An integrated culture and real-time PCR method to assess viability of disinfectant treated Bacillus spores using robotics and the MPN quantification method

Journal of Microbiological Methods

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 66-70

  Varughese, Eunice A ^a   Wymer, Larry J ^a   Haugland, Richard A ^a  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bacillus; Disinfection; MPN; Recovery of injured spores; Robotics

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE; DISINFECTANT AGENT;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS; BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS; BACTERIAL SPORE; BACTERIAL VIABILITY; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MOST PROBABLE NUMBER METHOD; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; ROBOTICS;

BACILLUS; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; CELL COUNT; CULTURE MEDIA; DISINFECTANTS; DISINFECTION; DNA, BACTERIAL; MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; ROBOTICS; SPORES, BACTERIAL;

BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS;

EID: 34548824059     PISSN: 01677012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.07.011     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Abshire R.L., Bain B., and Williams T. Resistance and recovery studies on ultraviolet-irradiated spores of Bacillus pumilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39 (1980) 695-701
2. Atlas R.M. Responding to the threat of bioterrorism: a microbial ecology perspective-the case of anthrax. Int. Microbiol. 5 (2002) 161-167
3. Beecher D.J. Forensic application of microbiological culture analysis to identify mail intentionally contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (2006) 5304-5310
4. Buttner M.P., Cruz-Perez P., and Stetzenbach L.D. Enhanced detection of surface-associated bacteria in indoor environments by quantitative PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 2564-2570
5. Buttner M.P., Cruz P., Stetzenbach L.D., Klima-Comba A.K., Stevens V.L., and Cronin T.D. Determination of the efficacy of two building decontamination strategies by surface sampling with culture and quantitative PCR analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 (2004) 4740-4747
6. Domanico M.J., and Phillips R.B. Phylogenetic analysis of Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 4 (1995) 366-371
7. Hansen B.M., Damgaard P.H., Eilenberg J., and Pedersen J.C. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from leaves and insects. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 71 (1998) 106-114
8. Henchal E.A., Teska J.D., Ludwig G.V., Shoemaker D.R., and Ezzell J.W. Current laboratory methods for biological threat agent identification. Clin. Lab. Med. 21 (2001) 661-678
9. Higgins J.A., Cooper M., Schroeder-Tucker L., Black S., Miller D., Karns J.S., Manthey E., Breeze R., and Perdue M.L. A field investigation of Bacillus anthracis contamination of U.S. Department of Agriculture and other Washington, D.C., buildings during the anthrax attack of October 2001. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 593-599
10. Hubaux A., and Vos G. Decision and detection limits for linear calibration curves. Anal. Chem. 42 (1970) 849-855
11. Kabir S., Rajendran N., Amemiya T., and Itoh K. Real-time quantitative PCR assay on bacterial DNA: in a model soil system and environmental samples. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 49 (2003) 101-109
12. Kida N., Mochizuki Y., and Taguchi F. An effective sporicidal reagent against Bacillus subtilis spores. Microbiol. Immunol. 47 (2003) 279-283
13. Makino S.I., Cheun H.I., Watarai M., Uchida I., and Takeshi K. Detection of anthrax spores from the air by real-time PCR. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 33 (2001) 237-240
14. Nicholson W.L., Munakata N., Horneck G., Melosh H.J., and Setlow P. Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64 (2000) 548-572
15. Osborne C.M., and Bremer P.J. Development of a technique to quantify the effectiveness of enrichment regimes in recovering "stressed" Listeria cells. J. Food Prot. 65 (2002) 1122-1128
16. Perez J., Springthorpe V.S., and Sattar S.A. Activity of selected oxidizing microbiocides against the spores of Clostridium difficile: relevance to environmental control. Am. J. Infect. Control 33 (2005) 320-325
17. Rice E.W., Adcock N.J., Sivaganesan M., and Rose L.J. Inactivation of spores of Bacillus anthracis Sterne, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by chlorination. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005) 5587-5589
18. Rogers J.V., Sabourin C.L., Choi Y.W., Richter W.R., Rudnicki D.C., Riggs K.B., Taylor M.L., and Chang J. Decontamination assessment of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surfaces using a hydrogen peroxide gas generator. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99 (2005) 739-748
19. Ryu C., Lee K., Yoo C., Seong W.K., and Oh H.B. Sensitive and rapid quantitative detection of anthrax spores isolated from soil samples by real-time PCR. Microbiol. Immunol. 47 (2003) 693-699
20. Sagripanti J.L., Carrera M., Insalaco J., Ziemski M., Rogers J., and Zandomeni R. Virulent spores of Bacillus anthracis and other Bacillus species deposited on solid surfaces have similar sensitivity to chemical decontaminants. J. Appl. Microbiol. 102 (2007) 11-21
21. Sanderson W.T., Hein M.J., Taylor L., Curwin B.D., Kinnes G.M., Seitz T.A., Popovic T., Holmes H.T., Kellum M.E., McAllister S.K., Whaley D.N., Tupin E.A., Walker T., Freed J.A., Small D.S., Klusaritz B., and Bridges J.H. Surface sampling methods for Bacillus anthracis spore contamination. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8 (2002) 1145-1151
22. Sanderson W.T., Stoddard R.R., Echt A.S., Piacitelli C.A., Kim D., Horan J., Davies M.M., McCleery R.E., Muller P., Schnorr T.M., Ward E.M., and Hales T.R. Bacillus anthracis contamination and inhalational anthrax in a mail processing and distribution center. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96 (2004) 1048-1056
23. Sivaganesan M., Adcock N.J., and Rice E.W. Inactivation of Bacillus globigii by chlorination: a hierarchical Bayesian model. J. Water Supply: Res. Technol., AQUA 55 (2006) 33-43
24. Sun D.X., and Setlow P. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of genes for a second type of small, acid-soluble spore proteins of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and "Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus". J. Bacteriol. 169 (1987) 3088-3093
25. Sutton S.V., Proud D.W., Rachui S., and Brannan D.K. Validation of microbial recovery from disinfectants. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 56 (2002) 255-266
26. Williams N.D., and Russell A.D. The nature and site of biocide-induced sublethal injury in Bacillus subtilis spores. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 99 (1992) 277-280
27. Williams N.D., and Russell A.D. Conditions suitable for the recovery of biocide-treated spores of Bacillus subtilis. Microbios 74 (1993) 121-129