Death Receptors and Apoptosis

Dermatologic Clinics

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 487-501

  Contassot, Emmanuel ^a   Gaide, Olivier ^b   French, Lars E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEATH RECEPTOR; DEATH RECEPTOR 4; FAS LIGAND; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR;

APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MELANOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKIN DISEASE; TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS;

APOPTOSIS; HUMANS; RECEPTORS, DEATH DOMAIN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKIN DISEASES; SKIN PHYSIOLOGY; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS;

EID: 34548857609     PISSN: 07338635     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2007.06.010     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. Fuchs P., Strehl S., Dworzak M., et al. Structure of the human TNF receptor 1 (p60) gene (TNFR1) and localization to chromosome 12p13. Genomics 13 (1992) 219-224
2. Cheng J., Liu C., Koopman W.J., et al. Characterization of human Fas gene. Exon/intron organization and promoter region. J Immunol 154 (1995) 1239-1245
3. Beltinger C.P., White P.S., Maris J.M., et al. Physical mapping and genomic structure of the human TNFR2 gene. Genomics 35 (1996) 94-100
4. Locksley R.M., Killeen N., and Lenardo M.J. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell 104 (2001) 487-501
5. Bodmer J.L., Schneider P., and Tschopp J. The molecular architecture of the TNF superfamily. Trends Biochem Sci 27 (2002) 19-26
6. Schulze-Osthoff K., Ferrari D., Los M., et al. Apoptosis signaling by death receptors. Eur J Biochem 254 (1998) 439-459
7. Salvesen G.S., and Dixit V.M. Caspase activation: the induced-proximity model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (1999) 10964-10967
8. Fischer U., Janicke R.U., and Schulze-Osthoff K. Many cuts to ruin: a comprehensive update of caspase substrates. Cell Death Differ 10 (2003) 76-100
9. Micheau O., and Tschopp J. Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell 114 (2003) 181-190
10. Griffith T.S., Brunner T., Fletcher S.M., et al. Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege. Science 270 (1995) 1189-1192
11. Schneider P., Holler N., Bodmer J.L., et al. Conversion of membrane-bound Fas(CD95) ligand to its soluble form is associated with downregulation of its proapoptotic activity and loss of liver toxicity. J Exp Med 187 (1998) 1205-1213
12. Pitti R.M., Marsters S.A., Lawrence D.A., et al. Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lung and colon cancer. Nature 396 (1998) 699-703
13. Pan G., Ni J., Wei Y.F., et al. An antagonist decoy receptor and a death domain-containing receptor for TRAIL. Science 277 (1997) 815-818
14. Sheridan J.P., Marsters S.A., Pitti R.M., et al. Control of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by a family of signaling and decoy receptors. Science 277 (1997) 818-821
15. Thome M., Schneider P., Hofmann K., et al. Viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) prevent apoptosis induced by death receptors. Nature 386 (1997) 517-521
16. Irmler M., Thome M., Hahne M., et al. Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP. Nature 388 (1997) 190-195
17. Roy N., Deveraux Q.L., Takahashi R., et al. The c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 proteins are direct inhibitors of specific caspases. EMBO J 16 (1997) 6914-6925
18. Deveraux Q.L., and Reed J.C. IAP family proteins-suppressors of apoptosis. Genes Dev 13 (1999) 239-252
19. Gravestein L.A., and Borst J. Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members in the immune system. Semin Immunol 10 (1998) 423-434
20. Leithauser F., Dhein J., Mechtersheimer G., et al. Constitutive and induced expression of APO-1, a new member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, in normal and neoplastic cells. Lab Invest 69 (1993) 415-429
21. Oishi M., Maeda K., and Sugiyama S. Distribution of apoptosis-mediating Fas antigen in human skin and effects of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody on human epidermal keratinocyte and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Arch Dermatol Res 286 (1994) 396-407
22. Sayama K., Yonehara S., Watanabe Y., et al. Expression of Fas antigen on keratinocytes in vivo and induction of apoptosis in cultured keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 103 (1994) 330-334
23. Matsue H., Kobayashi H., Hosokawa T., et al. Keratinocytes constitutively express the Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis in IFN gamma-treated cultured keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 287 (1995) 315-320
24. Leverkus M., Yaar M., and Gilchrest B.A. Fas/Fas ligand interaction contributes to UV-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 232 (1997) 255-262
25. Viard I., Wehrli P., Bullani R., et al. Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin. Science 282 (1998) 490-493
26. de Panfilis G., Semenza D., Lavazza A., et al. Keratinocytes constitutively express the CD95 ligand molecule on the plasma membrane: an in situ immunoelectron microscopy study on ultracryosections of normal human skin. Br J Dermatol 147 (2002) 7-12
27. Viard-Leveugle I., Bullani R.R., Meda P., et al. Intracellular localization of keratinocyte Fas ligand explains lack of cytolytic activity under physiological conditions. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 16183-16188
28. Young A.R. The sunburn cell. Photodermatol 4 (1987) 127-134
29. Daniels Jr. F., Brophy D., and Lobitz Jr. W.C. Histochemical responses of human skin following ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 37 (1961) 351-357
30. Henseleit U., Zhang J., Wanner R., et al. Role of p53 in UVB-induced apoptosis in human HaCaT keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 109 (1997) 722-727
31. Hall P.A., McKee P.H., Menage H.D., et al. High levels of p53 protein in UV-irradiated normal human skin. Oncogene 8 (1993) 203-207
32. Brash D.E., Rudolph J.A., Simon J.A., et al. A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (1991) 10124-10128
33. Ananthaswamy H.N., Loughlin S.M., Cox P., et al. Sunlight and skin cancer: inhibition of p53 mutations in UV-irradiated mouse skin by sunscreens. Nat Med 3 (1997) 510-514
34. Ouhtit A., Gorny A., Muller H.K., et al. Loss of Fas-ligand expression in mouse keratinocytes during UV carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 157 (2000) 1975-1981
35. Hill L.L., Ouhtit A., Loughlin S.M., et al. Fas ligand: a sensor for DNA damage critical in skin cancer etiology. Science 285 (1999) 898-900
36. Rehemtulla A., Hamilton C.A., Chinnaiyan A.M., et al. Ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of CD-95 (Fas/APO-1). J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 25783-25786
37. Aragane Y., Kulms D., Metze D., et al. Ultraviolet light induces apoptosis via direct activation of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) independently of its ligand CD95L. J Cell Biol 140 (1998) 171-182
38. Bachmann F., Buechner S.A., Wernli M., et al. Ultraviolet light downregulates CD95 ligand and TRAIL receptor expression facilitating actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma formation. J Invest Dermatol 117 (2001) 59-66
39. Buechner S.A., Wernli M., Harr T., et al. Regression of basal cell carcinoma by intralesional interferon-alpha treatment is mediated by CD95 (Apo-1/Fas)-CD95 ligand-induced suicide. J Clin Invest 100 (1997) 2691-2696
40. Gutierrez-Steil C., Wrone-Smith T., Sun X., et al. Sunlight-induced basal cell carcinoma tumor cells and ultraviolet-B-irradiated psoriatic plaques express Fas ligand (CD95L). J Clin Invest 101 (1998) 33-39
41. Fenton R.G., Hixon J.A., Wright P.W., et al. Inhibition of Fas (CD95) expression and Fas-mediated apoptosis by oncogenic Ras. Cancer Res 58 (1998) 3391-3400
42. Peli J., Schroter M., Rudaz C., et al. Oncogenic Ras inhibits Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Fas. EMBO J 18 (1999) 1824-1831
43. Hill L.L., Shreedhar V.K., Kripke M.L., et al. A critical role for Fas ligand in the active suppression of systemic immune responses by ultraviolet radiation. J Exp Med 189 (1999) 1285-1294
44. Byrne S.N., and Halliday G.M. High levels of Fas ligand and MHC class II in the absence of CD80 or CD86 expression and a decreased CD4+ T cell Infiltration, enables murine skin tumours to progress. Cancer Immunol Immunother 52 (2003) 396-402
45. Mitra R.S., Wrone-Smith T., Simonian P., et al. Apoptosis in keratinocytes is not dependent on induction of differentiation. Lab Invest 76 (1997) 99-107
46. Gandarillas A., Goldsmith L.A., Gschmeissner S., et al. Evidence that apoptosis and terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes are distinct processes. Exp Dermatol 8 (1999) 71-79
47. Weil M., Raff M.C., and Braga V.M. Caspase activation in the terminal differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes. Curr Biol 9 (1999) 361-364
48. Candi E., Schmidt R., and Melino G. The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6 (2005) 328-340
49. Rieux-Laucat F., Le Deist F., Hivroz C., et al. Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity. Science 268 (1995) 1347-1349
50. Vaishnaw A.K., Orlinick J.R., Chu J.L., et al. The molecular basis for apoptotic defects in patients with CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) mutations. J Clin Invest 103 (1999) 355-363
51. Straus S.E., Jaffe E.S., Puck J.M., et al. The development of lymphomas in families with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome with germline Fas mutations and defective lymphocyte apoptosis. Blood 98 (2001) 194-200
52. Wu J., Wilson J., He J., et al. Fas ligand mutation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative disease. J Clin Invest 98 (1996) 1107-1113
53. Stander S., and Schwarz T. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is expressed in normal skin and cutaneous inflammatory diseases, but not in chronically UV-exposed skin and non-melanoma skin cancer. Am J Dermatopathol 27 (2005) 116-121
54. Kothny-Wilkes G., Kulms D., Poppelmann B., et al. Interleukin-1 protects transformed keratinocytes from tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. J Biol Chem 273 (1998) 29247-29253
55. Yagita H., Takeda K., Hayakawa Y., et al. TRAIL and its receptors as targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Sci 95 (2004) 777-783
56. Qin J.Z., Bacon P., Panella J., et al. Low-dose UV-radiation sensitizes keratinocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 200 (2004) 155-166
57. Kothny-Wilkes G., Kulms D., Luger T.A., et al. Interleukin-1 protects transformed keratinocytes from tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- and CD95-induced apoptosis but not from ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 274 (1999) 28916-28921
58. Kristensen M., Chu C.Q., Eedy D.J., et al. Localization of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its receptors in normal and psoriatic skin: epidermal cells express the 55-kD but not the 75-kD TNF receptor. Clin Exp Immunol 94 (1993) 354-362
59. Schottelius A.J., Moldawer L.L., Dinarello C.A., et al. Biology of tumor necrosis factor-alpha- implications for psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 13 (2004) 193-222
60. Corsini E., and Galli C.L. Cytokines and irritant contact dermatitis. Toxicol Lett 102-3 (1998) 277-282
61. Darwin C. The variation of animal and plants under domestication. 2nd edition (1875), John Murray, London
62. Kere J., Srivastava A.K., Montonen O., et al. X-linked anhidrotic (hypohidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia is caused by mutation in a novel transmembrane protein. Nat Genet 13 (1996) 409-416
63. Monreal A.W., Ferguson B.M., Headon D.J., et al. Mutations in the human homologue of mouse dl cause autosomal recessive and dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Nat Genet 22 (1999) 366-369
64. Headon D.J., Emmal S.A., Ferguson B.M., et al. Gene defect in ectodermal dysplasia implicates a death domain adapter in development. Nature 414 (2001) 913-916
65. Thesleff I., and Mikkola M.L. Death receptor signaling giving life to ectodermal organs. Sci STKE 2002 131 (2002) 22
66. Smahi A., Courtois G., Rabia S.H., et al. The NF-kappaB signalling pathway in human diseases: from incontinentia pigmenti to ectodermal dysplasias and immune-deficiency syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 11 (2002) 2371-2375
67. Schneider P., Street S.L., Gaide O., et al. Mutations leading to X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia affect three major functional domains in the tumor necrosis factor family member ectodysplasin-A. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 18819-18827
68. Gaide O., and Schneider P. Permanent correction of an inherited ectodermal dysplasia with recombinant EDA. Nat Med 9 (2003) 614-618
69. Roujeau J.C., and Stern R.S. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med 331 (1994) 1272-1285
70. Yawalkar N., Egli F., Hari Y., et al. Infiltration of cytotoxic T cells in drug-induced cutaneous eruptions. Clin Exp Allergy 30 (2000) 847-855
71. Pichler W.J. T cells in drug allergy. T cells in drug allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2 (2002) 9-15
72. Miyauchi H., Hosokawa H., Akaeda T., et al. T-cell subsets in drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Possible pathogenic mechanism induced by CD8-positive T cells. Arch Dermatol 127 (1991) 851-855
73. Correia O., Delgado L., Ramos J.P., et al. Cutaneous T-cell recruitment in toxic epidermal necrolysis. Further evidence of CD8+ lymphocyte involvement. Arch Dermatol 129 (1993) 466-468
74. Posadas S.J., et al. Delayed reactions to drugs show levels of perforin, granzyme B, and Fas-L to be related to disease severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109 (2002) 155-161
75. Ferrara J.L., and Deeg H.J. Graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med 324 (1991) 667-674
76. Hill G.R., Crawford J.M., Cooke K.R., et al. Total body irradiation and acute graft-versus-host disease: the role of gastrointestinal damage and inflammatory cytokines. Blood 90 (1997) 3204-3213
77. Nestel F.P., Price K.S., Seemayer T.A., et al. Macrophage priming and lipopolysaccharide-triggered release of tumor necrosis factor alpha during graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med 175 (1992) 405-413
78. Gilliam A.C., Whitaker-Menezes D., Korngold R., et al. Apoptosis is the predominant form of epithelial target cell injury in acute experimental graft-versus-host disease. J Invest Dermatol 107 (1996) 377-383
79. Schmaltz C., Alpdogan O., Muriglan S.J., et al. Donor T cell-derived TNF is required for graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-tumor activity after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 101 (2003) 2440-2445
80. Herve P., Flesch M., Tiberghien P., et al. Phase I-II trial of a monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody for the treatment of refractory severe acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood 79 (1992) 3362-3368
81. Cooke K.R., Hill G.R., Gerbitz A., et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization reduces lung injury after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 70 (2000) 272-279
82. Laster S.M., Wood J.G., and Gooding L.R. Tumor necrosis factor can induce both apoptic and necrotic forms of cell lysis. J Immunol 141 (1988) 2629-2634
83. Hill G.R., and Ferrara J.L. The primacy of the gastrointestinal tract as a target organ of acute graft-versus-host disease: rationale for the use of cytokine shields in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 95 (2000) 2754-2759
84. Ferrara J.L., Levy R., and Chao N.J. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute graft-vs.-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 5 (1999) 347-356
85. Sale G.E. Does graft-versus-host disease attack epithelial stem cells?. Mol Med Today 2 (1996) 114-119
86. Lowin B., Hahne M., Mattmann C., et al. Cytolytic T-cell cytotoxicity is mediated through perforin and Fas lytic pathways. Nature 370 (1994) 650-652
87. Kagi D., Vignaux F., Ledermann B., et al. Fas and perforin pathways as major mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Science 265 (1994) 528-530
88. Baker M.B., Altman N.H., Podack E.R., et al. The role of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in acute GVHD after MHC-matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. J Exp Med 183 (1996) 2645-2656
89. Braun M.Y., Lowin B., French L., et al. Cytotoxic T cells deficient in both functional fas ligand and perforin show residual cytolytic activity yet lose their capacity to induce lethal acute graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med 183 (1996) 657-661
90. Tsukada N., Kobata T., Aizawa Y., et al. Graft-versus-leukemia effect and graft-versus-host disease can be differentiated by cytotoxic mechanisms in a murine model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 93 (1999) 2738-2747
91. Hattori K., Hirano T., Miyajima H., et al. Differential effects of anti-Fas ligand and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies on acute graft-versus-host disease pathologies. Blood 91 (1998) 4051-4055
92. Miwa K., Hashimoto H., Yatomi T., et al. Therapeutic effect of an anti-Fas ligand mAb on lethal graft-versus-host disease. Int Immunol 11 (1999) 925-931
93. Maeda Y., Levy R.B., Reddy P., et al. Both perforin and Fas ligand are required for the regulation of alloreactive CD8+ T cells during acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood 105 (2005) 2023-2027
94. Hug H. Fas-mediated apoptosis in tumor formation and defense. Biol Chem 378 (1997) 1405-1412
95. Shin M.S., Park W.S., Kim S.Y., et al. Alterations of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) gene in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Am J Pathol 154 (1999) 1785-1791
96. Bullani R.R., Wehrli P., Viard-Leveugle I., et al. Frequent downregulation of Fas (CD95) expression and function in melanoma. Melanoma Res 12 (2002) 263-270
97. Muschen M., Warskulat U., and Beckmann M.W. Defining CD95 as a tumor suppressor gene. J Mol Med 78 (2000) 312-325
98. Helmbach H., Rossmann E., Kern M.A., et al. Drug-resistance in human melanoma. Int J Cancer 93 (2001) 617-622
99. Owen-Schaub L.B., van Golen K.L., Hill L.L., et al. Fas and Fas ligand interactions suppress melanoma lung metastasis. J Exp Med 188 (1998) 1717-1723
100. Chan H., Bartos D.P., and Owen-Schaub L.B. Activation-dependent transcriptional regulation of the human Fas promoter requires NF-kappaB p50-p65 recruitment. Mol Cell Biol 19 (1999) 2098-2108
101. Ball N.J., Yohn J.J., Morelli J.G., et al. Ras mutations in human melanoma: a marker of malignant progression. J Invest Dermatol 102 (1994) 285-290
102. Jafari M., Papp T., Kirchner S., et al. Analysis of ras mutations in human melanocytic lesions: activation of the ras gene seems to be associated with the nodular type of human malignant melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 121 (1995) 23-30
103. Wagner S.N., Ockenfels H.M., Wagner C., et al. Ras gene mutations: a rare event in nonmetastatic primary malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 104 (1995) 868-871
104. Urquhart J.L., Meech S.J., Marr D.G., et al. Regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by N-ras in melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 119 (2002) 556-561
105. Hussein M.R., Haemel A.K., and Wood G.S. Apoptosis and melanoma: molecular mechanisms. J Pathol 199 (2003) 275-288
106. Bennett M., Macdonald K., Chan S.W., et al. Cell surface trafficking of Fas: a rapid mechanism of p53-mediated apoptosis. Science 282 (1998) 290-293
107. Chen Y.R., and Tan T.H. Lack of correlation in JNK activation and p53-dependent Fas expression induced by apoptotic stimuli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 256 (1999) 595-599
108. Petak I., Tillman D.M., and Houghton J.A. p53 dependence of Fas induction and acute apoptosis in response to 5-fluorouracil-leucovorin in human colon carcinoma cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 6 (2000) 4432-4441
109. Griffith T.S., Chin W.A., Jackson G.C., et al. Intracellular regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. J Immunol 161 (1998) 2833-2840
110. Zhang X.D., Franco A., Myers K., et al. Relation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and FLICE-inhibitory protein expression to TRAIL-induced apoptosis of melanoma. Cancer Res 59 (1999) 2747-2753
111. Bullani R.R., Huard B., Viard-Leveugle I., et al. Selective expression of FLIP in malignant melanocytic skin lesions. J Invest Dermatol 117 (2001) 360-364
112. Song J.H., Song D.K., Herlyn M., et al. Cisplatin down-regulation of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like inhibitory proteins to restore tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 9 (2003) 4255-4266
113. Chawla-Sarkar M., Bae S.I., Reu F.J., et al. Down regulation of Bcl-2, FLIP or IAPs (XIAP and survivin) by siRNAs sensitizes resistant melanoma cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 11 (2004) 915-923
114. Zeise E., Weichenthal M., Schwarz T., et al. Resistance of human melanoma cells against the death ligand TRAIL is reversed by ultraviolet-B radiation via downregulation of FLIP. J Invest Dermatol 123 (2004) 746-754
115. Raisova M., Hossini A.M., Eberle J., et al. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio determines the susceptibility of human melanoma cells to CD95/Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 117 (2001) 333-340
116. Fecker L.F., Geilen C.C., Tchernev G., et al. Loss of proapoptotic Bcl-2-related multidomain proteins in primary melanomas is associated with poor prognosis. J Invest Dermatol 126 (2006) 1366-1371
117. Leverkus M., and Gollnick H. "Bak (and Bax) to the future"--of primary melanoma prognosis?. J Invest Dermatol 126 (2006) 1212-1214
118. Hahne M., Rimoldi D., Schroter M., et al. Melanoma cell expression of Fas(Apo-1/CD95) ligand: implications for tumor immune escape. Science 274 (1996) 1363-1366
119. Walker P.R., Saas P., and Dietrich P.Y. Role of Fas ligand (CD95L) in immune escape: the tumor cell strikes back. J Immunol 158 (1997) 4521-4524
120. Zaks T.Z., Chappell D.B., Rosenberg S.A., et al. Fas-mediated suicide of tumor-reactive T cells following activation by specific tumor: selective rescue by caspase inhibition. J Immunol 162 (1999) 3273-3279
121. Hersey P., and Zhang X.D. How melanoma cells evade trail-induced apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer 1 (2001) 142-150
122. Zhang X.Y., Zhang X.D., Borrow J.M., et al. Translational control of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptor expression in melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 10606-10614
123. Kurbanov B.M., Geilen C.C., Fecker L.F., et al. Efficient TRAIL-R1/DR4-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). J Invest Dermatol 125 (2005) 1010-1019
124. Zhuang L., Lee C.S., Scolyer R.A., et al. Progression in melanoma is associated with decreased expression of death receptors for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Hum Pathol 37 (2006) 1286-1294
125. McCarthy M.M., DiVito K.A., Sznol M., et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor--related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors 1 and 2 in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 12 (2006) 3856-3863
126. Carrel S., Hartmann F., Salvi S., et al. Expression of type A and B tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors on melanoma cells can be regulated by dbc-AMP and IFN gamma. Int J Cancer 62 (1995) 76-83
127. Ivanov V.N., Fodstad O., and Ronai Z. Expression of ring finger-deleted TRAF2 sensitizes metastatic melanoma cells to apoptosis via up-regulation of p38, TNFalpha and suppression of NF-kappaB activities. Oncogene 20 (2001) 2243-2253
128. Bakker T.R., Reed D., Renno T., et al. Efficient adenoviral transfer of NF-kappaB inhibitor sensitizes melanoma to tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis. Int J Cancer 80 (1999) 320-323
129. Baud V., and Karin M. Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives. Trends Cell Biol 11 (2001) 372-377
130. Toro J.R., Aksentijevich I., Hull K., et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome: a novel syndrome with cutaneous manifestations. Arch Dermatol 136 (2000) 1487-1494
131. Rebelo S.L., Bainbridge S.E., Amel-Kashipaz M.R., et al. Modeling of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A mutants associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome indicates misfolding consistent with abnormal function. Arthritis Rheum 54 (2006) 2674-2687