The Role of Coping in the Relationship Between Perceived Racism and Racism-Related Stress for Asian Americans: Gender Differences

Journal of Counseling Psychology

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 132-141

  Liang, Christopher T H ^a   Alvarez, Alvin N ^b   Juang, Linda P ^b   Liang, Mandy X ^b  

^a University of La

^b SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian Americans; coping; racism; racism related stress

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTION; RACE DIFFERENCE; RACISM; SEX DIFFERENCE; STRESS;

EID: 34548852841     PISSN: 00220167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.54.2.132     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Alvarez, A. N., Sanematsu, D., Woo, D., Espinueva, M., Kongthong, J. (2006, August). Racism's impact on the psychological well-being of Chinese Americans. Poster session presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA.
2. Asamen J.K., and Berry G.L. Self-concept, alienation, and perceived prejudice: Implications for counseling Asian Americans. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 15 (1987) 146-160
3. Baron R.M., and Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (1986) 1173-1182
4. Bianchi F.T., Zea M.C., Poppen P.J., Reisen C.A., and Echeverry J.J. Coping as a mediator of the impact of sociocultural factors on health behavior among HIV-positive Latino gay men. Psychology & Health 19 (2004) 89-101
5. Billings A.G., and Moos R.H. Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (1984) 877-891
6. Boeckmann R.J., and Liew J. Hate speech: Asian American students' justice judgments and psychological responses. Journal of Social Issues 58 (2002) 363-381
7. Carver C.S. COPE (complete version) (2006). http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/ccarver/sclCOPEf.html Retrieved September 8, 2006, from http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/ccarver/sclCOPEf.html
8. Carver C.S., Scheier M.F., and Weintraub J.K. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989) 267-283
9. Chan S. Asian Americans: An interpretive history (1991), Twayne, Boston
10. Chiu Y.W., and Ring J.M. Chinese and Vietnamese immigrant adolescents under pressure: Identifying stressors and interventions. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 29 (1998) 444-449
11. Dempsey M. Negative coping as mediator in the relation between violence and outcomes: Inner-city African American youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72 (2002) 102-109
12. Dion K.L. The social psychology of perceived prejudice and discrimination. Canadian Psychology 43 (2002) 1-10
13. Folkman S. Coping and health. In: Halonen J.S., and Davis S.F. (Eds). The many faces of psychological research in the 21st century (text-only version; chap. 1) (2001). http://teachpsych.lemoyne.edu/teachpsych/faces/text/Ch01.htm Retrieved June 28, 2006, from http://teachpsych.lemoyne.edu/teachpsych/faces/text/Ch01.htm
14. Folkman S., and Lazarus R.S. Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 466-475
15. Frazier P.A., Tix A.P., and Barron K.E. Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology 51 (2004) 115-134
16. Greene M.L., Way N., and Pahl K. Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: Patterns and psychological correlates. Developmental Psychology 42 (2006) 218-238
17. Harrell, S. P. (1997). The Racism and Life Experiences Scales-Revised. Unpublished manuscript.
18. Harrell S.P. A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: Implications for the well-being of people of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 70 (2000) 42-57
19. Harrell, S. P., Merchant, M. A., Young, S. A. (1997, August). Psychometric properties of the Racism and Life Experiences Scales. Paper presented at the 105th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
20. Kuo W.H. Coping with racial discrimination: The case of Asian Americans. Ethnic and Racial Studies 18 (1995) 109-127
21. Landrine H., and Klonoff E.A. The schedule of racist events: A measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. Journal of Black Psychology 22 (1996) 144-168
22. Lazarus R.S. Theory-based stress measurement. Psychological Inquiry 1 (1990) 3-13
23. Lazarus R.S., and Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping (1984), Springer Publishing Company, New York
24. Lee R.M. Do ethnic identity and other-group orientation protect against discrimination for Asian Americans?. Journal of Counseling Psychology 50 (2003) 133-141
25. Lee R.M. Resilience against discrimination: Ethnic identity and other-group orientation as protective factors for Korean Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology 52 (2005) 36-44
26. Lee R.M., and Liu H.T.T. Coping with intergenerational family conflict: Comparison of Asian American, Hispanic, and European American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology 48 (2001) 410-419
27. Liang, C. T. H., & Fassinger, R. E. (in press). The role of collective self-esteem for Asian Americans experiencing racism-related stress: A test of moderator and mediator hypotheses. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology
28. Liang C.T.H., Li L.C., and Kim B.K.S. The Asian American Racism-Related Stress Inventory: Development, factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Journal of Counseling Psychology 51 (2004) 103-114
29. Litman J.A. The COPE Inventory: Dimensionality and relationships with approach- and avoidance-motives and positive and negative traits. Personality and Individual Differences 41 (2005) 273-284
30. McNeilly M.D., Anderson N.B., Armstead C.A., Clark R., Corbett M., Robinson E.L., Pieper C.F., and Lepisto E.M. The Perceived Racism Scale: A multidimensional assessment of the experience of White racism among African Americans. Ethnicity and Disease 6 (1996) 154-166
31. Noh S., Beiser M., Kaspar V., Hou F., and Rummens A. Perceived racial discrimination, coping, and depression among Asian refugees in Canada. Journal of Health Social Behavior 40 (1999) 193-207
32. Noh S., and Kaspar V. Perceived discrimination and depression: Moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. American Journal of Public Health 93 (2003) 232-238
33. Pearlin L.I. The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 30 (1989) 241-256
34. Rudkin J.K. Community psychology: Guiding principles and orienting concepts (2003), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
35. Smedley B.D., Myers H.F., and Harrell S.P. Minority-status stresses and the college adjustment of ethnic minority freshmen. Journal of Higher Education 64 (1993) 434-452
36. Sue D.W. Racism and the conspiracy of silence: Presidential address. The Counseling Psychologist 33 (2005) 100-114
37. Takaki R. Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans (1998), Back Bay Books, Boston
38. Terrell F., and Terrell S. An inventory to measure cultural mistrust among Blacks. Western Journal of Black Studies 5 (1981) 180-184
39. Utsey S.O., Ponterotto J.G., Reynolds A.L., and Cancelli A.A. Racial discrimination, coping, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among African Americans. Journal of Counseling & Development 78 (2000) 72-80
40. Wu F.H. Yellow: Race in America beyond Black and White (2002), Basic Books, New York
41. Yee B.W.K., Huang L.N., and Lew A. Families: Life-span socialization in a cultural context. In: Lee L.C., and Zane N.W.S. (Eds). Handbook of Asian American psychology (1998), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 83-135
42. Yoo H.C., and Lee R.M. Ethnic identity and approach-type coping as moderators of the racial discrimination/well-being relation in Asian Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology 52 (2005) 497-506