A new anatomically based protocol for gait analysis in children

Gait and Posture

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 560-571

  Leardini, Alberto ^a   Sawacha, Zimi ^a   Paolini, Gabriele ^a   Ingrosso, Stefania ^a   Nativo, Roberto ^a   Benedetti, Maria Grazia ^a  

^a Movement Analysis Laboratory   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anatomical reference frames; Experimental methodology; Human movement analysis; Kinematic model; Marker set; Offset angles; Variability

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GAIT; HIP; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; JOINT FUNCTION; KINEMATICS; LEG MOVEMENT; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NORMAL HUMAN; PELVIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD;

BIOMECHANICS; CHILD; GAIT; HUMANS; LOWER EXTREMITY; ROTATION; WALKING;

EID: 34548775694     PISSN: 09666362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.018     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Sutherland D.H. The evolution of clinical gait analysis. Part II. Kinematics. Gait Post 16 (2002) 159-179
2. Gage J.R. Gait analysis. An essential tool in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Clin Orthopaed 288 (1993) 126-134
3. Andriacchi T.P., and Alexander E.J. Studies of human locomotion: past, present and future. J Biomech 33 10 (2000) 1217-1223
4. De Luca P.A. The use of gait analysis and dynamic EMG in the assessment of the child with cerebral palsy. Hum Mov Sci 10 (1991) 543-554
5. Gage J.R. The rule of gait analysis in the treatment of cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 14 6 (1994) 701-702
6. Gage J.R., DeLuca P.A., and Renshaw T.S. Gait analysis: principles and applications. J Bone Joint Surg 77-A 10 (1995) 1607-1623
7. Gage J.R., and Novacheck T.F. An update on the treatment of gait problems in cerebral Palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 10 Part B (2001) 265-274
8. Jenkins S.E., Harrington M.E., Zavatsky A.B., O'Connor J.J., and Theologis T.N. Femoral muscle attachment locations in children and adults, and their prediction from clinical measurement. Gait Post 18 1 (2003) 13-22
9. Kadaba M.P., Ramakrishnan H.K., and Wootten M.E. Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. J Orthop Res 8 (1989) 383-392
10. Ramakrishnan H.K., and Kadaba M.P. On the estimation of joint kinematics during gait. J Biomech 24 (1991) 969-977
11. Davis III R.B., Ounpuu S., Tyburski D., and Gage J.R. A gait data collection and reduction technique. Hum Mov Sci 10 (1991) 575-587
12. Manal K., McClay I., Stanhope S., Richards J., and Galinat B. Comparison of surface mounted markers and attachment methods in estimating tibial rotations during walking: an in vivo study. Gait Post 11 (2002) 38-45
13. Gorton G., Hebert D., and Goode B. Assessment of the kinematic variability between 12 Shriners Motion Analysis Laboratories. Gait Post 13 (2001) 247
14. Alderink G., Cobabe Y., Foster R., and Marchinda D. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of specific pelvic and leg measurements used for determining hip joint center. Gait Post 11 (2000) 121
15. Frigo C., Rabuffetti M., Kerrigan D.C., Deming L.C., and Pedotti A. Functionally oriented and clinically feasible quantitative gait analysis method. Med Biol Eng Comput 36 2 (1998) 179-185
16. Cappozzo A. Gait analysis methodology. Hum Mov Sci 3 (1984) 25-54
17. Cappozzo A., Catani F., Della Croce U., and Leardini A. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: anatomical frame definition and determination. Clin Biomech 10 4 (1995) 171-178
18. Benedetti M.G., Catani F., Leardini A., Pignotti E., and Giannini S. Data management in gait analysis for clinical applications. Clin Biomech 13 3 (1998) 204-215
19. Tabakin D., and Vaughan C.L. A comparison of 3D gait models based on the Helen Hayes marker-set. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the 3D Analysis of Human Movement. Cape Town, South Africa (2000) 98-101
20. Della Croce U., Cappozzo A., and Kerrigan D.C. Pelvis and lower limb anatomical landmark calibration precision and its propagation to bone geometry and joint angles. Med Biol Eng Comput 36 (1999) 155-161
21. Della Croce U., Camomilla V., Leardini A., and Cappozzo A. Femoral anatomical frame: assessment of various definitions. Med Eng Phys 25 5 (2003) 425-431
22. Della Croce U., Leardini A., Chiari L., and Cappozzo A. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 4. Assessment of anatomical landmark misplacement and its effects on joint kinematics. Gait Post 21 2 (2005) 226-237
23. Bell A.L., Pedersen D.R., and Brand R.A. A comparison of the accuracy of several hip center location prediction methods. J Biomech 23 6 (1990) 617-621
24. Cappozzo A., Della Croce U., Leardini A., and Chiari L. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 1. Theoretical background. Gait Post 21 2 (2005) 186-196
25. Wu G., and Cavanagh P.R. ISB recommendations for standardization in the reporting of kinematic data. J Biomech 28 10 (1995) 1257-1261
26. Wu G., Siegler S., Allard P., Kirtley C., Leardini A., Rosenbaum D., et al. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion. Part I. Ankle, hip and spine. J Biomech 35 4 (2002) 543-548
27. Grood E.S., and Suntay W.J. A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee. J Biomech Eng 136 105 (1983)
28. Leardini A., Chiari L., Della Croce U., and Cappozzo A. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 3. Soft tissue artefact assessment and compensation. Gait Post 21 2 (2005) 212-225
29. Frigo C., and Rabuffetti M. Multifactorial estimation of hip and knee joint centres for clinical application of gait analysis. Gait Post 8 (1998) 91-102
30. Leardini A., Cappozzo A., Catani F., Toksvig-Larsen S., Petitto A., Sforza V., et al. Validation of a functional method for the estimation of hip joint centre location. J Biomech 32 1 (1999) 99-103
31. Siston R.A., and Delp S.L. Evaluation of a new algorithm to determine the hip joint center. J Biomech 39 1 (2006) 125-130
32. Camomilla V., Cereatti A., Vannozzi G., and Cappozzo A. An optimized protocol for hip joint centre determination using the functional method. J Biomech 39 6 (2006) 1096-1106
33. Seidel G.K., Marchinda D.M., Dijkers M., and Soutas-Little R.W. Hip joint center location from palpable bony landmarks-a cadaver study. J Biomech 28 8 (1995) 995-998
34. Piazza S.J., Erdemir A., Okita N., and Cavanagh P.R. Assessment of the functional method of hip joint center location subject to reduced range of hip motion. J Biomech 37 3 (2004) 349-356
35. Õunpuu S., Davis R.B., and DeLuca P.A. Joint kinetics: methods, interpretation and treatment decision-making in children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele. Gait Post 4 1 (1996) 62-78
36. Fantozzi S., Stagni R., Cappello A., and Leardini A. Effect of different inertial parameter sets on joint moment calculation during stair ascending and descending. Med Eng Phys 27 6 (2005) 537-541
37. Krabbe B., Farkas R., and Baumann W. Influence of inertia on intersegment moments of the lower extremity joints. J Biomech 30 (1997) 517-519
38. Kadaba M.P., Ramakrishnan H.K., Wootten M.E., Gainey J., Gorton G., and Cochran G.V.B. Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data in normal adult gait. J Orthop Res 7 6 (1989) 849-860
39. Cho S.H., Park J.M., and Kwon O.Y. Gender differences in three-dimensional gait analysis data from 98 healthy Korean adults. Clin Biomech 19 (2004) 145-152
40. Stansfield B.W., Hazlewood M.E., Hillman S.J., Lawson A.M., Loudon I.R., Mann A.R., et al. Sagittal joint angles, moments and powers are predominantly characterised by speed of progression, not age in 7-12-year old normal children walking at self selected speeds. J Pediatr Orthop 21 (2001) 403-411
41. Van der Linden M.L., Kerr A.M., Hazlewood M.E., Hillman S.J., and Robb J.E. Kinematic and kinetic gait characteristics of normal children walking at a range of clinically relevant speeds. J Pediatr Orthop 22 6 (2002) 800-806
42. Sutherland D.H., Olshen R., Cooper L., and Woo S.L. The development of mature gait. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62 3 (1980) 336-353
43. Sutherland DH, Olshen RA, Biden EN, Wyatt MP. The Development of Mature walking Mac Keith Press. Phyladelphia, USA 1988; 66-153.
44. Vogt L., Portscher M., Brettmann K., Pfeifer K., and Banzer W. Cross-validation of marker configurations to measure pelvic kinematics in gait. Gait Post 18 (2003) 178-184
45. Winter D.A. The biomechanics and motor control of human gait: normal, elderly and pathological. 2nd ed. (1991), University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, Ontario p. 9
46. Chiari L., Della Croce U., Leardini A., and Cappozzo A. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 2. Instrumental errors. Gait Post 21 2 (2005) 197-211
47. Gorton G., Hebert D., and Goode B. Assessment of the kinematic variability between 12 Shriners Motion Analysis Laboratories. Part 2. Short term follow up. Gait Post 16 Suppl. 1 (2002) S65-S66
48. Noonan K.J., Halliday S., Browne R., O'Brien S., Kayes K., and Feinberg J. Interobserver variability of gait analysis in patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 23 3 (2003) 279-287
49. Van Sint Jan S, Feipel V, Ciaravella C, Martin S. Lower limb anatomical landmark definition and identification within different experimental contexts 2002; deliverable of the Vakhum project (IST-1999-10954); [available at www.ulb.ac.be/project/vakhum/public_report/public_report.htm].