Convective-stratiform rainfall separation by cloud content

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 112, Issue 14, 2007, Pages

  Sui, Chung Hsiung ^a   Tsay, Ching Tung ^a   Li, Xiaofan ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RAIN;

CLOUD COVER; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; RAINFALL; STRATIFORM CLOUD; TOGA-COARE;

EID: 34548745272     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008082     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adler, R. F., and A. J. Negri (1988), A satellite infrared technique to estimate tropical convective and stratiform rainfall, J. Appl. Meteorol., 27, 30-51.
2. Biggerstaff, M. I., and S. A. Listemaa (2000), An improved scheme for convective/stratiform echo classification using radar reflectivity, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 2129-2150.
3. Caniaux, G., J.-L. Redelsperger, and J.-P. Lafore (1994), A numerical study of the stratiform region of a fast-moving squall line: Part I. General description and water and heat budgets, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2046-2074.
4. Churchill, D. D., and R. A. Houze Jr. (1984), Development and structure of winter monsoon cloud clusters on 10 December 1978, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 933-960.
5. Guichard, F., J.-P. Lafore, and J.-L. Redelsperger (1997), Thermodynamic impact and internal structure of a tropical convective cloud system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 2297-2324.
6. Houghton, H. G. (1968), On precipitation mechanisms and their artificial modification, J. Appl. Meteorol., 7, 851-859.
7. Houze, R. A., Jr. (1993), A climatological study of vertical transports by cumulus-scale convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1112-1123.
8. Houze, R. A., Jr. (1997), Stratiform precipitation in region of convection: A meteorological paradox?, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2179-2196.
9. Krueger, S. K., Q. Fu, K. N. Liou, and H.-N. S. Chin (1995), Improvement of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 281-287.
10. Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and B. Ferrier (2003), Modeling of convective-stratiform precipitation processes: Sensitivity to partition methods, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 507-523.
11. Li, X., C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and M.-D. Chou (1999), Large-scale forcing and cloud-radiation interaction in the tropical deep convective regime, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3028-3042.
12. Li, X., C.-H. Sui, and K.-M. Lau (2002a), Dominant cloud microphysical processes in a tropical oceanic convective system: A 2-D cloud resolving modeling study, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2481-2491.
13. Li, X., C.-H. Sui, and K.-M. Lau (2002b), Precipitation efficiency in the tropical deep convective regime: A 2-D cloud resolving modeling study, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn, 80, 205-212.
14. Lin, Y-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville (1983), Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1065-1092.
15. Mapes, B. E., and R. A. Houze Jr. (1995), Diabetic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale convective systems, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1807-1828.
16. Olson, W. S., Y. Hong, C. D. Kummerow, and J. Turk (2001), A texture-polarization method for estimating convective- stratiform precipitation area coverage from passive microwave radiometer data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1577-1591.
17. Peng, L., C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and W.-K. Tao (2001), Genesis and evolution of super cloud clusters in a two-dimensional cumulus resolving model, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 877-895.
18. Rosenfeld, D., E. Amitai, and D. B. Wolff (1995), Classification of rain regimes by the three-dimensional properties of reflectivity fields, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 198-211.
19. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs (1983), The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones: Part VIII. A model for the "seeder-feeder" process in warm-frontal rainbands, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1185-1206.
20. Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs (1984), The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones: Part XII. A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2949-2972.
21. Soong, S. T., and Y. Ogura (1980), Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2035-2050.
22. Soong, S. T., and W.-K. Tao (1980), Response of deep tropical cumulus clouds to mesoscale processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2016-2034.
23. Steiner, M., and R. A. Houze Jr. (1993), Three-dimensional validation at TRMM ground truth sites: Some early results from Darwin, Australia. Preprints, 26th Int. Conf. On Radar Meteorology, Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., p. 417-420.
24. Steiner, M., R. A. Houze Jr., and S. E. Yuter (1995), Climatological characterization of three-dimensional storm structure from operational radar and rain gauge data, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 1978-2007.
25. Stephens, G. L., et al. (2002), The CloudSat Mission and the A-train - a new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
26. Sui, C.-H., and K.-M. Lau (1989), Origin of low frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part II: Effect of an improved treatment of moist processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 37-56.
27. Sui, C.-H., and X. Li (2005), A tendency of cloud ratio associated with the development of tropical water and ice clouds, Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 16, 419-434.
28. Sui, C.-H., K.-M. Lau, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson (1994), The tropical water and energy cycles in a cumulus ensemble model. Part I: Equilibrium climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 711-728.
29. Sui, C.-H., X. Li, and K.-M. Lau (1998), Radiative-convective processes in simulated diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2345-2359.
30. Sui, C.-H., X. Li, M.-J. Yang, and H.-L. Huang (2005), Estimation of Oceanic Precipitation Efficiency in Cloud Models, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4358-4370.
31. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson (1989), Modeling study of a tropical squall-type convective line, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 177-202.
32. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson (1993), The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. Part I: Model description, Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 4, 35-72.
33. Tao, W-K., J. Simpson, and M. McCumber (1989), An ice-water saturation adjustment, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 231-235.
34. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, W. S. Olson, D. Johnson, B. Ferrier, C. Kummerow, and R. Adler (2000), Vertical profiles of latent heat release and their retrieval for TOGA COARE convective systems using a cloud resolving model, SSM/I, and ship-borne radar data, J. Meteor Soc. Japan, 78, 333-355.
35. Tao, W.-K., et al. (2003), Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model, Meteor. Atmos. Physics, 82, 97-137.
36. Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson (1996), Surface meteorology and air-sea fluxes in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE, J. Clim., 9, 1959-1990.
37. Meng, F., L. Zhao, G. Poe, R. R. Ferraro, X. Li, and N. C. Grody (2003), Advanced microwave sounding unit cloud and precipitation algorithms, Radio Sci., 38(4), 8068, doi:10.1029/2002RS002679.
38. Xu, K.-M. (1995), Partitioning mass, beat, and moisture budgets of explicit simulated cumulus ensembles into convective and stratiform components, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1-23.
39. Zhang, M. H., and J. L. Lin (1997), Constrained variational analysis of sounding data based on column-integrated budgets of mass, heat, moisture, and momentum: Approach and application to ARM measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1503-1524.