Racial naturalization

American Quarterly

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 633-658

  Carbado, Devon W ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34848814555     PISSN: 00030678     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/aq.2005.0042     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. See The New Negro: An Interpretation, ed. Alain Locke (New York: A. and. C. Boni, 1925)
2. See John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971)
3. See George Schuyler, Black No More: Being an Account of the Strange and Wonderful Workings of Science in the Land of the Free, A.D. 1933-1940 (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1989)
4. See Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944)
5. See Ralph Waldo Ellison, Invisible Man (New York: Random House, 1952), 1 (referring to the "inner eye" as the "eye ... with which they look through their physical eyes upon reality")
6. See W. E. B. DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism, ed. Henry Louis Gates and Terri Hume Oliver (1903; New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 10
7. Billie Holiday, Strange Fruit (Commodore, 1939)
8. See J. L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975)
9. See Richard Wright, Native Son (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1940)
10. See Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Charles Lam Markmann (New York: Grove Press, 1967), 113
11. See Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Norton, 1963)
12. This narrative, as well as the narrative articulated in the conclusion, draws heavily from and builds on an earlier work. See Devon W. Carbado, "(E)racing the Fourth Amendment" Michigan Law Review 100 (2002): 946
13. Ian F. Haney López, White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race (New York: New York University Press, 1996)
14. López, White by Law, 3 (emphasis in original)
15. See John Tehranian, "Performing Whiteness: Naturalization Litigation and the Construction of Racial Identity in America," Yale Law Journal 109 (January 2000): 817-848
16. See Paul Gilroy, "There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack": The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Hutchinson, 1987)
17. See also Linda Bosniak, "Citizenship Denationalized," Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 7 (2000): 447, 452
18. See Leti Volpp, "The Citizen and the Terrorist," UCLA Law Review 49 (June 2002): 1597-98
19. Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, ed. Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1998), 8
20. Gloria Anzaldúa, "To Live in the Borderlands," in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (San Francisco: Aunt Lute, 1987), 194
21. See Robert S. Chang, "Dreaming in Black and White: Racial-Sexual Policing in The Birth of a Nation, The Cheat, and Who Killed Vincent Chin?" Asian Law Journals (May 1998): 41-61
22. See Neil Gotanda, "Towards Repeal of Asian Exclusion: The Magnuson Act of 1943, The Act of July 2, 1946, The Presidential Proclamation of July 4, 1946, The Act of August 9, 1946, and The Act of August 1, 1950," in Asian Americans and Congress: A Documentary History, ed. Hyung-Chan Kim (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996), 309, 320
23. Christopher L. Eisgruber, "The Dred Scott Story: Originalism's Forgotten Past," in Constitutional Law Stories, ed. Michael C. Dorf (New York: Foundation Press, 2004), 151
24. See Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000), 171. Hardt and Negri write that "African American slaves could be neither completely included nor entirely excluded. Black slavery was paradoxically both an exception to and a foundation of the Constitution."
25. Gotanda, "Towards Repeal of Asian Exclusion," 320, n. 24
26. Anthony Paul Farley, "All Flesh Shall See It Together," Chicano-Latino Law Review 19 (spring 1998): 163, 167
27. For an interesting discussion of how black experiences immediately following slavery can broaden how we think about immigration and foreignness, see Kunal M. Parker, "Making Blacks Foreigners: The Legal Construction of Former Slaves in Post-Revolutionary Massachusetts," Utah Law Review 2001.1 (2001): 75-124
28. Zora Neale Hurston, "How It Feels to Be Colored Me," in "I Love Myself When I Am Laughing and Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive": A Zora Neale Hurston Reader, ed. Alice Walker (Old Westbury, N.Y.: Feminist Press, 1979)
29. Plessy v. Ferguson, 544, n. 43
30. have problematized these passages elsewhere. See Devon W. Carbado, "Race to the Bottom," UCLA Law Review 49 (June 2002): 1283-1312
31. Others have as well. See Ronald S. Sullivan Jr., "Multiple Ironies: Brown at 50," Howard Law Journal 47 (fall 2003): 23-57
32. Gabriel J. Chin, "The Plessy Myth: Justice Harlan and the Chinese Cases," Iowa Law Review 82 (October 1996): 151, 171-82
33. Cheryl I. Harris, "The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson: The Death and Resurrection of Racial Formalism," in Constitutional Law Stories, 181, n. 28. Each of these investigations, including my own, discusses Plessy along the lines of the racial exclusion thesis
34. (citing Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S. 698, 717 (1893)
35. See Carbado, "(E)Racing the Fourth Amendment," 13
36. Robert L. Johnson and Steven Simring, The Race Trap: Smart Strategies for Effective Racial Communication in Business and in Life (New York: Harper Business, 2002): 121
37. For a complete articulation of this argument, see Carbado, "(E)racing the Fourth Amendment," 13
38. Toni Morrison, "On the Backs of Blacks," in Arguing Immigration: The Debate Over the Changing Face of America, ed. Nicolaus Mills (New York: Touchstone, 1994), 97
39. See, generally, Derrick Bell, And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice (New York: Basic Books, 1989)
40. But see Lolita K. Buckner, "Tricky Magic: Blacks as Immigrants and the Paradox of Foreignness," DePaul Law Review 49 (1999): 85-137 (discussing the black experience as an immigrant experience)
41. Erika Lee, At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Era, 1882-1943 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003)
42. Nikhil Pal Singh, Black Is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004)
43. See Carbado, "Race to the Bottom," n. 51
44. Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial Dist. Court of Nevada, Humboldt County 124 S. Ct. 2451, 2458 (2004)
45. John Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 166