The Austral floristic realm revisited

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 34, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1649-1660

  Moreira Munoz A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE   (Chile)

Author keywords

Antarctica; Australasia; Biogeographical classification; Cape Floristic Region; Chile; Floristic kingdom; New Zealand; Panbiogeography; South Pacific track; Southern South America

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FLORISTICS; NINETEENTH CENTURY; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

ANTARCTICA; AUSTRALASIA; CHILE; NEW ZEALAND; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 34648827081     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: 13652699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01757.x     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Andersson, L., Kocsis, M. Eriksson, R. (2006) Relationships of the genus Azorella (Apiaceae) and other hydrocotyloids inferred from sequence variation in three plastid markers. Taxon, 55, 270 280.
2. Ashworth, A.C. Cantrill, D.J. (2004) Neogene vegetation of the Meyer Desert Formation (Sirius Group) Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 213, 65 82.
3. Barlow, B.A. (1981) The Australian flora: its origin and evolution. Flora of Australia, Vol. 1 (ed. by A.S. George pp. 25 75. Bureau of Flora and Fauna, Canberra.
4. Beard, J.S., Chapman, A.R. Gioia, P. (2000) Species richness and endemism in the Western Australian flora. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 1257 1268.
5. Born, J., Linder, H.P. Desmet, P. (2007) The Greater Cape Floristic Region. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 147 162.
6. Brundin, L. (1966) Transantarctic relationships and their significance, as evidenced by chironomid midges: with a monograph of the subfamilies Podonominae and Aphroteniinae and the austral Heptagyiae. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 472.
7. Cowling, R.M., Rundel, P.W., Lamont, B.B., Arroyo, M.K. Arianoutsou, M. (1996) Plant diversity in mediterranean-climate regions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 11, 362 366.
8. Cox, C.B. (2001) The biogeographic regions reconsidered. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 511 523.
9. Cox, C.B. Moore, P.D. (2005) Biogeography: an ecological and evolutionary approach, 7th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
10. Craw, R. (1988) Continuing the synthesis between panbiogeography, phylogenetic systematics and geology as illustrated by empirical studies on the biogeography of New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Systematic Zoology, 37, 291 310.
11. Craw, R. Page, R. (1988) Panbiogeography: method and metaphor in the new biogeography. Evolutionary processes and metaphors (ed. by M.-W. Ho S.W. Fox pp. 163 189. Wiley & Sons, London.
12. Craw, R.C., Grehan, J.R. Heads, M.J. (1999) Panbiogeography: Tracking the history of life. Oxford Biogeography Series, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
13. Crayn, D.M., Kron, K.A., Gadek, P.A. Quinn, C.J. (1998) Phylogenetics and evolution of epacrids: a molecular analysis using the plastid gene rbcL with a reappraisal of the position of Lebetanthus. Australian Journal of Botany, 46, 187 200.
14. Crisci, J.V., Cigliano, M.M., Morrone, J.J. Roig-Juñent, S. (1991) Historical biogeography of southern South America. Systematic Zoology, 40, 152 171.
15. Crisp, M.D., West, J.G. Linder, H.P. (1999) Biogeography of the terrestrial flora. Flora of Australia, Vol. 1, 2nd edn (ed. by A.E. Orchard pp. 321 367. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.
16. Croizat, L. (1958) Panbiogeography. Published by the author, Caracas.
17. de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1820) Geographie Botanique. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles XVIII, 359 422.
18. de Candolle, Alphonse (1835) Introduction à l'étude de la Botanique I, II. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.
19. de Candolle, Alphonse (1855) Géographie botanique raisonnée. Masson, Kessmann, Paris.
20. Diels, L. (1908) Pflanzengeographie. Sammlung Göschen, Göschen'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig.
21. Dillon, M.O. Muñoz-Schick, M. (1993) A revision of the dioecious genus Griselinia (Griseliniaceae) including a new species from the coastal Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Brittonia, 45, 261 274.
22. Drude, O. (1884) Die Florenreiche der Erde: Darstellung der gegenwärtigen Verbreitungsverhältnisse der Pflanzen: Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Erdkunde. Ergänzungsheft N° 74, Petermanns Mitteilungen, Gotha, Justus Perthes.
23. Drude, O. (1887) Atlas der Pflanzenverbreitung. Berghaus' Physikalischer Atlas, Abteilung V, Gotha, Justus Perthes.
24. Drude, O. (1890) Handbuch der Pflanzengeographie. Bibliothek Geographischer Handbücher (ed. by F. Ratzel). Verlag J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart.
25. Ebach, M.C. Goujet, D.F. (2006) The first biogeographical map. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 761 769.
26. Eklund, H. (2003) First Cretaceous flowers from Antarctica. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 127, 187 217.
27. Engler, A. (1879) Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pflanzenwelt, insbesondere der Florengebiete seit der Tertiärperiode. Vol 1. Die Extratropischen Gebiete der Nördlichen Hemisphäre. Verlag von W. Engelmann, Leipzig.
28. Engler, A. (1882) Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pflanzenwelt, insbesondere der Florengebiete seit der Tertiärperiode. Vol. 2. Die Extratropischen Gebiete der Südlichen Hemisphäre und die Tropischen Gebiete. Verlag von W. Engelmann, Leipzig.
29. Engler, A. (1899) Die Entwickelung der Pflanzengeographie in den letzten hundert Jahren und weitere Aufgaben derselben. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge zum Gedächtnis der hundertjährigen Wiederkehr des Antritts von Alexander von Humboldt's Reise nach Amerika ed. by Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin pp. 1 247.
30. Falcon-Lang, H.J., Cantrill, D.J. Nichols, G.J. (2001) Biodiversity and terrestrial ecology of a mid-Cretaceous, high-latitude floodplain, Alexander Island, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society, 158, 709 724.
31. Francis, J.E. Poole, I. (2002) Cretaceous and Tertiary climates of Antarctica: evidence from fossil wood. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 182, 47 64.
32. Galley, C. Linder, H.P. (2006) Geographical affinities of the Cape flora, South Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 236 250.
33. Gengler-Nowak, K.M. (2003) Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Malesherbiaceae. Systematic Botany, 28, 333 344.
34. Gentry, A.H. (1993) Diversity and floristic composition of lowland tropical forest in Africa and South America. Biological relationships between Africa and South America (ed. by P. Goldblatt pp. 500 547. Yale University Press, New Haven.
35. Glasby, C.J. (2005) Polychaete distribution patterns revisited: an historical explanation. Marine Ecology, 26, 235 245.
36. Godley, E.J. (1960) The botany of southern Chile in relation to New Zealand and the subantarctic. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 152, 457 475.
37. Goldblatt, P. Manning, J. (2000) Cape plants. A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
38. Good, R. (1974) The geography of the flowering plants, 4th edn. Longman, London (1st edition 1947).
39. Grisebach, A. (1872) Die Vegetation der Erde nach ihrer klimatischen Anordnung: ein Abriss der vergleichenden Geographie der Pflanzen, 1st edn. 2 vols, Engelmann Verlag, Leipzig.
40. Haywood, A.M., Francis, J.E. Sellwood, B.W. (2002) Global middle Pliocene biome reconstruction: a data/model synthesis. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 3, 1 18.
41. Heads, M. (1999) Vicariance biogeography and terrane tectonics in the South Pacific: analysis of the genus Abrotanella (Compositae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 67, 391 432.
42. Heads, M. (2002) Birds of paradise, vicariance biogeography and terrane tectonics in New Guinea. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 261 283.
43. Henríquez, J.M., Pisano, E. Marticorena, C. (1995) Catálogo de la flora vascular de Magallanes (XII Región), Chile. Anales Instituto de la Patagonia Ser. Cs. Naturales (Chile), 23, 5 30.
44. Hinojosa, L.F. Villagrán, C. (2005) Did South American mixed paleofloras evolve under thermal equability or in the absence of an effective Andean barrier during the Cenozoic? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 217, 1 23.
45. Hooker, J.D. (1844) The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H. M. Discovery ships Erebus and Terror, in the years 1839-1843. I Flora Antarctica, II Flora Nova-Zelandiae, III Flora Tasmaniae, L. Reeve, London.
46. Katinas, L., Morrone, J.J. Crisci, J.V. (1999) Track analysis reveals the composite nature of the Andean biota. Australian Journal of Botany, 47, 111 130.
47. Marticorena, C., Matthei, O., Rodríguez, R., Arroyo, M.T.K., Muñoz-Schick, M., Squeo, F.A. Arancio, G. (1998) Catálogo de la flora vascular de la Segunda Región (Región de Antofagasta), Chile. Gayana Botánica, 55, 23 83.
48. Marticorena, C., Squeo, F.A., Arancio, G. Muñoz-Schick, M. (2001) Catálogo de la flora vascular de la IV Región de Coquimbo. Libro Rojo de la Flora Nativa y de los Sitios Prioritarios para su Conservación: Región de Coquimbo (ed. by F.A. Squeo, G. Arancio J.R. Gutiérrez pp. 105 142. Ediciones Universidad de La Serena, Chile.
49. Mattick, F. (1964) Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde. A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. 12 ed. vol. 2. Angiospermen (ed. by H. Melchior pp. 626 629. Gerbrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.
50. McCarthy, D. (2003) The trans-Pacific zipper effect: disjunct sister taxa and matching geological outlines that link the Pacific margins. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1545 1561.
51. McCarthy, D. (2007) Are plate tectonic explanations for trans-Pacific disjunctions plausible? Empirical tests of radical dispersalist theories. Biogeography in a changing world (ed. by M.C. Ebach R.S. Tangney pp. 171 192. Systematics Association Special Volumes, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
52. McGlone, M.S. (2005) Goodbye Gondwana. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 739 740.
53. Mennema, J. (1985) The first plant distribution map. Taxon, 34, 115 117.
54. Michaux, B. (2001) Dispersal versus vicariance, artifice rather than contest. Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia (ed. by I. Metcalfe, J.M.B. Smith, M. Morwood I. Davidson pp. 311 318. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Lisse.
55. Michaux, B. Leschen, R.A.B. (2005) East meets west: biogeology of the Campbell Plateau. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 95 115.
56. Moore, D.M. (1972) Connections between cool temperate floras, with particular reference to southern South America. Taxonomy, phytogeography and evolution (ed. by D.H. Valentine pp. 115 138. Academic Press, London.
57. Morley, R.J. (2001) Why are there so many primitive angiosperms in the rain forests of Asia-Australasia? Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-Australasia (ed. by I. Metcalfe, J.M.B. Smith, M. Morwood I. Davidson pp. 185 199. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Tokyo.
58. Morrone, J.J. (2002) Biogeographical regions under track and cladistic scrutiny. A comment on C. B. Cox (2001). Journal of Biogeography, 29, 149 152.
59. Muñoz, J., Felicísimo, A.M., Cabezas, F., Burgaz, A.R. Martínez, I. (2004) Wind as a long-distance dispersal vehicle in the Southern Hemisphere. Science, 304, 1144 1147.
60. Nelson, G. (1978) From Candolle to Croizat: Comments on the history of biogeography. Journal of the History of Biology, 11, 289 305.
61. Nelson, E.C. (1981) Phytogeography of southern Australia. Ecological biogeography of Australia (ed. by A. Keast pp. 733 759. Dr W. Junk, The Hague.
62. Pole, M. (1994) The New Zealand flora - entirely long distance dispersal? Journal of Biogeography, 21, 625 635.
63. Poole, I., Mennega, A.M.W. Cantrill, D. (2003) Valdivian ecosystems in the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of Antartica: further evidence from myrtaceous and eucryphiaceous fossil wood. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 124, 9 27.
64. Procheş, Ş. (2005) The world's biogeographical regions: cluster analysis based on bat distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 607 614.
65. Renner, S.S. (2004) Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present. Biologiske Skrifter, 55, 441 458.
66. Ronse De Craene, L.P (2004) Floral development of Berberidopsis corallina: a crucial link in the evolution of flowers in the Core Eudicots. Annals of Botany, 94, 741 751.
67. Ronse De Craene, L.P., Linder, H.P., Dlamini, T. Smets, E.F. (2001) Evolution and development of floral diversity of Melianthaceae, an enigmatic Southern African family. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162, 59 82.
68. Sanmartín, I., Wanntorp, L. Winkworth, R.C. (2007) West Wind Drift revisited: testing for directional dispersal in the Southern Hemisphere using event-based tree fitting. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 398 416.
69. Schouw, J.F. (1823) Grundzüge einer allgemeinen Pflanzengeographie (+ Atlas). Reimer, Berlin.
70. Shields, O. (1998) Upper Triassic Pacific vicariance as a test of geological theories. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 203 211.
71. Skottsberg, C. (1915) Notes on the relations between the floras of subantarctic America and New Zealand. The Plant World, 18, 129 142.
72. Skottsberg, C. (1960) Remarks on the plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 152, 447 457.
73. Sluys, R. (1994) Explanations for biogeographic tracks across the Pacific Ocean: a challenge for paleogeography and historical biogeography. Progress in Physical Geography, 18, 42 58.
74. Smith, C.H. (1983) A system of world mammal faunal regions. I. Logical and statistical derivation of the regions. Journal of Biogeography, 10, 455 466.
75. Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm phylogeny website, version 7, May 2006 [ http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ ].
76. Swenson, U. Bremer, K. (1997) Pacific biogeography of the Asteraceae genus Abrotanella (Senecioneae, Blennospermatinae). Systematic Botany, 22, 493 508.
77. Takhtajan, A. (1961) The origin of angiospermous plants, 2nd edn (original Russian edition, Moscow; translated as Flowering plants, origin and dispersal by C. Jeffrey, Kew (1969); reprint (1981) Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein, Germany.
78. Takhtajan, A. (1986) Floristic regions of the world (original Russian edition (1978), Leningrad; translated by T.J. Crovello; ed. by A. Cronquist, University of California reprint (1988)), B. S. M. P. Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
79. Taylor, E.L., Taylor, T.N. Cuneo, N.R. (1992) The present is not the key to the past: a polar forest from the Permian of Antarctica. Science, 257, 1675 1677.
80. Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (1909) Geographical distribution of plants. Darwin and modern science (ed. by A.E. Seward pp. 298 318. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
81. Treviranus, G.R. (1803) Biologie, oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur. 2 volumes. Röwer, Göttingen.
82. Trewick, S.A., Paterson, A.M. Campbell, H.J. (2007) Hello New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 1 6.
83. Troncoso, A. Romero, E.J. (1998) Evolución de las comunidades florísticas en el extremo sur de Sudamérica durante el Cenofítico. Proceedings of the Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica (ed. by R. Fortunato and N. Bacigalupo), Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 6, 149 172.
84. van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1962) The land-bridge theory in botany with particular reference to tropical plants. Blumea (Rijksherbarium Leiden, Nederland), 11, 235 542.
85. Vinnersten, A. Bremer, K. (2001) Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales. American Journal of Botany, 88, 1695 1703.
86. von Ihering, H. (1891) On the ancient relations between New Zealand and South America. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 24, 431 445.
87. von Ihering, H. (1900) The history of the neotropical region. Science, 12, 857-864. Reprinted in Foundations of biogeography: Classic papers with commentaries (ed. by M.V. Lomolino, D.F. Sax J.H. Brown (2004) University of Chicago Press.
88. Wagstaff, S.J. (2004) Tetrachondraceae. The families and genera of vascular plants. VII. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) (ed. by J. Kadereit pp. 441 444, Springer, Berlin.
89. Wagstaff, S.J., Breitwieser, I. Swenson, U. (2006) Origin and relationships of the austral genus Abrotanella (Asteraceae) inferred from DNA sequences. Taxon, 55, 95 106.
90. Wardle, P., Ezcurra, C., Ramírez, C. Wagstaff, S. (2001) Comparison of the flora and vegetation of the southern Andes and New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 39, 69 108.
91. Waters, J.M. Craw, D. (2006) Goodbye Gondwana? New Zealand biogeography, geology, and the problem of circularity. Systematic Biology, 55, 351 356.
92. Wilton, A.D. Breitwieser, I. (2000) Composition of the New Zealand seed plant flora. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 38, 537 549. Web update: 1 September 2000. http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biodiversity/plantsprog/ florastats.asp
93. Winkworth, R.C., Wagstaff, S., Glenny, D. Lockhart, P.J. (2002) Plant dispersal N.E.W.S. from New Zealand. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, 514 520.
94. Wolf, P.G., Schneider, H. Ranker, T.A. (2001) Geographic distributions of homosporous ferns: does dispersal obscure evidence of vicariance? Journal of Biogeography, 28, 263 270.