Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes

Lancet

Volumn 370, Issue 9593, 2007, Pages 1153-1163

  Marmot, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EMPOWERMENT; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; INDIA; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; SELF EMPLOYMENT; SOCIAL ASPECT; SOCIETY; WORK; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 34648825844     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61385-3     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Willets R., Gallop A., Leandro P., et al. Longevity in the 21st Century London. Presented to Institute of Actuaries and Faculty of Actuaries (2004). http: //www.actuaries.org.uk/files/pdf/sessional/sm20040426_longevity.pdf (accessed Sept 4, 2007).
2. UNDP. Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads. Aid, trade and security in an unequal world. United Nations Development Programme, 2005.
3. World Bank. World Development Report 2006. Equity and development (2006), World Bank; OUP, New York
4. Hanlon P., Walsh D., and Whyte B. Let Glasgow flourish (2006), Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Glasgow
5. Murray C., Kulkarni S., Michaud C., et al. Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across races, counties, and race-counties in the United States. PLoS Med 3 (2006) e260
6. UNDESA. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision. United Nations: Population Division of the Department of Ecomonic and Social Affairs, 2006.
7. CSDH (Commission on Social Determinants of Health). Social determinants and Indigenous health: The International experience and its policy implications. CSDH. Report on specially prepared documents, presentations and discussion at the International Symposium on the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health, Adelaide, 29-30 April, 2007 for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), 2007.
8. Marmot M. Status syndrome (2004), Bloomsbury, London
9. Marmot M., and Shipley M. Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. BMJ 313 (1996) 1177-1180
10. Erikson R. Why do graduates live longer?. In: Jonsson J., and Mills C. (Eds). Cradle to grave: life-course change in modern Sweden (2001), Sociology Press, Durham
11. Victora C., Wagstaff A., Schellenberg J., Gwatkin D., Claeson M., and Habicht J. Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: more of the same is not enough. Lancet 362 (2003) 233-241
12. Murphy M., Bobak M., Nicholson A., Rose R., and Marmot M. The widening gap in mortality by educational level in the Russian Federation, 1980-2001. Am J Public Health 96 (2006) 1293-1299
13. Vapattanawong P., Hogan M., Hanvoravongchai P., et al. Reductions in child mortality levels and inequalities in Thailand: analysis of two censuses. Lancet 369 (2007) 850-855
14. Sen A. Development as freedom (1999), Oxford University Press, Oxford
15. Sen A. Missing women-revisited. BMJ 327 (2003) 1297-1298
16. UN. General Comment 14: The right to the highest attainable standard of health (2000), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva
17. Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. Macroeconomics and health: investing in health for economic development (2001), World Health Organization, Geneva Report of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health.
18. Mackenbach JP, Meerding WJ, Kunst AE. Economic implications of health inequalities in the European Union (unpublished manuscript). Rotterdam: Department of Public Health.
19. Lawn J., Cousens S., and Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?. Lancet 365 (2005) 891-900
20. Nettleton C., Napolitano D., and Stephens C. An Overview of Current Knowledge of the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health (2007), Working Paper for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health
21. Marmot M. Health in an unequal world. Lancet 368 (2006) 2081-2094
22. Stern N., Dethier J.-J., and Rogers H. Growth and empowerment: making development happen (2004), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
23. Baum F. The new public health. 2nd edn. (2002), Oxford University Press, Melbourne
24. Lopez A., Mathers C., Ezzati M., Jamison D., and Murray C. Global burden of disease and risk factors (2006), The World Bank and Oxford University Press, New York
25. Solar O. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health: discussion paper for the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2007), Commission on Social Determinants of Health
26. Stern N. The economics of climate change: the Stern Review (2007), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
27. McMichael AJ, Friel S, Nyong A, Corvalan C. Global environmental change and human health: implications for health inequalities, social policy and the health professions. Commissioned by BMJ (in preparation).
28. Magalhaes R, et al. Conditional income transfer and poverty reduction programs: the experience of the Family Stipend Program (Bolsa Familia) in two municipalities of the state of Rio de Janeiro. 2007. CSDH Social Exclusion Knowledge Network.
29. Soares S, Osorio RG, Soares FV, Medeiros M, Zepeda E. Conditional cash transfers in Brazil, Chile and Mexico: impacts upon inequality. International Poverty Centre Working Paper 35, 2007.
30. National Board of Health and Welfare (Sweden). Public Health in Sweden-Status Report 2005. http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/Publicerat/2006/9081/Summary2006-1317.htm (accessed July 16, 2007).
31. Vagero D., and Erikson R. Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in western Europe. Lancet 350 (1997) 516-518
32. Navarro V., Muntaner C., Borrell C., et al. Politics and health outcomes. Lancet 368 (2006) 1033-1037
33. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Socioeconomic determinants of health: FRISK-satsningen, Norrbotten, Sweden. http://www.euro.who.int/socialdeterminants/socmarketing/20070220_3 (accessed Sept 3, 2007).
34. Weinehall L., Westman G., Hellsten G., et al. Shifting the distribution of risk: results of a community intervention in a Swedish programme for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Epidemiol Community Health 53 (1999) 243-250
35. Weinehall L., Hellsten G., Boman K., Hallmans G., Asplund K., and Wall S. Can a sustainable community intervention reduce the health gap?-10-year evaluation of a Swedish community intervention program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Scand J Public Health Suppl 56 (2001) 59-68
36. Gwatkin D., Rutstein S., Johnson K., Suliman E., and Wagstaff A. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population (2000), The World Bank, Washington, DC
37. Grantham-McGregor S., Cheung Y., Cueto S., Glewwe P., Richter L., and Strupp B. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet 369 (2007) 60-70
38. UN-HABITAT. The Millennium Declaration: an urban perspective (2005), United Nations Human Settlements Programme & World Bank, Nairobi
39. Bartley M., Ferrie J., and Montgomery S. Living in a high unemployment economy: understanding the health consequences. In: Marmot M., and Wilkinson R. (Eds). Social determinants of health (2006), Oxford University Press, Oxford
40. Benach J., and Muntaner C. Precarious employment and health: developing a research agenda. J Epidemiol Community Health 61 (2007) 276-277
41. Marmot M., Siegrist J., and Theorell T. Health and the psychosocial environment at work. In: Marmot M., and Wilkinson R. (Eds). Social determinants of health. 2nd edn. (2006), Oxford University Press, Oxford 97-130
42. Najman J., Williams G., and Room R. Increasing socioeconomic inequalities in male cirrhosis of the liver mortality: Australia 1981-2002. Drug Alcohol Rev 26 (2007) 273-278
43. Huisman M., Kunst A., and Mackenbach J. Inequalities in the prevalence of smoking in the European Union: comparing education and income. Prev Med 40 (2005) 756-764
44. Room R., Babor T., and Rehm J. Alcohol and public health. Lancet 365 (2005) 519-530
45. Popkin B. Nutritional patterns and transition. Population and Development Review 19 (1993) 139-157
46. Hawkes C., Chopra M., Friel S., Lang T., and Thow A. Globalisation, food and nutrition transitions. WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2007), Working Paper Globalisation Knowledge Network
47. Friel S, Chopra M, Satcher D. Unequal weight: equitable policy responses to the global obesity epidemic. Commissioned by BMJ (in preparation).
48. Gwatkin D., Bhuiya A., and Victora C. Making health systems more equitable. Lancet 364 (2004) 1273-1280
49. Palmer N., Mueller D., Gilson L., Mills A., and Haines A. Health financing to promote access in low income settings-how much do we know?. Lancet 364 (2004) 1365-1370
50. Whitehead M., Dahlgren G., and Evans T. Equity and health sector reforms: can low-income countries escape the medical poverty trap?. Lancet 358 (2001) 833-836
51. Gottlieb S. Medical bills account for 40% of bankruptcies. BMJ 320 (2000) 1295
52. Xu K., Evans D., Carrin G., Aguilar-Rivera A., Musgrove P., and Evans T. Protecting households from catastrophic health spending. Health Aff (Millwood) 26 (2007) 972-983
53. PAHO. Renewing primary health care in the Americas: a position paper of the Pan American Health Organisation/World Health Organisation (2007), Pan American Health Organisation, Washington, DC
54. Inter-Parliament Union Database on "women in national parliaments". http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm (accessed June 25, 2007).
55. Lundberg O., Yngwe M.A., Kolegard Stjarne M., Bjork L., and Fritzell J. The Nordic experience: welfare states and public health (2007), Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm
56. Birdsall N. Inequality matters: why globalisation doesn't lift all boats. Boston Review (2007) (March/April).
57. Cline W. Trade policy and global poverty (2004), Center for Global Development and Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC
58. Birdsall N. The world is not flat: inequality and injustice in our global economy. WIDER Annual Lecture, 2005 (2006), World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki
59. UNDESA. World economic situation and prospects (2006), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York
60. OECD. Towards Asia's sustainable development: the role of social protection (2002), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, France
61. WHO. Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978), World Health Organization
62. Catford J. The Bangkok Conference: steering countries to build national capacity for health promotion. Health Promot Int 20 (2005) 1-6
63. WHO. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986), World Health Organization
64. People's Charter for Health. People's Health Movement, 2000.
65. Tajer D. Latin American social medicine: roots, development during the 1990s, and current challenges. Am J Public Health 93 (2003) 2023-2027
66. UN. Millennium Development Goals (2000), United Nations, New York