The cactus that must not be mistaken for a pillow: White racial formation among latinos

Souls

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 77-91

  Rochmes, Daniel A ^a   Griffin, G A Elmer ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Blackness; Chicanos; Immigration; Latinos; Mexican Americans; Race; Racial identity; Racism; Segregation; Whiteness

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548813888     PISSN: 10999949     EISSN: 15483843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10999940600680598     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Karen Brodkin, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998).
2. Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White (New York: Routledge, 1995).
3. Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, “Latinos Now Top Minority,” Los Angeles Times, June 19, 2003.
4. David R. Roediger, Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White (New York: Schocken Books, 1998), 178.
5. James Baldwin, The Price of the Ticket (New York: St. Martin’s/Marek, 1985), 9.
6. R. Roediger, Black on White, 178.
7. R. Roediger, Black on White, 179-180.
8. B. Baldwin, The Price of the Ticket, 425-433.
9. Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White.
10. Toni Morrison, “On the Backs of Blacks,” Time (Fall 1993) 142(21), 57.
11. Ruben Donato, Martha Menchaca, and Richard R. Valencia, “Segregation, Desegregation, and Integration of Chicano Students: Problems and Prospects.” In Chicano School Failure and Success, ed. Richard R. Valencia (London: The Falmer Press, 1991), 33.
12. Carlos M. Alcala and Jorge C. Rangel, “De Jure Segregation of Chicanos in Texas Schools,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 7 (1972): 308.
13. Neil Foley, “Becoming Hispanic: Mexican Americans and the Faustian Pact with Whiteness,” in Reflexiones 1997, ed. Neil Foley (Austin, TX: Center for Mexican American Studies, 1998), 54.
14. Texas League of United Latin American Citizens, “About Texas LULAC,” http://www.texaslulac.org/ aboutlulac.html.
15. Ian F. Haney Lopez, Racism on Trial: The Chicano Fight for Justice (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003), 163.
16. Donato, Menchaca, and V. Valencia, “Segregation, Desegregation,” 28.
17. D. Alcala and F. Rangel, “De Jure Segregation,” 321, 362-363.
18. Robert R. Alvarez, Jr. “The Lemon Grove Incident: The Nation’s First Successful Desegregation Court Case,” Journal of San Diego History (Spring 1986), 118.
19. Donato, Menchaca, and V. Valencia, “Segregation, Desegregation,” 29-32.
20. Jack McCurdy, “School Board Minutes Play Big Role in Oxnard Desegregation,” Los Angeles Times, January 19, 1975, sec. 2.
21. Joe C. Ortega and Peter D. Roos, “Chicanos in the Schools: An Overview of the Problems and the Legal Remedies,” The Notre Dame Lawyer, no. 51 (1975), 79.
22. Donato, Menchaca, and V. Valencia, “Segregation, Desegregation,” 37.
23. F. Alcala and D. Rangel, “De Jure Segregation,” 334.
24. Steven H. Wilson, “Brown Over ‘Other White’: Mexican Americans’ Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits,” Law and History Review, 21 (2003), 178.
25. Lani Guinier and Gerald Torres, The Miner’s Canary (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), 231.
26. Linda Chavez, Out of the Barrio: Toward a New Politics of Hispanic Assimilation (New York: BasicBooks, 1991), 2.
27. Linda Chavez, “Schwarzenegger could help make the American Dream a reality for California His-panics,” Jewish World Review, August 26, 2003, http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/chavez/ chavez082603.asp.
28. Ian F. Haney Lopez, White by Law (New York: New York University Press, 1996), 31.
29. G. Guinier and T. Torres, The Miner’s Canary, 225.
30. United States Census Bureau, “Hispanic Origin,” United States Census Bureau, http://quick facts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_68188.htm (accessed June 6, 2003).
31. Elizabeth M. Grieco and Rachel C. Cassidy, “Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin,” United States Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-3.pdf (accessed June 6, 2003), 1.
32. Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, “What’s in a Racial Identity? American Latinos All Over the Map, Study Finds; Identification as white varies by region, and is reflected in education, earning and voting,” Los Angeles Times, December 6, 2004, A17.
33. Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, “For Millions of Latinos, Race Is a Flexible Concept,” Los Angeles Times, March 11, 2003, sec. A.
34. Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar, “What’s in a Racial Identity?”
35. Keith D. Ellison, “Hispanic, Latino, Person of Color: What’s the Right Label?” Allied Media Hispanic Newspapers & Magazines Network, http://www.allied-media.com/Publications/hispanic_latino_label.htm (accessed September 22, 2003).
36. Solomon Moore and Robin Fields, “The Great White Influx,” Los Angeles Times, July 31, 2002, sec. A.
37. David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness (London: Verso, 1999), 7.
38. Li Fellers, “South L.A. Church’s Troubled Waters,” Los Angeles Times, March 1, 2003, sec. B.
39. Jesse Katz and Richard A. Serrano, “Segregated Housing Sought at Jordan Downs,” Los Angeles Times, September 10, 1991.
40. Louis Sahagun, “Diversity Challenges Schools to Preserve Racial Harmony,” Los Angeles Times, February 14, 1999.
41. Sandy Banks and Nicholas Shields, “Searching for Lessons in Jefferson High Melee,” Los Angeles Times, July 6, 2005, http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/la-me-jefferson6jul06,1,7630224, print.story
42. Christine Pelisek, “Avenues of Death: How Highland Park’s Latino gang targets African-Americans,” LA Weekly, July 15-21, 2005, http://www.laweekly.com/ink/printme.php?eid=65873
43. Camby Savelle, “WHY DO WETBACC’S HATE BLACC PPL,” The Siccness Network, April 11, 2004, http://www.siccness.net/vb/showthread.php?p=968461#post968461 (accessed April 11, 2003).
44. D. Cheeze, “WHY DO WETBACC’S HATE BLACC PPL,” The Siccness Network, April 12, 2004, http://www.siccness.net/vb/showthread.php?p=969258#post969258 (accessed April 18, 2004).
45. F. phil, “WHY DO WETBACC’S HATE BLACC PPL,” The Siccness Network, April 11, 2004, http://www.siccness.net/vb/showthread.php?p=968893#post968893 (accessed April 18, 2004).
46. BIG OSO LOC, posting to “LIL’ ROB,” The Siccness Network, August 5, 2003, http://www.siccness.net/ vb/showthread.php?s=&postid=666354#post666354 (accessed August 7, 2003).
47. BIG OSO LOC, posting to “LIL’ ROB,” The Siccness Network, August 4, 2003, http://www.siccness.net/ vb/showthread.php?s=&postid=665154#post665154 (accessed August 7, 2003).
48. G. Neto, “Crips Target of Prison Lockdown,” The Siccness Network, July 7, 2003, http:// www.siccness.net/vb/showthread.php?s=&postid=630911#post630911 (accessed August 7, 2003).
49. Michael Finnegan and Richard Fausset, “Latino-Black Alliance Seems to Be Forming,” Los Angeles Times, April 30, 2005, http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-Blacks30apr30,1,4462423, print.story.
50. Jessica Garrison and Daniel Hernandez, “World Press Fits Villaraigosa Into the Big Picture,” Los Angeles Times, June 30, 2005, B1.
51. Michael Finnegan and Richard Fausset, “Latino-Black Alliance.”