Accountants in late 19th century Britain: A spatial, demographic and occupational profile

Accounting and Business Research

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 63-89

  Edwards, John Richard ^a   Walker, Stephen P ^a,b  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Accountants; Census; Feminisation; Identity; Nineteenth century

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548818805     PISSN: 00014788     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2007.9730060     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Barton, D.B. (1967). A History of Tin Mining and Smelting in Cornwall. Truro: D. Bradford Barton Ltd.
2. Barton, D.B. (1968). Essays in Cornish Mining History. Volume One. Penzance: D. Bradford Barton Ltd.
3. Boys, P. (1994). 'The origins and evolution of the accountancy profession'. In W. Habgood (ed.), Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. A Guide to Historical Records. Manchester: Manchester University Press: 1-63.
4. Brown, R. (1905). A History of Accounting and Accountants. Edinburgh: T.C. and E.C. Jack.
5. Bryer, R.A. (2006). 'The genesis of the capitalist farmer: Towards a Marxist accounting history of the origins of the English agricultural revolution'. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 17 (4):367-397.
6. Burke, G. and Richardson, P. (1981). 'The decline and fall of the cost book system in the Cornish tin mining industry, 1895-1914'. Business History, 23 (1):4-18.
7. Burt, R. (2003). 'Freemasonry and business networking during the Victorian period'. Economic History Review, LVI (4):657-688.
8. Burt, R. and Kudo, N. (1983). 'The adaptability of the Cornish cost book system'. Business History, 25 (1):30-41.
9. Census of England and Wales, 1871. 'Instructions to the Clerks Employed in Classifying the Occupations and Ages of the People'. National Archives, Kew (RG27/4 Part B, fol. 85).
10. Census of England and Wales, 1881. Volume IV, 'General Report', British Parliamentary Papers, LXXX.
11. Cooper, C. and Taylor, P. (2000). 'From Taylorism to Ms Taylor: The transformation of the accounting craft'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 25 (6):555-578.
12. Drake, M. (1972). 'The Census, 1801-1891'. In E.A. Wrigley (ed.), Nineteenth-Century Society. Essays in the Use of Quantitative Methods for the Study of Social Data. Cambridge: University Press: 7-46.
13. Edwards, J.R., Anderson, M. and Chandler, R. (2005). 'How not to mount a professional project: The formation of the ICAEW in 1880'. Accounting and Business Research, 35 (3):229-248.
14. Edwards, J.R., Anderson, M. and Chandler, R. (2007) 'Claiming a jurisdiction for the "Public Accountant" in England prior to organisational fusion'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(1-2):61-100.
15. Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information (1910-1911). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Evans, N. (1989). 'Two paths to economic development: Wales and the North-East of England'. In P. Hudson (ed.), Regions and Industries. A Perspective on the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 210-227.
17. Greenhill, B. (1968). The Merchant Schooners, Volume 1. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
18. Higgs, E. (1996). A Clearer Sense of the Census. The Victorian Censuses and Historical Research. London: HMSO.
19. Hudson, P. (1989). 'The regional perspective'. In P. Hudson (ed.), Regions and Industries. A Perspective on the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 5-40.
20. Jackson, H. and Zé Amvela, E. (2000). Words, Meaning and Vocabulary. London: Cassell.
21. Kedslie, M.J.M. (1990). Firm Foundations. The Development of Professional Accounting in Scotland. Hull: Hull University Press.
22. Kirkham L. M. and A. Loft (1993). 'Gender and the construction of the professional accountant'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 18 (6):507-558.
23. Lehman, C. R. (1992), '"Herstory" in accounting: The first eighty years'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17 (3):261-285.
24. Loft, A. (1992), 'Accountancy and the gendered division of labour: A review essay'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17 (3/4):367-378.
25. Martin, J. (1897). The Sanctification of the Lie. Grace, Grace Unto it. A Tribute to the Queen's 60 Years Reign. Glasgow: privately.
26. Matthews D., Anderson, M. and Edwards, J.R. (1998). The Priesthood of Industry. The Rise of the Professional Accountant in British Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27. Mills, D.R. and Schürer, K. (1996). 'The enumeration process'. In Mills, D.R. and Schürer, K. (eds), Local Communities in the Victorian Census Enumerators' Books. Oxford: Leopard's Head Press: 16-26.
28. Morris, R. D. (1997). "The origins of the no-liability mining company and its accounting regulations'. In Cooke, T.E. and Nobes, C.W. (eds), The Development of Accounting in an International Context. A Festschrift in Honour of R.H. Parker. London: Routledge: 90-121,
29. Munn, C. W. (1988). Clydesdale Bank. The First One Hundred & Fifty Years. London: Collins.
30. Nissel, M. (1987). People Count. A History of the General Register Office. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
31. Parker, R.H. (1986). The Development of the Accountancy Profession in Britain to the Early Twentieth Century. Academy of Accounting Historians, Monograph Five.
32. Parker, R.H. (2004). 'Accountancy on the periphery: The profession in Exeter to 1939'. Accounting, Business & Financial History, 14(1):53-89.
33. Professional Oversight Board (2005). Review of Training and Education in the Accountancy Profession. London: FRC.
34. Professional Oversight Board (2006). Key Facts and Trends in the Accountancy Profession, 4th edition. London: FRC.
35. Roberts, E., Woollard, M., Ronnander, C., Dillon, L.Y. and Thorvaldsen, G. (2003). 'Occupational classification in the North Atlantic Population Project'. Historical Methods, 36 (2):89-96.
36. Schürer, K. and Woollard, M. (2003). SN 4375-National Sample from the 1881 Census of Great Britain, UK Data Archive (www.data-archive.ac.uk/) . Accessed 20.10.2005.
37. Shackleton, K. (1996). 'Alexander Sloan: A Glasgow chartered accountant'. In Lee, T.A. (ed.) Shaping the Accountancy Profession. The Story of Three Scottish Pioneers. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.: 81-151.
38. Shackleton, K. and Walker, S.P. (1998). Professional Reconstruction: The Co-ordination of the Accountancy Bodies 1930-1957. Edinburgh: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
39. Shackleton, K. and Walker, S.P. (2001). A Future for the Accountancy Profession: The Quest for Closure and Integration 1957-1970. Edinburgh: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
40. Stacey, N.A.H. (1954). English Accountancy 1800-1954. A Study in Social and Economic History. London: Gee and Company.
41. Stainer, P. (1979). 'The copper ore trade of South West England in the nineteenth century'. Journal of Transport History, NS 5 (1):18-35.
42. Stewart, J.C. (1977). Pioneers of a Profession. Chartered Accountants to 1879. Edinburgh: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
43. Tillott, P.M. (1972). 'Sources of inaccuracy in the 1851 and 1861 census enumerators' books'. In E.A. Wrigley (ed.), Nineteenth-Century Society. Essays in the Use of Quantitative Methods for the Study of Social Data. Cambridge, University Press: 82-133.
44. Walker S.P. (1988). The Society of Accountants in Edinburgh, 1854-1914. A Study of Recruitment to a New Profession. New York: Garland.
45. Walker, S.P. (1991). 'The defence of professional monopoly. Scottish chartered accountants and "Satellites in the Accountancy Firmament"'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 16 (3):257-283.
46. Walker, S.P. (1995). 'The genesis of professional organization in Scotland: A contextual analysis'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 20 (4):285-310.
47. Walker, S.P. (2002). '"Men of Small Standing'? Locating accountants in English society during the mid-nineteenth century'. European Accounting Review, 11 (2): 377-399.
48. Walker, S.P. (2003). 'Identifying the woman behind the "Railed-in Desk": the proto-feminisation of bookkeeping in Britain'. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 16 (4):606-639.
49. Walker, S.P. (2004a). 'The genesis of professional organisation in English accountancy'. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 29 (2):127-156.
50. Walker, S.P. (2004b). Towards the 'Great Desideratum'. The Unification of the Accountancy Bodies in England, 1870-1880. Edinburgh: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
51. Walker, S.P. (2004c). 'Conflict, collaboration, fuzzy jurisdictions and partial settlements. Accountants, lawyers and insolvency practice during the late 19th century'. Accounting and Business Research, 34 (3):247-265.
52. Walker, S.P. and Shackleton, K. (1998). 'A ring fence for the profession: Advancing the closure of British accountancy 1957-1970'. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 11 (1):34-71.
53. Wilson, J.F. and Popp, A. (2003). 'Districts, networks and clusters in England: An introduction'. In Wilson, J.F. and Popp, A. (eds), Industrial Clusters and Regional Networks in England, 1750-1970. Aldershot: Ashgate:1-18.
54. Woollard, M. (1997). '"Shooting the Nets": A note on the reliability of the 1881 census enumerators' books'. Local Population Studies, 59:54-57.
55. Woollard, M. (2004). 'The classification of multiple occupational titles in the 1881 census of England and Wales'. Local Population Studies, 72:34-49.