Background, offence characteristics, and criminal outcomes of aboriginal youth who sexually offend: A closer look at aboriginal youth intervention needs

Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 257-283

  Rojas, Erika Y ^a   Gretton, Heather M ^a  

^a Youth Forensic Psychiatric Services   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aboriginal offenders; Adolescent offenders; Recidivism; Sex offenders

Indexed keywords

EID: 34848858513     PISSN: 10790632     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11194-007-9048-1     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author [DSM-IV-TR].
2. Awad, G. A., & Saunders, E. B. (1989). Adolescent child molesters: Clinical observations. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 19, 195-206.
3. Becker, J. V., Kaplan, M. S., Cunningham-Rathner, J., & Kavoussi, R. (1986). Characteristics of adolescent incest sexual perpetrators: Preliminary findings. Journal of Family Violence, 1, 85-97.
4. Boe, R. E. (2000). Aboriginal inmates: Demographic trends and projections. Forum on Corrections Research, 12(1), 7-9.
5. Boland, F., Duwyn, M., & Serin, R. (2000). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Understanding its impact. Forum on Corrections Research, 12(1), 16-18.
6. Bonta, J. (1995). The responsivity principle and offender rehabilitation. Forum on Corrections Research, 7(3), 34-47.
7. Bourgon, G., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2004). Canadian multi-site investigation of specialized services for sexual abusive adolescents (interim report). Canada: Network for Research on Crime and Justice.
8. CBC (2000). Officials struggle to stop gas-sniffing children. CBC News (December 12). Retrieved July 17, 2006, from http://www.cbc.ca.
9. Cicchetti, D. V., & Feinstein, A. R. (1990). High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 43, 551-558.
10. Cicchetti, D., Bronen, R., Spencer, S., Haut, S., Berg, A., Oliver, P., et al. (2006). Rating scales, scales of measurement, issues of reliability: Resolving some critical issues for clinicians and researchers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 557-564.
11. Corrado, R. R., & Cohen, I. M. (2002). A needs profile of serious and/or violent Aboriginal youth in prison. Forum on Corrections Research, 14(3). Ottawa, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.
12. Dowden, C. (2003). The effectiveness of substance abuse treatment with young offenders. Ottawa, ON: Department of Justice Canada.
13. Doyle, A. B., Moretti, M. M., Voss, K., & Margolese, S. K. (2000). Attachment to parents and adjustment in adolescence: Literature review and policy implications (Report to Childhood and Youth Division Health Canada no. H39-558/2000E). Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada.
14. Eggertson, L. (2006). Safe drinking water standards for First Nations communities [Electronic version]. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(9), 1248.
15. Ellerby, L. A., & Ellerby, J. H. (1998). Understanding and evaluating the role of elders and traditional healing in sex offender treatment for Aboriginal offenders. Ottawa, ON: Solicitor General Canada. Aboriginal Corrections Policy Unit, Aboriginal Peoples Collection. Technical Series no. 18.
16. Ellerby, L. A., & MacPherson, P. (2002). Exploring the profiles of Aboriginal sexual offenders: Contrasting Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal sexual offenders to determine unique client characteristics and potential implications for sex offender assessment and treatment strategies (research report no. R-122). Ottawa, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.
17. Ellerby, L. A., & Stonechild, J. (1998). Blending the traditional with the contemporary in the treatment of Aboriginal sexual offenders: A Canadian experience. In W. L. Marshall, Y. M. Fernandez, S. M. Hudson, & T. Ward (Eds.), Sourcebook of treatment programs for sexual offenders (pp. 399-415). New York: Plenum.
18. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2004). Crime in the United States 2004. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.
19. Feinstein, A. R., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1990). High agreement but low kappa: I. The problems of two paradoxes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 43, 543-549.
20. Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. L. (2005). The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey. Child Maltreatment, 10, 5-25.
21. Gal, M., & Hoge, R. D. (1999). A profile of the adolescent sex offender. Forum on Corrections Research, 11(2), 7-11.
22. Garrett, M. T. (1999). Understanding the 'medicine' of Native American traditional values: An integrative review. Counselling and Values, 43, 84-98.
23. Graves, R. B., Openshaw, D. K., Ascione, F. R., & Ericksen, S. L. (1996). Demographic and parental characteristics of youthful sexual offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 40, 300-317.
24. Gretton, H. M., McBride, M., Hare, R. D., O'Shaughnessy, R., & Kumka, G. (2001). Psychopathy and recidivism in adolescent sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 8, 427-449.
25. Howell, D. C. (2002) Statistical methods for psychology (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, California: Duxbury.
26. Howell, T. M., & Yuille, J. C. (2004). Healing and treatment of Aboriginal offenders: A Canadian example. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 22, 53-75.
27. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (2003, July). Retrieved June 18, 2006, from http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/info/tln_e.html.
28. Jordan Institute for Families (1997). Practice notes: Neglect-search for interventions. Retrieved July 21, 2006, from http://ssw.unc.edu/fcrp/Cspn/ vol2_no1/neglect_and_cultural_sensitivity.htm.
29. Juristat (2003). Sexual offences in Canada (catalogue no. 85-002-XIE, vol. 23, no. 6). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
30. Juristat (2006). Victimization and offending among the Aboriginal population in Canada (catalogue no. 85-002-XIE, vol. 26, no. 3). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
31. Kahn, T. J., & Chambers, H. J. (1991). Assessing reoffense risk with juvenile sexual offenders. Child Welfare, 70, 333-345.
32. Kirmayer, L. J., Brass, G. M., & Tait, C. L. (2000). The mental health of Aboriginal peoples: Transformations of identity and community. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 607-616.
33. Kirmayer, L., Simpson, C., & Cargo, M. (2003). Healing traditions: Culture, community and mental health promotion with Canadian Aboriginal peoples. Australasian Psychiatry, 11, 15-23.
34. Knight, R. A., & Prentky, R. A. (1993). Exploring characteristics for classifying juvenile sex offenders. In H. E. Barbaree, W. L. Marshall, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (pp. 45-83). New York: Guilford Press.
35. Kobayashi, J., Sales, B. D., Becker, J. V., Figueredo, A. J., & Kaplan, M. S. (1995). Perceived parental deviance, parent-child bonding, child abuse, and child sexual aggression. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 7, 25-44.
36. Långström, N., & Lindblad, F. (2000). Young sex offenders: Background, personality, and crime characteristics in a Swedish forensic psychiatric sample. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 113-120.
37. Latimer, J., & Foss, L. C. (2004). A one-day snapshot of Aboriginal youth in custody across Canada: Phase II. Ottawa, ON: Department of Justice Canada.
38. Light, H. K., & Martin, R. E. (1986). American Indian families. Journal of American Indian Education, 26, 1-5.
39. McCurry, C., McClellan, J., Adams, J., Norrei, M., Storck, M., Eisner, A., et al. (1998). Sexual behavior associated with low verbal IQ in youth who have severe mental illness. Mental Retardation, 36, 23-30.
40. Nahanee, T. A. (1996). A profile of Aboriginal sex offenders in Canadian federal custody. Forum on Corrections Research, 8(2). Ottawa, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.
41. O'Leary, C. M. (2004). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Diagnosis, epidemiology, and developmental outcomes. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 40, 2-7.
42. Prentky, R., & Righthand, S. (2003). Juvenile sex offender assessment protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) manual. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/202316.pdf.
43. Rasmussen, L. A. (1999). Factors related to recidivism among juvenile sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 11, 69-85.
44. Rastin, C. J., & Johnson, S. L. (2002). Inuit sexual offenders: Victim, offence and recidivism characteristics. Forum on Corrections Research, 14(3). Ottawa, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.
45. Reppucci, N. D., Fried, C. S., & Schmidt, M. G. (2002). Youth violence: Risk and protective factors. In R. R. Corrado, R. Roesch, S. D. Hart, & J. K. Gierowski (Eds.), Multi-problem violent youth: A foundation for comparative research on needs, interventions and outcomes (pp. 3-22). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press/NATO Series.
46. Righthand, S., & Welch, C. (2001). Juveniles who have sexually offended: A review of the professional literature. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
47. Righthand, S., & Welch, C. (2004). Characteristics of youth who sexually offend. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13, 15-32.
48. Schram, D. D., Milloy, C. D., & Rowe, W. E. (1991). Juvenile sex offenders: A follow up study of reoffense behavior (publication no. 91-09-1101). Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
49. Statistics Canada (2003). Aboriginal peoples of Canada: A demographic profile (catalogue no. 96F0030XIE2001007). Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada Census Operation Division.
50. Streissguth, A. P., Bookstein, F. L., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., O'Malley, K., & Young, J. K. (2004). Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 25, 228-238.
51. Trevethan, S., Moore, J. P., Auger, S., MacDonald, M., & Sinclair, J. (2002). Childhood experiences affect Aboriginal offenders. Forum on Corrections Research, 14(3). Ottawa, ON: Correctional Service of Canada.
52. US Department of Justice (1997). Bureau of Justice Statistics: Special Report (1997). Juvenile delinquents in the federal criminal justice system. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.
53. Viera, A. J., & Garrett, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: The kappa statistic. Family Medicine, 37, 360-363.