Water vapor tomography using GPS phase observations: Simulation results

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 44, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 2927-2941

  Nilsson, Tobias ^a   Gradinarsky, Lubomir ^a,b  

^a CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b ASTRAZENECA R AND D   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Global positioning system (GPS); Humidity; Kalman filtering; Meteorology; Simulation; Terrestrial atmosphere; Tomography

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH; ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR; ERROR SOURCES; GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS; GPS SATELLITES; GROUND RECEIVERS; KALMAN-FILTERING; NETWORK SIZE; OBSERVATION NOISE; PHASE OBSERVATIONS; SIMULATION; SLANT WET DELAY; THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL RESOLUTIONS; WATER VAPOR TOMOGRAPHIES;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; METEOROLOGY; TOMOGRAPHY; TRACKING (POSITION); VAPORS;

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM;

EID: 34548797416     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2006.877755     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. C. Rocken, T. V. Hove, J. Johnson, F. Solheim, R. Ware, M. Bevis, S. Chiswell, and S. Businger, "GPS/STORM-GPS sensing of atmospheric water vapor for meteorology," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 468-478, Jun. 1995.
2. P. Tregoning, R. Boers, D. O'Brien, and M. Hendy, "Accuracy of absolute precipitable water vapor estimates from GPS observations," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 103, no. D22, pp. 28 701-28 710, Nov. 1998.
3. T. R. Emardson, G. Elgered, and J. M. Johansson, "Three months of continuous monitoring of atmospheric water vapor with a network of global positioning system receivers," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 103, no. D2, pp. 1807-1820, 1998.
4. G. Ruffini, A. Flores, and A. Rius, "GPS tomography of the ionospheric electron content with a correlation functional," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 143-153, Jan. 1998.
5. A. Flores, J. V.-G. de Arellano, L. P. Gradinarsky, and A. Ruis, "Tomography of the lower troposphere using a small dense network of GPS receivers," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 439-447, Feb. 2001.
6. M. Troller, B. Bürki, M. Cocard, A. Geiger, and H.-G. Kahle, "3-D refractivity field from GPS double difference tomography," Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 29, no. 24, p. 2149, Dec. 2002.
7. H. Seko, S. Shimada, H. Nakamura, and T. Kato, "Three-dimensional distribution of water vapor estimated from tropospheric delay of GPS data in a mesoscale precipitation system of the Baiu front," EarthPlanets Space, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 927-933, Nov. 2000.
8. A. E. MacDonald, Y. Xie, and R. H. Ware, "Diagnosis of threedimensional water vapor using a GPS network," Mon. Weather Rev., vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 386-397, Feb. 2002.
9. C. Champollion, F. Mason, M.-N. Bouin, A. Walpersdorf, E. Doerflinger, O. Bock, and J. van Baelen, "GPS water vapour tomography: Preliminary results from the ESCOMPTE field experiment," Atmos. Res., vol. 74, no. 1-4, pp. 253-274, Mar. 2005.
10. L. Gradinarsky and P. Jarlemark, "Ground-based GPS tomography of water vapor: Analysis of simulated and real data," J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 551-560, Feb. 2004.
11. L. P. Gradinarsky. (2002). "Sensing atmospheric water vapor using radio waves," Ph.D. dissertation, Chalmers Univ. Technol., Göteborg, Sweden. Tech. Rep. 436. [Online]. Available: http://www.oso.chalmers.se/dwl/ lubo/Thesis.pdf
12. P. Elósegui and J. Davis, "Accuracy assessment of GPS slant-path determinations," in Proc. Int. Workshop GPS Meteorol., Tsukuba, Japan, 2003, p. 1-35-1. [Online]. Available: http://dbx.cr.chiba-u.jp/Gps-Met/ gpsmet/index.html
13. T. Nilsson, L. P. Gradinarsky, and G. Elgered, "GPS tomography using phase observations," in Proc. IGARSS, 2004, vol. 4, pp. 2756-2759.
14. B. Hofmann-Wellenhof, H. Lichtenegger, and J. Collins, GPS: Theory and Practice, 5th ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
15. G. Beutler, M. Rothacher, S. Schaer, T. A. Springer, J. Kouba, and R. E. Neilan, "The International GPS Service (IGS): An interdisciplinary service in support of Earth sciences," Adv. Space Res., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 631-635, 1999.
16. A. E. Niell, "Global mapping function for the atmospheric delay at radio wavelengths," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 101, no. B2, pp. 3227-3246, Feb. 1996.
17. F. K. Brunner and M. Gu, "An improved model for dual frequency ionospheric correction of GPS observations," Manuscr. Geod., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 205-214, 1991.
18. Z.Wang, Y.Wu, and K. Zhang, "Triple-frequency methods for high-order ionospheric refractive error modelling in GPS modernization," in Proc. Int. Symp. GNSS/GPS, 2004, pp. 291-295.
19. R. G. Brown and P. Y. C. Hwang, Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman Filtering, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 1997.
20. L. P. Gradinarsky and G. Elgered, "Horizontal gradients in the wet path delay derived from four years of microwave radiometer data," Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 27, no. 16, pp. 2521-2524, Aug. 2000.
21. K. Borre and C. Tiberius, "Time series analysis of GPS observables," in Proc. 13thInt. Tech. Meeting Satellite Division Inst. Navigat. GPS, 2000, pp. 1885-1894.
22. R. B. Langley, "GLONASS: Review and update," GPS World, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 46-51, 1997.
23. The Galilei Project-GALILEO Design Consolidation. (2003). European Commision. [Online]. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy-transport/ galileo//documents/technical-en.htm
24. P. Elósegui, J. L. Davis, L. P. Gradinarsky, G. Elgered, J. M. Johansson, D. A. Tahmoush, and A. Rius, "Sensing atmospheric structure using small-scale space geodetic networks," Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 26, no. 16, pp. 2445-2448, Aug. 1999.
25. J. F. Zumberge, M. B. Heflin, D. C. Jefferson, M. M. Watkins, and F. H.Webb, "Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 102, no. B3, pp. 5005-5017, Mar. 1997.
26. U. Foelsche and G. Kirchengast, "Tropospheric water vapor imaging by combination of ground-based and spaceborne GNSS sounding data," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 106, no. D21, pp. 27 221-27 231, 2001.
27. T. Nilsson, L. Gradinarsky, and G. Elgered, "Estimating the 3D structure of the atmospheric water vapor using GPS phase observations," in Proc. RVK, Linköping, Sweden, 2005, pp. 521-526. [Online]. Available: http://www.es.isy.liu.se/rvk05/-final/00085Uy1iigccqA-PxHNvocCC.pdf
28. J. L. Davis, T. A. Herring, I. I. Shapiro, A. E. E. Rogers, and G. Elgered, "Geodesy by radio interferometry: Effects of atmospheric modeling errors of baseline length," Radio Sci., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1593-1607, 1985.
29. "Vaisala Radiosonde HRS29-SGP Brochure," Ref. B210358EN-C, Vaisala Oyj, Helsinki, Finland, 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.vaisala. com/businessareas/measurementsystems/soundings/products/radiosond
30. R. N. Treuhaft and G. E. Lanyi, "The effect of the dynamic wet troposphere on radio interferometric measurements," Radio Sci., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 251-265, 1987.