Workers' compensation and litigation status influence the functional outcome of patients with neck pain

Clinical Journal of Pain

Volumn 23, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 676-682

  Landers, Merrill R ^a   Cheung, Wing ^b   Miller, Dustin ^d   Summons, Torre ^c   Wallmann, Harvey W ^a   McWhorter, James Wesley ^a   Druse, Ty ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b SUNRISE HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c PTWorks   (United States)

^d Performance Physical Therapy   (United States)

^e Pima Research   (United States)

Author keywords

Nonorganic signs; Personal injury; Secondary gain; Worker's compensation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; ILLNESS BEHAVIOR; LAW SUIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; NECK PAIN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; WORKMAN COMPENSATION;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; AGED; CHRONIC DISEASE; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; DISABILITY EVALUATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; JURISPRUDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NECK PAIN; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WORKERS' COMPENSATION;

EID: 34648834623     PISSN: 07498047     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31813d110e     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Andersson HI, Ejlertsson G, Leden I, et al. Chronic pain in a geographically defined general population: studies of differences in age, gender, social class, and pain localization. Clin J Pain. 1993;9:174-182.
2. Brattberg G, Thorslund M, Wikman A. The prevalence of pain in a general population. The results of a postal survey in a county of Sweden. Pain. 1989;37:215-222.
3. Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll L. The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine. 1998;23:1689-1698.
4. Makela M, Heliovaara M, Sievers K, et al. Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of chronic neck pain in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134:1356-1367.
5. Picavet HS, Schouten JS. Musculoskeletal pain in the Netherlands: prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC(3)-study. Pain. 2003;102:167-178.
6. Chiu TT, Leung AS. Neck pain in Hong Kong: a telephone survey on prevalence, consequences, and risk groups. Spine. 2006;31:E540-E544.
7. Linton SJ, Hellsing AL, Hallden K. A population-based study of spinal pain among 35-45-year-old individuals. Prevalence, sick leave, and health care use. Spine. 1998;23:1457-1463.
8. Borghouts JA, Koes BW, Bouter LM. The clinical course and prognostic factors of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Pain. 1998;77:1-13.
9. Linton SJ. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine. 2000;25:1148-1156.
10. Teasell RW, Bombardier C. Employment-related factors in chronic pain and chronic pain disability. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(4 suppl):S39-S45.
11. Hojsted J, Alban A, Hagild K, et al. Utilisation of health care system by chronic pain patients who applied for disability pensions. Pain. 1999;82:275-282.
12. Barrett GR, Rook RT, Nash CR, et al. The effect of workers' compensation on clinical outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted autogenous patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in an acute population. Arthroscopy. 2001;17:132-137.
13. Rainville J, Sobel JB, Hartigan C, et al. The effect of compensation involvement on the reporting of pain and disability by patients referred for rehabilitation of chronic low back pain. Spine. 1997;22:2016-2024.
14. Teasell RW. Compensation and chronic pain. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(4 suppl):S46-S64.
15. Young JN, Shaffrey CI, Laws ER Jr, et al. Lumbar disc surgery in a fixed compensation population: a model for influence of secondary gain on surgical outcome. Surg Neurol. 1997;48:552-558; discussion 558-559.
16. Blyth FM, March LM, Nicholas MK, et al. Chronic pain, work performance and litigation. Pain. 2003;103:41-47.
17. Suter PB. Employment and litigation: improved by work, assisted by verdict. Pain. 2002;100:249-257.
18. Mendelson G. The effect of compensation and litigation on disability following compensable injuries. Am J Forensic Psychiatry. 1983;4:97-112.
19. Busse JW, Dufton JA, Kilian BC, et al. The impact of non-injury-related factors on disability secondary to whiplash associated disorder type II: a retrospective file review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:79-83.
20. Swartzman LC, Teasell RW, Shapiro AP, et al. The effect of litigation status on adjustment to whiplash injury. Spine. 1996;21:53-58.
21. Joslin CC, Khan SN, Bannister GC. Long-term disability after neck injury. A comparative study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:1032-1034.
22. Gatchel RJ, Polatin PB, Mayer TG. The dominant role of psychosocial risk factors in the development of chronic low back pain disability. Spine. 1995;20:2702-2709.
23. Sobel JB, Sollenberger P, Robinson R, et al. Cervical nonorganic signs: a new clinical tool to assess abnormal illness behavior in neck pain patients: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:170-175.
24. Landers MR, Baker CL, Stutelberg KS, et al. Effectiveness of cervical nonorganic signs in predicting disability in patients with neck pain. In: 8th Congress of European Federation for Research in Rehabilitation. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Medimond; 2004.
25. Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:409-415.
26. Stratford PW, Riddle DL, Binkley JM, et al. Using the Neck Disability Index to make decisions concerning individual patients. Physiother Can. 1999:51107-51112.
27. Hains F, Waalen J, Mior S. Psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:75-80.
28. Riddle DL, Stratford PW. Use of generic versus region-specific functional status measures on patients with cervical spine disorders. Phys Ther. 1998;78:951-963.
29. Nederhand MJ, Ijzerman MJ, Hermens HJ, et al. Predictive value of fear avoidance in developing chronic neck pain disability: consequences for clinical decision making. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:496-501.
30. Gallagher EJ. Clinical utility of likelihood ratios. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:391-397.
31. Kaptain GJ, Shaffrey CI, Alden TD, et al. Secondary gain influences the outcome of lumbar but not cervical disc surgery. Surg Neurol. 1999;52:217-223; discussion 215-223.
32. Gianoli G, McWilliams S, Soileau J, et al. Posturographic performance in patients with the potential for secondary gain. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;122:11-18.
33. Fishbain DA. The secondary gain concept: definition problems and its abuse in medical practice. Am Pain Soc J. 1994;3:264-273.
34. Fishbain DA, Rosomoff HL, Cutler RB, et al. Secondary gain concept: a review of the scientific evidence. Clin J Pain. 1995;11:6-21.
35. Allaz AF, Vannotti M, Desmeules J, et al. Use of the label "litigation neurosis" in patients with somatoform pain disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1998;20:91-97.
36. Bellamy R. Compensation neurosis: financial reward for illness as nocebo. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997:94-106.
37. Mendelson G. Compensation neurosis. An invalid diagnosis. Med J Aust. 1985;142:561-564.
38. Linton SJ, Andersson T. Can chronic disability be prevented? A randomized trial of a cognitive-behavior intervention and two forms of information for patients with spinal pain. Spine. 2000;25:2825-2831; discussion 2824.
39. Linton SJ, Boersma K, Jansson M, et al. The effects of cognitive-behavioral and physical therapy preventive interventions on pain-related sick leave: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2005;21:109-119.
40. van Tulder MW, Ostelo R, Vlaeyen JW, et al. Behavioral treatment for chronic low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine. 2000;25:2688-2699.
41. Dersh J, Polatin PB, Leeman G, et al. The management of secondary gain and loss in medicolegal settings: strengths and weaknesses. J Occup Rehabil. 2004;14:267-279.
42. Gatchel RJ. Psychosocial factors that can influence the self-assessment of function. J Occup Rehabil. 2004;14:197-206.
43. Davidhizar R. The pursuit of illness for secondary gain. Health Care Superv. 1994;13:10-15.
44. Storro S, Moen J, Svebak S. Effects on sick-leave of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for chronic low back, neck or shoulder pain: comparison with usual treatment. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36:12-16.
45. Novy DM, Collins HS, Nelson DV, et al. Waddell signs: distribution properties and correlates. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:820-822.
46. Fishbain DA, Cutler RB, Rosomoff HL, et al. Is there a relationship between nonorganic physical findings (Waddell signs) and secondary gain/malingering? Clin J Pain. 2004;20:399-408.
47. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull. 1992;112:155-159.
48. Dworkin RH, Handlin DS, Richlin DM, et al. Unraveling the effects of compensation, litigation, and employment on treatment response in chronic pain. Pain. 1985;23:49-59.