The Validity and Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offender Version: Assessing Sex Offender Risk and Evaluating Therapeutic Change

Psychological Assessment

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 318-329

  Olver, Mark E ^a   Wong, Stephen C P ^a,b   Nicholaichuk, Terry ^b   Gordon, Audrey ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b the Correctional Service of Canada ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

change; prediction; sexual recidivism; static and dynamic variables; Violence Risk Scale Sexual Offender version (VRS SO)

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONCURRENT VALIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREDICTION; RECIDIVISM; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL CRIME; SURVIVAL RATE;

ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PSYCHOMETRICS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; SEX OFFENSES; VIOLENCE;

EID: 34748901135     PISSN: 10403590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.19.3.318     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Andrews D.A., and Bonta J. The psychology of criminal conduct. 3rd ed. (2003), Anderson, Cincinnati, OH
2. Beech A., Friendship C., Erikson M., and Hanson R.K. The relationship between static and dynamic factors and reconviction in a sample of U.K. child abusers. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14 (2002) 155-167
3. Blanchard R., Kuban M.E., Blak T., Cantor J.M., Klassen P., and Dickey R. Phallometric comparison of pedophilic interest in nonadmitting sexual offenders against stepdaughters, biological daughters, other biologically related girls, and unrelated girls. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 18 (2006) 1-14
4. Boer D.P., Hart S.D., Kropp P.R., and Webster C.D. Manual for the Sexual Violence Risk-20: Professional guidelines for assessing risk of sexual violence (1997), Institute against Family Violence and the Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
5. Browne A., and Finkelhor D. Impact of sexual abuse: A review of the research. Psychological Bulletin 99 (1986) 66-77
6. Doren D.M. Towards a multidimensional model for sexual recidivism risk. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19 (2004) 835-856
7. Douglas K.S., and Kropp P.R. A prevention-based paradigm for violence risk assessment: Clinical and research applications. Criminal Justice and Behavior 29 (2002) 617-658
8. Douglas K.S., and Skeem J. Violence risk assessment: Getting specific about being dynamic. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 11 (2005) 347-383
9. Epperson D.L., Kaul J.D., and Hesselton D. Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool-Revised (MnSOST-R): Development, performance, and recommended risk level cut scores (1998), Iowa State University and Minnesota Department of Corrections, St. Paul, MN
10. Fox J. Cox proportional-hazards regression for survival data. In: Fox J. (Ed). An R and S-PLUS companion to applied regression (2002), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 1-18
11. Hanson R.K. The development of a brief actuarial scale for sexual offense recidivism (User Report 97-04) (1997), Department of the Solicitor General of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
12. Hanson, R. K. (2005, June). The assessment of criminogenic needs of sexual offenders by community supervision officers: Reliability and validity. Symposium conducted at the 66th annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
13. Hanson R.K. Does Static 99 predict recidivism among older sexual offenders?. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 18 (2006) 343-355
14. Hanson R.K., and Bussière M.T. Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 66 (1998) 348-362
15. Hanson R.K., Gordon A., Harris A.J.R., Marques J.K., Murphy W., Quinsey V.L., and Seto M.C. First report of the Collaborative Data Outcome Project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14 (2002) 169-194
16. Hanson R.K., and Harris A.J.R. Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior 27 (2000) 6-35
17. Hanson R.K., and Harris A.J.R. A structured approach to evaluating change among sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 13 (2001) 105-122
18. Hanson R.K., and Morton-Bourgon K. Predictors of sexual recidivism: An updated meta-analysis (User Report 2004-02) (2004), Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
19. Hanson R.K., and Thornton D. Static 99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders (User Report 99-02) (1999), Department of the Solicitor General of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
20. Harris G.T., Rice M.E., Quinsey V.L., Lalumière M.L., Boer D., and Lang C. A multi-site comparison of actuarial risk instruments for sex offenders. Psychological Assessment 15 (2003) 413-425
21. Hart S.D., Kropp P.R., and Laws D.R. The Risk for Sexual Violence Protocol (RSVP)-Structured professional guidelines for assessing risk of sexual violence (2003), Mental Health, Law and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
22. Hudson S.M., Wales D.S., Bakker L., and Ward T. Dynamic risk factors: The Kia Marama evaluation. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14 (2002) 103-119
23. Johnson H., and Sacco V.F. Researching violence against women: Statistics Canada's national survey. Canadian Journal of Criminology 37 (1995) 281-304
24. Kraemer H.C., Kazdin A.E., Offord D.R., Kessler R.C., Jensen P.S., and Kupfer D.J. Coming to terms with the terms of risk. Archives of General Psychiatry 54 (1997) 337-343
25. Levesque D.A., Gelles R.J., and Velicer W.F. Development and validation of a stages of change measure for men in batterer treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research 24 (2000) 175-199
26. Lisak D., and Miller P.M. Repeat rape and multiple offending among undetected rapists. Violence and Victims 17 (2002) 73-84
27. McGrath R.J., and Hoke S.E. Vermont Assessment of Sex Offender Risk manual: Research edition 2001 (2002), Author, Waterbury, Vermont
28. Nicholaichuk T.P., Gordon A., Gu D., and Wong S. Outcome of an institutional sexual offender treatment program: A comparison between treated and matched untreated offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 12 (2000) 139-153
29. Pithers W.D. Relapse prevention for sexual aggressors: A method for maintaining therapeutic gain and enhancing external supervision. In: Marshall W.L., Laws D.R., and Barbaree H.E. (Eds). Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender (1990), Plenum Press, New York 343-361
30. Pithers W.D. Treatment of rapists: Reinterpretation of early outcome data and exploratory constructs to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In: Hall G.C.N., Hirschman R., Graham J.R., and Zaragoza M.S. (Eds). Sexual aggression: Issues in etiology, assessment, and treatment (1993), Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, PA 167-196
31. Prochaska J.O., DiClemente C.C., and Norcross J.C. In search of how people change: Applications to the addictive behaviors. American Psychologist 47 (1992) 1102-1114
32. Proulx J., Pellerin B., Paradis Y., McKibben A., Aubut J., and Ouimet M. Static and dynamic predictors of recidivism in sexual aggressors. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 9 (1997) 7-27
33. Quinsey V.L., Rice M.E., and Harris G.T. Actuarial prediction of sexual recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 10 (1995) 85-105
34. Rice M.E., and Harris G.T. Violent recidivism: Assessing predictive validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 63 (1995) 737-748
35. Tabachnick B.G., and Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics (2001), Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA
36. Thornton D. Constructing and testing a framework for dynamic risk assessment. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14 (2002) 139-153
37. Tierney D.W., and McCabe M.P. The utility of the trans-theoretical model of behavior change in the treatment of sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 17 (2005) 153-170
38. Ward T., and Hudson S.M. A model of the relapse process in sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 13 (1998) 700-725
39. Willoughby T., and Perry G.P. Working with violent youth: Application of the transtheoretical model of change. Canadian Journal of Counseling 36 (2002) 312-326
40. Wong, S., & Gordon, A. E. (2000). The Violence Risk Scale. Unpublished manuscript.
41. Wong S.C.P., and Gordon A.E. The validity and reliability of the Violence Risk Scale: A treatment-friendly violence risk assessment tool. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 12 (2006) 279-309
42. Wong S., Olver M.E., Nicholaichuk T.P., and Gordon A. The Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO) (2003), Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada