapy and psychotherapy received by depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986 43 : 458 466.
88. Simon GE, VonKorff M, Wagner EH et al. Patterns of antidepressant use in community practice. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993 15 : 399 408.
89. Quitkin FM, Rabkin JG, Ross D et al. Identification of true drug response to antidepressants. Use of pattern analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984 41 : 782 786.
90. Rush AJ, Crismon ML, Toprac MG et al. Consensus guidelines in the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1998 59 (Suppl 20) : 73 84.
91. Gildengers AG, Houck PR, Mulsant BH et al. Course and rate of antidepressant response in the very old. J Affect Disord 2002 69 : 177 184.
92. Schulberg HC, Block MR, Madonia MJ et al. Treating major depression in primary care practice. Eight-month clinical outcomes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996 53 : 913 919.
93. Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Crismon ML et al. Clinical results for patients with major depressive disorder in the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004 61 : 669 680.
94. Callahan CM, Kroenke K, Counsell SR et al. Treatment of depression improves physical functioning in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005 53 : 367 373.
95. FY2005 VHA Performance Measures Technical Manual. Measure 15: Mental Health. Washington, DC : Office of Quality and Performance, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, 2005.
96. Antidepressant Medication Management. HEDIS 2005 Technical Specifications. Washington, DC : National Committee for Quality Assurance, 2004.
97. Major Depressive Disorder Guidelines Workgroup. Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in Primary Care Adult Outpatients. Oakland, CA : Kaiser Permanente, Care Management Institute, 2004.
98. Maj M, Veltro F, Pirozzi R et al. Pattern of recurrence of illness after recovery from an episode of major depression: A prospective study. Am J Psychiatry 1992 149 : 795 800.
99. Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E et al. Population-based care of depression: Effective disease management strategies to decrease prevalence. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1997 19 : 169 178.
100. Reynolds CF, Dew MA, Pollock BG et al. Maintenance treatment of major depression in old age. N Engl J Med 2006 354 : 1130 1138.
101. Reynolds CF, Frank E, Perel JM et al. Nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance therapies for recurrent major depression: A randomized controlled trial in patients older than 59 years. JAMA 1999 281 : 39 5.
102. Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Perel JM et al. Three-year outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990 47 : 1093 1099.