Interacting Dimensions of Diversity: Cross-Categorization and the Functioning of Diverse Work Groups

Group Dynamics

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 79-94

  Homan, Astrid C ^a   van Knippenberg, Daan ^b   Van Kleef, Gerben A ^a   De Dreu, Carsten K W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b ERASMUS UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

cross categorization; diversity; group processes; information elaboration

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; GROUP DYNAMICS; GROUP STRUCTURE; HUMAN; POPULATION STRUCTURE; SEX RATIO; SOCIAL INTERACTION;

EID: 34548823810     PISSN: 10892699     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1089-2699.11.2.79     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Alagna S.W., Reddy D.M., and Collins D.L. Perceptions of functioning in mixed-sex and male medical training groups. Journal of Medical Education 57 (1982) 87-92
2. Ancona D.G., and Caldwell D.F. Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance. Organization Science 3 (1992) 321-341
3. Anderson N., and West M.A. The team climate inventory: Development of TCI and its applications in teambuilding for innovativeness. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 5 (1996) 53-66
4. Bain P.G., Mann L., and Pirola-Merlo A. The innovation imperative: The relationships between team climate, innovation, and performance in research and development teams. Small Group Research 32 (2001) 55-73
5. Bliese P.D. Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: Implications for data aggregation and analysis. In: Klein K.J., and Kozlowski S.W.J. (Eds). Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions (2000), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 349-381
6. Bowers C.A., Pharmer J.A., and Salas E. When member homogeneity is needed in work teams: A meta-analysis. Small Group Research 31 (2000) 305-327
7. Brewer M.B. Managing diversity: The role of social identities. In: Ruderman M.N., and Jackson S.E. (Eds). Diversity in work teams: Research paradigms for a changing workplace (1995), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 47-68
8. Brewer M.B. Reducing prejudice through cross-categorization: Effects of multiple social identities. In: Oskamp S. (Ed). Reducing prejudice and discrimination (2000), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 165-184
9. Brewer M.B., and Brown R.J. Intergroup relations. In: Gilbert D.T., and Fiske S.T. (Eds). The handbook of social psychology. 4th ed. 2 (1998), McGraw-Hill, New York 554-594
10. Brewer M.B., and Gaertner S.L. Toward reduction of prejudice: Intergroup contact and social categorization. In: Brown R., and Gaertner S.L. (Eds). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes (2001), Blackwell, Malden, MA 451-472
11. Brown D.J., and Lord R.G. The utility of experimental research in the study of transformational/charismatic leadership. Leadership Quarterly 10 (1999) 531-539
12. Brown R.J., and Turner J.C. The criss-cross categorization effect in intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 18 (1979) 371-383
13. Chatman J.A., Polzer J.T., Barsade S.G., and Neale M.A. Being different yet feeling similar: The influence of demographic composition and organizational culture on work processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly 43 (1998) 749-780
14. Cicchetti D.V., and Sparrow S.S. Developing criteria for establishing the interrater reliability of specific items in a given inventory: Applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 86 (1981) 127-137
15. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. (1988), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
16. Cohen J., Cohen P., West S.G., and Aiken L.S. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 3rd ed. (2003), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
17. Davis J.H. Group performance (1969), Addison Wesley, Reading, MA
18. De Dreu C.K.W., Harinck S., and van Vianen A.E.M. Conflict and performance in groups and organizations. In: Cooper C.L., and Robertson I.T. (Eds). International review of industrial and organizational psychology 14 (1999), Wiley, Chichester, United Kingdom 369-414
19. De Dreu C.K.W., and Weingart L.R. Task and relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (2003) 741-749
20. Deschamps J.C. Effect of crossing category membership on quantitative judgment. European Journal of Social Psychology 7 (1977) 517-521
21. Dipboye R.L. Laboratory vs. field research in industrial and organizational psychology. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 5 (1990) 1-34
22. Doise W. Groups and individuals: Explanations in Social Psychology (1978), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
23. Earley P.C., and Mosakowski E. Creating hybrid team cultures: An empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal 43 (2000) 26-49
24. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F., Rust M.C., Nier J.A., Banker B.S., Ward C.M., et al. Reducing intergroup bias: Elements of intergroup cooperation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 (1999) 388-402
25. Gaertner S.L., Mann J.A., Murrell A.J., and Dovidio J.F. Reduction of intergroup bias: The benefits of recategorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88 (1989) 816-826
26. George J.M. Personality, affect, and behavior in groups. Journal of Applied Psychology 75 (1990) 107-116
27. Glick W.H. Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multilevel research. Academy of Management Journal 10 (1985) 601-616
28. Gruenfeld D.H., Mannix E.A., Williams K.Y., and Neale M.A. Group composition and decision making: How member familiarity and information distribution affect process and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 67 (1996) 1-15
29. Harrison D.A., Price K.H., and Bell M.P. Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal 41 (1998) 96-107
30. Hays W.L. Statistics (1988), Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc, Orlando, FL
31. Hewstone M., Rubin M., and Willis H. Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology 53 (2002) 575-604
32. Hinsz V.B., Tindale R.S., and Vollrath D.A. The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processes. Psychological Bulletin 121 (1997) 43-64
33. Jackson S.E. Team composition in organizational settings: Issues in managing an increasingly diverse work force. In: Worchel S., and Wood W. (Eds). Group process and productivity (1991), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 138-173
34. Jehn K.A. A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly 40 (1995) 256-282
35. Jehn K.A., Northcraft G.B., and Neale M.A. Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1999) 741-763
36. Johnson D.W., and Johnson F.P. Joining together: Group theory and group skills. 2nd ed. (1982), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
37. Judd C.M., McClelland G.H., and Culhane S.E. Data analysis: Continuing issues in the everyday analysis of psychological data. Annual Review of Psychology 46 (1995) 433-465
38. Judge T.A., Thoresen C.J., Bono J.C., and Patton G.K. The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin 127 (2001) 376-407
39. Kashy D.A., and Kenny D.A. The analysis of data from dyads and groups. In: Reis H.T., and Judd C.M. (Eds). Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (2000), University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom 451-477
40. Lau D., and Murnighan J.K. Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Academy of Management Review 23 (1998) 325-340
41. Lau D., and Murnighan J.K. Interactions with groups and subgroups: The effects of demographic faultlines. Academy of Management Journal 48 (2005) 645-659
42. Marcus-Newhall A., Miller N., Holtz R., and Brewer M.B. Cross-cutting category membership with role assignment: A means of reducing intergroup bias. British Journal of Social Psychology 32 (1993) 125-146
43. Migdal M.J., Hewstone M., and Mullen B. The effects of crossed categorization on intergroup evaluations: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology 37 (1998) 303-324
44. Milliken F.J., and Martins L.L. Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Review 21 (1996) 402-433
45. Mook D.G. In defense of external invalidity. American Psychologist 5 (1983) 379-387
46. Oakes P.J., Haslam S.A., and Turner J.C. Stereotyping and social reality (1994), Blackwell Publishers, Malden, MA
47. Pelled L.H., Eisenhardt K.M., and Xin K.R. Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1999) 1-28
48. Phillips K.W. The effects of categorically based expectations on minority influence: The importance of congruence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29 (2003) 3-13
49. Phillips K.W., Mannix E.A., Neale M.A., and Gruenfeld D.H. Diverse groups and information sharing: The effects of congruent ties. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40 (2004) 497-510
50. Ross R. Conflict. In: Ross R., and Ross J. (Eds). Small groups in organizational settings (1989), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 139-178
51. Shrout P.E., and Fleiss J.L. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin 86 (1979) 420-428
52. Simons T. Top management team consensus, heterogeneity, and debate as contingent predictors of company performance: The complementarity of group structure and process. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings (1995) 62-66
53. Simons T.L., and Peterson R.S. Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology 85 (2000) 102-111
54. Stangor C., Lynch L., Duan C., and Glass B. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (1992) 207-218
55. Thatcher S.M.B., Jehn K.A., and Zanutto E. Cracks in diversity research: The effects of diversity faultlines on conflict and performance. Group Decision and Negotiation 12 (2003) 217-241
56. Thomas D.C., Ravlin E.C., and Wallace A. Effects of cultural diversity in work groups. In: Bamberger P., Erez M., and Bacharach S.B. (Eds). Research in the sociology of organizations 14 (1996), JAI, Greenwich, CT 1-13
57. Tjosvold D. Cooperative and competitive goal approach to conflict: Accomplishments and challenges. Applied Psychology: An International Review 47 (1998) 285-342
58. Tjosvold D., and Poon M. Dealing with scarce resources: Open-minded interaction for resolving budget conflicts. Group and Organization Management 23 (1998) 237-255
59. Triandis H.C., Hall E.R., and Ewen R.B. Member heterogeneity and dyadic creativity. Human Relations 18 (1965) 33-55
60. Triandis H.C., Kurowski L.L., and Gelfand M.J. Workplace diversity. In: Triandis H.C., Dunnette M.P., and Hough L.M. (Eds). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. 2nd ed. 4 (1994), Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA 769-827
61. Tsui A.S., and O' Reilly C.A. Beyond simple demographic effects: The importance of relational demography in superior-subordinate dyads. Academy of Management Journal 32 (1989) 402-423
62. Turner J.C., Hogg M.A., Oakes P.J., Reicher S.D., and Wetherell M.S. Rediscovering the social group. A self-categorization theory (1987), Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom
63. Van Kleef G.A., De Dreu C.K.W., and Manstead A.S.R. The interpersonal effects of anger and happiness in negotiations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 57-76
64. van Knippenberg D., De Dreu C.K.W., and Homan A.C. Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. Journal of Applied Psychology 98 (2004) 1008-1022
65. van Knippenberg D., and Haslam S.A. Realizing the diversity dividend: Exploring the subtle interplay between identity, ideology, and reality. In: Haslam S.A., van Knippenberg D., Platow M., and Ellemers N. (Eds). Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice (2003), Psychology Press, New York, United Kingdom 61-77
66. van Knippenberg D., and Schippers M.C. Work group diversity. Annual Review of Psychology 58 (2007) 515-541
67. van Prooijen J.W., and van Knippenberg D. Individuation or depersonalization: The influence of personal status position. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 3 (2000) 63-77
68. Webber S.S., and Donahue L.M. The impact of highly and less job-related diversity on work group cohesion and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Management 27 (2001) 141-162
69. Wharton A.S., and Baron J.N. Satisfaction? The psychological impact of gender segregation on women at work. Sociological Quarterly 32 (1991) 365-387
70. Williams K.Y., and O'Reilly C.A. Demography and diversity in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior 20 (1998) 77-140