Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptors and cellular signals

TheScientificWorldJournal

Volumn 7, Issue , 2007, Pages 1375-1392

  Rovati, G Enrico ^a   Capra, Valérie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

CysLT1; CysLT2; GPR17; Signaling pathway

Indexed keywords

2' DEOXY 6 N METHYLADENOSINE 3',5' BISPHOSPHATE; 4 (4 FLUOROPHENYL) 2 (4 METHYLSULFINYLPHENYL) 5 (4 PYRIDYL)IMIDAZOLE; 6 (4 CARBOXYPHENYLTHIO) 5 HYDROXY 7,9,11,14 ICOSATETRAENOIC ACID; ARC 69931MX; CANGRELOR; CYSTEINE; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR; LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; MEMBRANE RECEPTOR; MONTELUKAST; PEPTIDOLEUKOTRIENE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITIDE; POBILUKAST; PRANLUKAST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VERLUKAST; ZAFIRLUKAST;

ASTHMA; BINDING AFFINITY; BIOCHEMISTRY; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OLIGOMERIZATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; CALCIUM; DISEASE; HUMANS; HYDROLYSIS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS; PROTEIN BINDING; RECEPTORS, G-PROTEIN-COUPLED; RECEPTORS, LEUKOTRIENE;

EID: 34548783949     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1537744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2007.185     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Samuelsson, B. (1983) Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation. Science 220, 568-575.
2. Funk, C.D. (2001) Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology. Science 294, 1871-1875.
3. Capra, V., Thompson, M.D., Sala, A., Cole, D.E., Folco, G., and Rovati, G.E. (2006) Cysteinyl-leukotrienes and their receptors in asthma and other inflammatory diseases: critical update and emerging trends. Med. Res. Rev. 27(4), 469-527.
4. Walch, L., Norel, X., Gascard, J.P., and Brink, C. (2000) Functional studies of leukotriene receptors in vascular tissues. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161, S107-111.
5. Back, M. (2002) Functional characteristics of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor subtypes. Life Sci. 71, 611-622.
6. Evans, J.F. (2003) The cysteinyl leukotriene receptors. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 69, 117-122.
7. Brink, C., Dahlen, S.E., Drazen, J., Evans, J.F., Hay, D.W., Nicosia, S., Serhan, C.N., Shimizu, T., and Yokomizo, T. (2003) International Union of Pharmacology XXXVII. Nomenclature for leukotriene and lipoxin receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 55, 195-227.
8. Capra, V. (2004) Molecular and functional aspects of human cysteinyl leukotriene receptors. Pharmacol. Res. 50, 1-11.
9. Brooks, C.D. and Summers, J.B. (1996) Modulators of leukotriene biosynthesis and receptor activation. J. Med. Chem. 39, 2629-2654.
10. Drazen, J.M., Austen, K.F., Lewis, R.A., Clark, D.A., Goto, G., Marfat, A., and Corey, E.J. (1980) Comparative airway and vascular activities of leukotrienes C-1 and D in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 4354-4358.
11. Fleisch, J.H., Rinkema, L.E., and Baker, S.R. (1982) Evidence for multiple leukotriene D4 receptors in smooth muscle. Life Sci. 31, 577-581.
12. Krell, R.D., Tsai, B.S., Berdoulay, A., Barone, M., and Giles, R.E. (1983) Heterogeneity of leukotriene receptors in guinea-pig trachea. Prostaglandins 25, 171-178.
13. Labat, C., Ortiz, J.L., Norel, X., Gorenne, I., Verley, J., Abram, T.S., Cuthbert, N.J., Tudhope, S.R., Norman, P., Gardiner, P., et al. (1992) A second cysteinyl leukotriene receptor in human lung. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 263, 800-805.
14. Tudhope, S.R., Cuthbert, N.J., Abram, T.S., Jennings, M.A., Maxey, R.J., Thompson, A.M., Norman, P., and Gardiner, P.J. (1994) BAY u9773, a novel antagonist of cysteinyl-leukotrienes with activity against two receptor subtypes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 264, 317-323.
15. 1 receptor. Nature 399, 789-793.
16. Sarau, H.M., Ames, R.S., Chambers, J., Ellis, C., Elshourbagy, N., Foley, J.J., Schmidt, D.B., Muccitelli, R.M., Jenkins, O., Murdock, P.R., Herrity, N.C., Halsey, W., Sathe, G., Muir, A.I., Nuthulaganti, P., Dytko, G.M., Buckley, P.T., Wilson, S., Bergsma, D.J., and Hay, D.W. (1999) Identification, molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor. Mol. Pharm. 56, 657-663.
17. Heise, C.E., O'Dowd, B.F., Figueroa, D.J., Sawyer, N., Nguyen, T., Im, D.-S., Stocco, R., Bellefeuille, J.N., Abramovitz, M., Cheng, R., Williams, D.L., Jr., Zeng, Z., Liu, Q., Ma, L., Clements, M.K., Coulombe, N., Liu, Y., Austin, C.P., George, S.R., O'Neill, G.P., Metters, K.M., Lynch, K.R., and Evans, J.F. (2000) Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 30531-30536.
18. Takasaki, J., Kamohara, M., Matsumoto, M., Saito, T., Sugimoto, T., Ohishi, T., Ishii, H., Ota, T., Nishikawa, T., Kawai, Y., Masuho, Y., Isogai, T., Suzuki, Y., Sugano, S., and Furuichi, K. (2000) The molecular characterization and tissue distribution of the human cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT(2) receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274, 316-322.
19. Nothacker, H.-P., Wang, Z., Zhu, Y., Reinscheid, R.K., Lin, S.H.S., and Civelli, O. (2000) Molecular cloning and characterization of a second human cysteinyl leukotriene receptor: discovery of a subtype selective agonist. Mol. Pharmacol. 58, 1601-1608.
20. Fredriksson, R., Lagerstrom, M.C., Lundin, L.G., and Schioth, H.B. (2003) The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints. Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 1256-1272.
21. Kroeze, W.K., Sheffler, D.J., and Roth, B.L. (2003) G-protein-coupled receptors at a glance. J. Cell Sci. 116, 4867-4869.
22. C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998) Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282, 2012-2018.
23. Adams, M.D. et al. (2000) The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287, 2185-2195.
24. Figueroa, D.J., Breyer, R.M., Defoe, S.K., Kargman, S., Daugherty, B.L., Waldburger, K., Liu, Q., Clements, M., Zeng, Z., O'Neill, G.P., Jones, T.R., Lynch, K.R., Austin, C.P., and Evans, J.F. (2001) Expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in normal human lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163, 226-233.
25. Bautz, F., Denzlinger, C., Kanz, L., and Mohle, R. (2001) Chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells induced by the inflammatory mediator leukotriene D4 are mediated by the 7-transmembrane receptor CysLT1. Blood 97, 3433-3440.
26. Sjostrom, M., Jakobsson, P.J., Heimburger, M., Palmblad, J., and Haeggstrom, J.Z. (2001) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells generate leukotriene C4 via microsomal glutathione S-transferase type 2 and express the CysLT(1) receptor. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 2578-2586.
27. Sjostrom, M., Jakobsson, P.J., Juremalm, M., Ahmed, A., Nilsson, G., Macchia, L., and Haeggstrom, J.Z. (2002) Human mast cells express two leukotriene C(4) synthase isoenzymes and the CysLT(1) receptor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1583, 53-62.
28. Ohd, J.F., Nielsen, C.K., Campbell, J., Landberg, G., Lofberg, H., and Sjolander, A. (2003) Expression of the leukotriene D4 receptor CysLT1, COX-2, and other cell survival factors in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Gastroenterology 124, 57-70.
29. Capra, V., Ravasi, S., Accomazzo, M.R., Parenti, M., and Rovati, G.E. (2004) CysLT1 signal transduction in differentiated U937 cells involves the activation of the small GTP-binding protein Ras. Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 1569-1577.
30. Woszczek, G., Pawliczak, R., Qi, H.Y., Nagineni, S., Alsaaty, S., Logun, C., and Shelhamer, J.H. (2005) Functional characterization of human cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor gene structure. J. Immunol. 175, 5152-5159.
31. Zhang, J., Migita, O., Koga, M., Shibasaki, M., Arinami, T., and Noguchi, E. (2006) Determination of structure and transcriptional regulation of CYSLTR1 and an association study with asthma and rhinitis. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 17, 242-249.
32. 4 receptors in adult and fetal human lung. Biochem. Pharmacol. 34, 4311-4317.
33. Frey, E.A., Nicholson, D.W., and Metters, K.M. (1993) Characterization of the leukotriene D4 receptor in dimethylsulphoxide-differentiated U937 cells: comparison with the leukotriene D4 receptor in human lung and guinea-pig lung. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 244, 239-250.
34. Capra, V., Nicosia, S., Ragnini, D., Mezzetti, M., Keppler, D., and Rovati, G.E. (1998) Identification and characterization of two cysteinyl-leukotriene high affinity binding sites with receptor characteristics in human lung parenchyma. Mol. Pharmacol. 53, 750-758.
35. Capra, V., Accomazzo, M.R., Ravasi, S., Parenti, M., Macchia, M., Nicosia, S., and Rovati, G.E. (2003) Involvement of prenylated proteins in calcium signaling induced by LTD4 in differentiated U937 cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 71, 235-251.
36. 4 receptors in differentiated U-937 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 19845-19855.
37. 4 receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoinositide and mobilization of calcium in sheep tracheal smooth muscle cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 244, 508-515.
38. Kenakin, T. (1997) Differences between natural and recombinant G protein-coupled receptor systems with varying receptor/G protein stoichiometry. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 18, 456-464.
39. 4 induce transmembrane signaling in human epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 20976-20981.
40. Hoshino, M., Izumi, T., and Shimizu, T. (1998) Leukotriene D4 activates mitogen-activated protein kinase through a protein kinase Calpha-Raf-1-dependent pathway in human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4878-4882.
41. Ravasi, S., Citro, S., Viviani, B., Capra, V., and Rovati, G.E. (2006) CysLT1 receptor-induced human airway smooth muscle cells proliferation requires ROS generation, EGF receptor transactivation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Respir. Res. 7, 42.
42. Naik, S., Billington, C.K., Pascual, R.M., Deshpande, D.A., Stefano, F.P., Kohout, T.A., Eckman, D.M., Benovic, J.L., and Penn, R.B. (2005) Regulation of cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor internalization and signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 8722-8732.
43. Capra, V., Ravasi, S., Accomazzo, M.R., Citro, S., Grimoldi, M., Abbracchio, M.P., and Rovati, G.E. (2005) CysLT1 receptor is a target for extracellular nucleotide-induced heterologous desensitization: a possible feedback mechanism in inflammation. J. Cell Sci. 118, 5625-5636.
44. Drazen, J.M., Israel, E., and O'Byrne, P.M. (1999) Treatment of asthma with drugs modifying the leukotriene pathway. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 197-206.
45. Nicosia, S., Capra, V., and Rovati, G.E. (2001) Leukotrienes as mediators of asthma. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 14, 3-19.
46. Holgate, S.T., Peters-Golden, M., Panettieri, R.A., and Henderson, W.R., Jr. (2003) Roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes in airway inflammation, smooth muscle function, and remodeling. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111, S18-S36.
47. Sampson, A.P., Pizzichini, E., and Bisgaard, H. (2003) Effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor antagonists on markers of inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111, S49-59; discussion S59-61.
48. Shirasaki, H., Kanaizumi, E., Watanabe, K., Matsui, T., Sato, J., Narita, S., Rautiainen, M., and Himi, T. (2002) Expression and localization of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in human nasal mucosa. Clin. Exp. Allergy 32, 1007-1012.
49. Figueroa, D.J., Borish, L., Baramki, D., Philip, G., Austin, C.P., and Evans, J.F. (2003) Expression of cysteinyl leukotriene synthetic and signalling proteins in inflammatory cells in active seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin. Exp. Allergy 33, 1380-1388.
50. Corrigan, C., Mallett, K., Ying, S., Roberts, D., Parikh, A., Scadding, G., and Lee, T. (2005) Expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors cysLT(1) and cysLT(2) in aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115, 316-322.
51. Gauvreau, G.M., Plitt, J.R., Baatjes, A., and MacGlashan, D.W. (2005) Expression of functional cysteinyl leukotriene receptors by human basophils. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116, 80-87.
52. Gauvreau, G.M., Parameswaran, K.N., Watson, R.M., and O'Byrne, P.M. (2001) Inhaled leukotriene E(4), but not leukotriene D(4), increased airway inflammatory cells in subjects with atopic asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164, 1495-1500.
53. Mellor, E.A., Maekawa, A., Austen, K.F., and Boyce, J.A. (2001) Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 is also a pyrimidinergic receptor and is expressed by human mast cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 7964-7969.
54. Zhu, J., Qiu, Y.S., Figueroa, D.J., Bandi, V., Galczenski, H., Hamada, K., Guntupalli, K.K., Evans, J.F., and Jeffery, P.K. (2005) Localization and up-regulation of cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor in asthmatic bronchial mucosa. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 33, 531-540.
55. Mechiche, H., Candenas, L., Pinto, F.M., Nazeyrollas, P., Clement, C., and Devillier, P. (2004) Characterization of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors on human saphenous veins: antagonist activity of montelukast and its metabolites. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 43, 113-120.
56. Zhang, W.P., Hu, H., Zhang, L., Ding, W., Yao, H.T., Chen, K.D., Sheng, W.W., Chen, Z., and Wei, E.Q. (2004) Expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in human traumatic brain injury and brain tumors. Neurosci. Lett. 363, 247-251.
57. Mellor, E.A., Frank, N., Soler, D., Hodge, M.R., Lora, J.M., Austen, K.F., and Boyce, J.A. (2003) Expression of the type 2 receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT2R) by human mast cells: functional distinction from CysLT1R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100(20), 11589-11593.
58. Kamohara, M., Takasaki, J., Matsumoto, M., Matsumoto, S., Saito, T., Soga, T., Matsushime, H., and Furuichi, K. (2001) Functional characterization of cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT(2) receptor on human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287, 1088-1092.
59. Mita, H., Hasegawa, M., Saito, H., and Akiyama, K. (2001) Levels of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor mRNA in human peripheral leucocytes: significantly higher expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 mRNA in eosinophils. Clin. Exp. Allergy 31, 1714-1723.
60. Sjostrom, M., Johansson, A.S., Schroder, O., Qiu, H., Palmblad, J., and Haeggstrom, J.Z. (2003) Dominant expression of the CysLT2 receptor accounts for calcium signaling by cysteinyl leukotrienes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, E37-41.
61. Lotzer, K., Spanbroek, R., Hildner, M., Urbach, A., Heller, R., Bretschneider, E., Galczenski, H., Evans, J.F., and Habenicht, A.J. (2003) Differential leukotriene receptor expression and calcium responses in endothelial cells and macrophages indicate 5-lipoxygenase-dependent circuits of inflammation and atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, E32-36.
62. Hu, H., Chen, G., Zhang, J.M., Zhang, W.P., Zhang, L., Ge, Q.F., Yao, H.T., Ding, W., Chen, Z., and Wei, E.Q. (2005) Distribution of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 in human traumatic brain injury and brain tumors. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 26, 685-690.
63. Sloniewsky, D.E., Ridge, K.M., Adir, Y., Fries, F.P., Briva, A., Sznajder, J.I., and Sporn, P.H. (2004) Leukotriene D4 activates alveolar epithelial Na,K-ATPase and increases alveolar fluid clearance. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 169, 407-412.
64. Murphy, R.C., Hammaström, S., and Samuelsson, B. (1979) Leukotriene C: slow-reacting substance from murine mastocytoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76, 4275-4279.
65. Nicholson, D.W., Ali, A., Klemba, M.W., Munday, N.A., Zamboni, R.J., and Ford-Hutchinson, A.W. (1992) Human leukotriene C4 synthase expression in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated U937 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17849-17857.
66. Winkler, J.D., Sarau, H.M., Foley, J.J., and Crooke, S.T. (1988) Leukotriene D4-induced homologous desensitization in basal and differentiated U-937 cells: characterization with the partial agonist leukotriene E4 and assessment of receptor reserve. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 247, 54-62.
67. Winkler, J.D., Sarau, H.M., Foley, J.J., and Crooke, S.T. (1988) Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibition of leukotriene D4-induced signal transduction was rapidly reversed by staurosporine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157, 521-529.
68. Pollock, K. and Creba, J. (1990) Leukotriene D4 induced calcium changes in U937 cells may utilize mechanisms additional to inositol phosphate production that are pertussis toxin insensitive but are blocked by phorbol myristate acetate. Cell. Signal. 2, 563-568.
69. Winkler, J.D., Sarau, H.M., Foley, J.J., and Crooke, S.T. (1990) Inhibitors of protein kinase C selectively enhanced leukotriene D4-induced calcium mobilization in differentiated U-937 cells. Cell. Signal. 2, 427-437.
70. Capra, V., Ravasi, S., Accomazzo, M.R., Citro, S., Grimoldi, M., Abbracchio, M.P., and Rovati, G.E. (2005) CysLT1 receptor is a target for extracellular nucleotide-induced heterologous desensitization: a possible feedback mechanism in inflammation. J. Cell Sci. 118, 5625-5636.
71. Chan, C.C., Ecclestone, P., Nicholson, D.W., Metters, K.M., Pon, D.J., and Rodger, I.W. (1994) Leukotriene D4-induced increases in cytosolic calcium in THP-1 cells: dependence on extracellular calcium and inhibition with selective leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269, 891-896.
72. Dahlen, S.E., Hedqvist, P., Hammarström, S., and Samuelsson, B. (1980) Leukotrienes are potent costrictors of human bronchi. Nature 288, 484-486.
73. Gorenne, I., Labat, C., Gascard, J.P., Norel, X., Nashashibi, N., and Brink, C. (1998) Leukotriene D4 contractions in human airways are blocked by SK&F 96365, an inhibitor of receptor-mediated calcium entry. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284, 549-552.
74. Snetkov, V.A., Hapgood, K.J., McVicker, C.G., Lee, T.H., and Ward, J.P. (2001) Mechanisms of leukotriene D4-induced constriction in human small bronchioles. Br. J. Pharmacol. 133, 243-252.
75. Accomazzo, M.R., Rovati, G.E., Vigano, T., Hernandez, A., Bonazzi, A., Bolla, M., Fumagalli, F., Viappiani, S., Galbiati, E., Ravasi, S., Albertoni, C., Di Luca, M., Caputi, A., Zannini, P., Chiesa, G., Villa, A.M., Doglia, S.M., Folco, G., and Nicosia, S. (2001) Leukotriene D4-induced activation of smooth-muscle cells from human bronchi is partly Ca2+-independent. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163, 266-272.
76. McMahon, B., Stenson, C., McPhillips, F., Fanning, A., Brady, H.R., and Godson, C. (2000) Lipoxin A4 antagonizes the mitogenic effects of leukotriene D4 in human renal mesangial cells. Differential activation of MAP kinases through distinct receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 27566-27575.
77. Jiang, Y., Kanaoka, Y., Feng, C., Nocka, K., Rao, S., and Boyce, J.A. (2006) Cutting edge: interleukin 4-dependent mast cell proliferation requires autocrine/intracrine cysteinyl leukotriene-induced signaling. J. Immunol. 177, 2755-2759.
78. Saegusa, S., Tsubone, H., and Kuwahara, M. (2001) Leukotriene D(4)-induced Rho-mediated actin reorganization in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 413, 163-171.
79. Parameswaran, K., Cox, G., Radford, K., Janssen, L.J., Sehmi, R., and O'Byrne, P.M. (2002) Cysteinyl leukotrienes promote human airway smooth muscle migration. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 738-742.
80. Snyder, D.S., Castro, R., and Desforges, J.F. (1989) Antiproliferative effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors on malignant human hematopoietic cell lines. Exp. Hematol. 17, 6-9.
81. Leikauf, G.D., Claesson, H.E., Doupnik, C.A., Hybbinette, S., and Grafstrom, R.C. (1990) Cysteinyl leukotrienes enhance growth of human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 259, L255-261.
82. Rajah, R., Nunn, S.E., Herrick, D.J., Grunstein, M.M., and Cohen, P. (1996) Leukotriene D4 induces MMP-1, which functions as an IGFBP protease in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271, L1014-1022.
83. 4 on human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, matrix expression, and contraction in vitro: differential sensitivity to cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 19, 453-461.
84. Espinosa, K., Bosse, Y., Stankova, J., and Rola-Pleszczynski, M. (2003) CysLT1 receptor upregulation by TGF-beta and IL-13 is associated with bronchial smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to LTD4. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111, 1032-1040.
85. Kumasawa, F., Hashimoto, S., Onose, A., Jibiki, I., Mizumura, K., Matsumoto, K., Maruoka, S., Gon, Y., Kobayashi, T., Takahashi, N., Ichijo, H., and Horie, T. (2005) Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in leukotriene D(4)-induced activator protein-1 activation in airway smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 517, 11-16.
86. McMahon, B., Mitchell, D., Shattock, R., Martin, F., Brady, H.R., and Godson, C. (2002) Lipoxin, leukotriene, and PDGF receptors cross-talk to regulate mesangial cell proliferation. FASEB J. 16, 1817-1819.
87. Braccioni, F., Dorman, S.C., O'Byrne P, M., Inman, M.D., Denburg, J.A., Parameswaran, K., Baatjes, A.J., Foley, R., and Gauvreau, G.M. (2002) The effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes on growth of eosinophil progenitors from peripheral blood and bone marrow of atopic subjects. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 110, 96-101.
88. Perng, D.W., Wu, Y.C., Chang, K.T., Wu, M.T., Chiou, Y.C., Su, K.C., Perng, R.P., and Lee, Y.C. (2006) Leukotriene C4 induces TGF-beta1 production in airway epithelium via p38 kinase pathway. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 34, 101-107.
89. Przylipiak, A., Hafner, J., Przylipiak, J., Runnebaum, B., Rabe, T., and Kohn, F.M. (1998) Influence of leukotrienes on in vitro growth of human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 77, 61-65.
90. Mattern, M.R., Mong, S., Mong, S.M., Bartus, J.O., Sarau, H.M., Clark, M.A., Foley, J.J., and Crooke, S.T. (1990) Transient activation of topoisomerase I in leukotriene D4 signal transduction in human cells. Biochem. J. 265, 101-107.
91. Allen, S.P., Chester, A.H., Piper, P.J., Sampson, A.P., Akl, E.S., and Yacoub, M.H. (1992) Effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on human isolated saphenous veins. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 34, 409-414.
92. Ortiz, J.L., Gorenne, I., Cortijo, J., Seller, A., Labat, C., Sarria, B., Abram, T.S., Gardiner, P.J., Morcillo, E., and Brink, C. (1995) Leukotriene receptors on human pulmonary vascular endothelium. Br. J. Pharmacol. 115, 1382-1386.
93. Mellor, E.A., Austen, K.F., and Boyce, J.A. (2002) Cysteinyl leukotrienes and uridine diphosphate induce cytokine generation by human mast cells through an interleukin 4-regulated pathway that is inhibited by leukotriene receptor antagonists. J. Exp. Med. 195, 583-592.
94. Ichiyama, T., Hasegawa, M., Ueno, Y., Makata, H., Matsubara, T., and Furukawa, S. (2005) Cysteinyl leukotrienes induce monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in human monocytes/macrophages. Clin. Exp. Allergy 35, 1214-1219.
95. Thompson, C., Cloutier, A., Bosse, Y., Thivierge, M., Le Gouill, C., Larivee, P., McDonald, P.P., Stankova, J., and Rola-Pleszczynski, M. (2006) CysLT1 receptor engagement induces AP-1- and NF-{kappa}B-dependent interleukin-8 expression. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 35(6), 697-704.
96. Mohle, R., Boehmler, A.M., Denzlinger, C., and Kanz, L. (2003) Nonpeptide mediators in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 996, 61-66.
97. Rovati, G.E., Baroffio, M., Citro, S., Brichetto, L., Ravasi, S., Milanese, M., Crimi, E., and Brusasco, V. (2006) Cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the regulation of beta2-adrenoceptor function: an in vitro model of asthma. Respir. Res. 7, 103.
98. Benovic, J.L. (2002) Novel beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 110, S229-235.
99. Coreno, A., Skowronski, M., West, E., El-Ekiaby, A., and McFadden, E.R., Jr. (2005) Bronchoprotective effects of single doses of salmeterol combined with montelukast in thermally induced bronchospasm. Chest 127, 1572-1578.
100. Heimburger, M. and Palmblad, J.E. (1996) Effects of leukotriene C4 and D4, histamine and bradykinin on cytosolic calcium concentrations and adhesiveness of endothelial cells and neutrophils. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 103, 454-460.
101. Uzonyi, B., Lotzer, K., Jahn, S., Kramer, C., Hildner, M., Bretschneider, E., Radke, D., Beer, M., Vollandt, R., Evans, J.F., Funk, C.D., and Habenicht, A.J.R. (2006) Cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor and protease-activated receptor 1 activate strongly correlated early genes in human endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103(16), 6326-6331.
102. McIntyre, T.M., Zimmerman, G.A., and Prescott, S.M. (1986) Leukotrienes C4 and D4 stimulate human endothelial cells to synthesize platelet-activating factor and bind neutrophils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 2204-2208.
103. Datta, Y.H., Romano, M., Jacobson, B.C., Golan, D.E., Serhan, C.N., and Ewenstein, B.M. (1995) Peptido-leukotrienes are potent agonists of von Willebrand factor secretion and P-selectin surface expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Circulation 92, 3304-3311.
104. Pedersen, K.E., Bochner, B.S., and Undem, B.J. (1997) Cysteinyl leukotrienes induce P-selectin expression in human endothelial cells via a non-CysLT1 receptor-mediated mechanism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281, 655-662.
105. Allen, S., Dashwood, M., Morrison, K., and Yacoub, M. (1998) Differential leukotriene constrictor responses in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Circulation 97, 2406-2413.
106. Qian, X.D., Wei, E.Q., Zhang, L., Sheng, W.W., Wang, M.L., Zhang, W.P., and Chen, Z. (2006) Pranlukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, protects mice against brain cold injury. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 549, 35-40.
107. Bandeira-Melo, C., Woods, L.J., Phoofolo, M., and Weller, P.F. (2002) Intracrine cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-mediated signaling of eosinophil vesicular transport-mediated interleukin-4 secretion. J. Exp. Med. 196, 841-850.
108. Nielsen, C.K., Campbell, J.I., Ohd, J.F., Morgelin, M., Riesbeck, K., Landberg, G., and Sjolander, A. (2005) A novel localization of the G-protein-coupled CysLT1 receptor in the nucleus of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 65, 732-742.
109. Lu, D., Yang, H., Shaw, G., and Raizada, M.K. (1998) Angiotensin II-induced nuclear targeting of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor in brain neurons. Endocrinology 139, 365-375.
110. Lee, D.K., Lanca, A.J., Cheng, R., Nguyen, T., Ji, X.D., Gobeil, F., Jr., Chemtob, S., George, S.R., and O'Dowd, B.F. (2004) Agonist-independent nuclear localization of the Apelin, angiotensin AT1, and bradykinin B2 receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 7901-7908.
111. Hanaka, H., Shimizu, T., and Izumi, T. (2002) Nuclear-localization- signal-dependent and nuclear-export-signal-dependent mechanisms determine the localization of 5-lipoxygenase. Biochem. J. 361, 505-514.
112. Gobeil, F., Fortier, A., Zhu, T., Bossolasco, M., Leduc, M., Grandbois, M., Heveker, N., Bkaily, G., Chemtob, S., and Barbaz, D. (2006) G-protein-coupled receptors signalling at the cell nucleus: an emerging paradigm. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 84, 287-297.
113. Marrache, A.M., Gobeil, F., Zhu, T., and Chemtob, S. (2005) Intracellular signaling of lipid mediators via cognate nuclear G protein-coupled receptors. Endothelium 12, 63-72.
114. Selbie, L.A. and Hill, S.J. (1998) G protein-coupled-receptor cross-talk: the fine-tuning of multiple receptor-signalling pathways. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19, 87-93.
115. Song, P., Milanese, M., Crimi, E., Rehder, K., and Brusasco, V. (1997) Allergen challenge of passively sensitized human bronchi alters M2 and beta2 receptor function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 155, 1230-1234.
116. Song, P., Crimi, E., Milanese, M., Duan, J., Rehder, K., and Brusasco, V. (1998) Anti-inflammatory agents and allergen-induced beta2-receptor dysfunction in isolated human bronchi. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 158, 1809-1814.
117. Mamedova, L., Capra, V., Accomazzo, M.R., Gao, Z.G., Ferrario, S., Fumagalli, M., Abbracchio, M.P., Rovati, G.E., and Jacobson, K.A. (2005) CysLT(1) leukotriene receptor antagonists inhibit the effects of nucleotides acting at P2Y receptors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 71, 115-125.
118. Beller, T.C., Maekawa, A., Friend, D.S., Austen, K.F., and Kanaoka, Y. (2004) Targeted gene disruption reveals the role of the cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor in increased vascular permeability and in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 46129-46134.
119. Maggio, R., Novi, F., Scarselli, M., and Corsini, G.U. (2005) The impact of G-protein-coupled receptor hetero-oligomerization on function and pharmacology. FEBS J. 272, 2939-2946.
120. Bulenger, S., Marullo, S., and Bouvier, M. (2005) Emerging role of homo- and heterodimerization in G-protein-coupled receptor biosynthesis and maturation. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26, 131-137.
121. Rovati, G.E., Capra, V., and Nicosia, S. (1997) More on the classification of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 18, 148.
122. Norel, X. and Brink, C. (2004) The quest for new cysteinyl-leukotriene and lipoxin receptors: recent clues. Pharmacol. Ther. 103, 81-94.
123. Schellenberg, R.R. and Foster, A. (1984) Differential activity of leukotrienes upon human pulmonary vein and artery. Prostaglandins 27, 475-482.
124. Walch, L., Norel, X., Back, M., Gascard, J.P., Dahlen, S.E., and Brink, C. (2002) Pharmacological evidence for a novel cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor subtype in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle. Br. J. Pharmacol. 137, 1339-1345.
125. Ohd, J.F., Wikstrom, K., and Sjolander, A. (2000) Leukotrienes induce cell-survival signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 119, 1007-1018.
126. Back, M., Norel, X., Walch, L., Gascard, J., de Montpreville, V., Dahlen, S., and Brink, C. (2000) Prostacyclin modulation of contractions of the human pulmonary artery by cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 401, 389-395.
127. Ravasi, S., Capra, V., Mezzetti, M., Nicosia, S., and Rovati, G.E. (2000) A kinetic binding study to evaluate the pharmacological profile of a specific leukotriene C(4) binding site not coupled to contraction in human lung parenchyma. Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 1182-1189.
128. Ravasi, S., Capra, V., Panigalli, T., Rovati, G.E., and Nicosia, S. (2002) Pharmacological differences among CysLT(1) receptor antagonists with respect to LTC(4) and LTD(4) in human lung parenchyma. Biochem. Pharmacol. 63, 1537-1546.
129. Ciana, P., Fumagalli, M., Trincavelli, M.L., Verderio, C., Rosa, P., Lecca, D., Ferrario, S., Parravicini, C., Capra, V., Gelosa, P., Guerrini, U., Belcredito, S., Cimino, M., Sironi, L., Tremoli, E., Rovati, G.E., Martini, C., and Abbracchio, M.P. (2006) The orphan receptor GPR17 identified as a new dual uracil nucleotides/cysteinylleukotrienes receptor. EMBO J. 25, 4615-4627.
130. Raport, C.J., Schweickart, V.L., Chantry, D., Eddy, R.L., Jr., Shows, T.B., Godiska, R., and Gray, P.W. (1996) New members of the chemokine receptor gene family. J. Leukoc. Biol. 59, 18-23.
131. Abbracchio, M.P., Burnstock, G., Boeynaems, J.M., Barnard, E.A., Boyer, J.L., Kennedy, C., Fumagalli, M., Gachet, C., Jacobson, K.A., and Weisman, G.A. (2006) International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: update of the P2Y G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors: from molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology to therapy. Pharmacol. Rev. 58, 281-341.
132. Blasius, R., Weber, R.G., Lichter, P., and Ogilvie, A. (1998) A novel orphan G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in the brain is localized on human chromosomal band 2q21. J. Neurochem. 70, 1357-1365.
133. Nonaka, Y., Hiramoto, T., and Fujita, N. (2005) Identification of endogenous surrogate ligands for human P2Y12 receptors by in silico and in vitro methods. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337, 281-288.
134. Massoumi, R. and Sjolander, A. (2007) The Role of Leukotriene Receptor Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 7, 1413-1421.
135. Bäck, M. (2007) Leukotriene Receptors: Crucial Components in Vascular Inflammation. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 7, 1422-1439.