A fuzzy c-means classification of elevation derivatives to extract the morphometric classification of landforms in Snowdonia, Wales

Computers and Geosciences

Volumn 33, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1366-1381

  Arrell, K E ^a   Fisher, P F ^b   Tate, N J ^c   Bastin, L ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d ASTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Digital elevation model; Fuzzy; Landforms; Morphometric classes; Resolution; Snowdonia

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEATURE EXTRACTION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; OPTICAL RESOLVING POWER;

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; FUZZY C-MEANS CLASSIFICATION; MORPHOMETRIC CLASSES; MORPHOMETRIC CLASSIFICATION;

LANDFORMS;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; FEATURE EXTRACTION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; LANDFORMS; OPTICAL RESOLVING POWER;

DATA SET; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; FUZZY MATHEMATICS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HOLISTIC APPROACH; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE RESOLUTION; LANDFORM; MORPHOMETRY;

EURASIA; EUROPE; SNOWDONIA; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 34748878873     PISSN: 00983004     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.05.005     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bezdek J., Ehrlich R., and Full W. FCM: the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Computers & Geosciences 10 (1984) 191-203
2. Bull W. Allometric change of landforms. Geological Society of America Bulletin 86 (1975) 1489-1498
3. Burrough P.A. Fuzzy mathematical methods for soil survey and land evaluation. Journal of Soil Science 40 (1989) 477-492
4. Burrough P.A., and McDonnell R. Principles of Geographical Information Systems (1998), Oxford University Press, Oxford 333pp
5. Burrough P.A., van Gaans P., and MacMillan R. High-resolution landform classification using fuzzy k-means. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 113 (2000) 37-52
6. Burrough P.A., Wilson J., van Gaans P., and Hansen A. Fuzzy k-means classification of topo-climatic data as an aid to forest mapping in the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA. Landscape Ecology 16 (2001) 523-546
7. Chase C. Fluvial landsculpting and the fractal dimension of topography. Geomorphology 5 (1992) 39-57
8. Church M., and Mark D. On size and scale in geomorphology. Progress in Physical Geography 4 (1980) 342-390
9. Culling W. Dimension and entropy in the soil-covered landscape. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 13 7 (1988) 619-648
10. de Bruin S., and Stein A. Soil-landscape modelling using fuzzy c-means clustering of attribute data derived from a Digital Elevation Model, DEM. Geoderma 83 (1998) 17-33
11. Dikau R. The application of a digital relief model to landform analysis in geomorphology. In: Raper J. (Ed). Three Dimensional Applications of Geographic Information Systems (1989), Taylor & Francis, London 55-77
12. Evans I. General geomorphometry, derivatives of altitude and descriptive statistics. In: Chorley R. (Ed). Spatial Analysis in Geomorphology (1972), Methuen, London 17-91
13. Evans I. An integrated system of terrain analysis and slope mapping. Zeitschrift fu{combining double acute accent}r Geomorphologie. N.F. Supplementband 36 (1980) 274-295
14. Evans I. General geomorphometry. In: Goudie A. (Ed). Geomorphological Techniques (1990), Routledge, London 31-37
15. Fenneman N. Physical Divisions of the United States, 1:7000000 Map (1946), United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA
16. Fisher P., and Wood J. What is a mountain? Or the Englishman who went up a Boolean geographical concept and realised it was fuzzy. Geography 83 (1998) 247-256
17. Fisher P., Wood J., and Cheng T. Where is Helvellyn? Fuzziness of multiscale landscape morphometry. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 29 1 (2004) 106-128
18. Fisher P., Wood J., and Cheng T. Fuzziness and ambiguity in multi-scale analysis of landscape morphometry. In: Cobb M., Petry F., and Robinson V. (Eds). Fuzzy Modeling with Spatial Information for Geographic Problems (2005), Springer, New York, NY 209-232
19. Hammond E. Analysis of properties in land form geography, an application to broad-scale land form mapping. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 54 (1964) 11-19
20. Hodgson M. What cell size does the computed slope/aspect angle represent?. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 61 (1995) 513-517
21. Irvin B., Ventura S., and Slater B. Fuzzy and isodata classification of landform elements from digital terrain data in Pleasant Valley, Wisconsin. Geoderma 77 (1997) 137-154
22. Klinkenberg B. Fractals and morphometric measures, is there a relationship?. Geomorphology 5 (1992) 5-20
23. Lagacherie P., Cazemier D., Van Gaans P., and Burrough P. Fuzzy k-means clustering of fields in an elementary catchment and extrapolation to a larger area. Geoderma 77 (1997) 197-216
24. Luo X., and Dimitrakopoulos R. Data-driven fuzzy analysis in quantitative mineral resource assessment. Computers & Geosciences 29 (2003) 3-13
25. Macmillan R., Pettapiece W., Nolan S., and Goddard T. A generic procedure automatically segmenting landforms into landform elements using DEMs, heuristic rules and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy sets and Systems 113 (2000) 81-109
26. Moraczewski I.R. Fuzzy logic for phytosociology 1: syntaxa as vague concepts. Vegetatio 106 (1993) 1-11
27. Mulla D. Using geostatistics and spectral analysis to study spatial patterns in the topography of southeastern Washington State, USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 13 (1988) 389-405
28. Pellegrini, G., 1995. Terrain shape classification of digital elevation models using eigenvectors and Fourier transforms. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 207pp.
29. Peucker T., and Douglas D. Detection of surface specific points by parallel processing of discrete terrain elevation data. Computer Graphics and Image Processing 4 (1974) 375-387
30. Pike R., and Rozema W. Spectral analysis of landforms. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 65 4 (1975) 499-516
31. Roberts, D.W., Dowling, T.I., Walker, J., 1997. FLAG: a fuzzy landscape analysis GIS method for dryland salinity assessment. CSIRO Technical report 8/97, Canberra, ACT. Available online at 〈www.clw.csiro.au/publications/technical97/tr8-97.pdf〉 (accessed 13 April 2007), Canberra, ACT, 49pp.
32. Schumm S., and Lichty R. Time, space, and causality in geomorphology. American Journal of Science 263 (1965) 110-119
33. Skidmore A. A comparison of techniques for calculating gradient and aspect from a gridded DEM. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 3 (1989) 323-334
34. Tate N.J., and Wood J. Fractals and scale dependencies in topography. In: Tate N.J., and Atkinson P.M. (Eds). Modelling Scale in Geographical Information Science (2001), Wiley, Chichester 35-51
35. Ventura S., and Irvin B. Automated landform classification methods for soil-landscape studies. In: Wilson J., and Gallant J. (Eds). Terrain Analysis Principles and Applications (2000), Wiley, New York, NY 267-294
36. Wood, J., 1996a. The geomorphological characterisation of digital elevation models. PhD Dissertation, University of Leicester, 〈http://www.soi.city.ac.uk/~jwo/phd/〉 (accessed 13 April 2007), 193pp.
37. Wood J. Scale-based characterisation of digital elevation models. In: Parker D. (Ed). Innovations in GIS 3 (1996), Taylor & Francis, Bristol 163-175
38. Wood J. Visualizing the structure and scale dependency of landscapes. In: Fisher P., and Unwin D. (Eds). Virtual Reality in Geography (2002), Taylor & Francis, London 63-174
39. Zadeh L. Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 8 (1965) 338-353
40. Zevenbergen L., and Thorne C. Quantitative analysis of land surface topography. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 12 (1987) 47-56