Vitamin A deficiency among children in Brazil and worldwide;A deficiência de vitamina A em crianças no Brasil e no mundo

Ciencia e Saude Coletiva

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1253-1266

  Milagres, Regina Célia Rodrigues Miranda ^a   Nunes, Lélia Cápua ^b   Pinheiro Sant'Ana, Helena Maria ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF VIÇOSA   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF OURO PRETO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Children; Clinical indications; Public health issues; Sub clinical indications; Vitamin A deficiency

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548710173     PISSN: 14138123     EISSN: 16784561     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232007000500023     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. World Health Organization (WHO). The Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency. Micronutrient Deficiency Information System (MDIS) Working Paper 2. Geneva: WHO; 1995.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Nutrition for Health and Development: A global agenda for combating malnutrition. Progress Report. France: WHO; 2000.
3. Ramalho RA, Saunders C. Vitamina A: aspectos fisiopatológicos, diagnóstico e medidas de intervenção. Rev Metab Nutr 2003; 07:10-9.
4. Bloem MW, De Pee S, Danton-Hill ID. New issues in developing effective approaches for the prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency. Food Nut. Bull 1998; 19: 37-48.
5. Archana Dwivedi. Eliminating Vitamin A deficiency. UNICEF 2005 [acessado 2005 Set 10]. Disponível em: http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/ 23963_vitaminadeficiency.html
6. International Vitamin A Consultative Group (IVACG). Guidelines for the development of a simplified dietary assessment to identify groups at risk for inadequate intake for vitamin A. Washington, D.C.: Nutrition Foundation/IVACG; 1989.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). Indicators for assessing vitamin A deficiency and their application in monitoring and evaluating intervention programmes. (Micronutrient Series, 10). Geneva: WHO; 1996.
8. Ramalho RA, Flores H, Saunders C. Hipovitaminose A no Brasil: um problema de saúde pública. Rev Panam Salud Públ/Pan Am J Public Health 2002; 12 (2):117-22.
9. Mclaren D, Frigg M. Manual de ver y vivir sobre los transtornos por deficiencia de vitamina A (VADD). Washington, D.C.: OPAS/OMS; 1999.
10. Souza WA, Vilas Boas OMGC. A deficiência de vitamina A no Brasil: um panorama. Rev. Panam Salud Públ/Pan Am J Public Health 2002; 12 (3):173-9.
11. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde. Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2000.
12. Gonçalves-Carvalho CMR, Amaya-Farfan J, Wilke BC, Vencovsky R. Prevalência de hipovitaminose A em crianças da periferia do município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública 1995; 11(1):85-96.
13. Souza QS, Sato K, Torres MAA. Detection of the prevalence of hipovitaminose A in children under 2 years of age enrolled in basic health care units cities of state of São Paulo. Proceedings of the 16th Congress of Nutrition; 1998; Montréal. p. 292.
14. Ferraz, IS; Daneluzzi, JC, Vannucchi H. Vitamin A deficiency in children aged 6 to 24 months in São Paulo state, Brazil. Nutr Res 2000; 20:757-68.
15. Sarni RS, Kochi C, Ramalho RA, Schoeps DO, Sato K, Mattoso LCQ et al. Vitamina A: nível sérico e ingestão dietética em crianças e adolescentes com déficit estatural de causa não hormonal. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2002; 48(1):48-53.
16. Vítolo MR, Gama CM, Queiroz SS, Lopez FA, Colugnati FAB. Retinol sérico de adolescentes de uma escola da cidade de São Paulo. Rev Nutr2004; 17(3):291-9.
17. Santos MA, Rezende EG, Lamounier JA, Galvão MAM, Bonomo E, Leite, RC. Hipovitaminose A em escolares da zona rural de Minas Gerais. Rev Nutr 2005; 18(3):331-9.
18. Ramalho RA, Anjos LA, Flores H. Hipovitaminose A em recém-nascidos em duas maternidades públicas no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública 1998; 14(4):821-7.
19. Ramalho RA, Anjos LA, Flores H. Valores séricos de vitamina A e teste terapêutico em pré-escolares atendidos em uma unidade de saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rev Nutr 2001; 14(1):5-12.
20. Ramalho RA, Saunders C, Natalizi DA, Cardoso LO, Accioly E. Níveis séricos de retinol em escolares de 7 a 17 anos no município do Rio de Janeiro. Rev Nutr 2004; 17(4):461-8.
21. Prado MS, Assis AMO, Cruz MM, Araújo NMP, Bonfim RIF, Pereira CME. Hipovitaminose A em crianças de áreas rurais do semi-árido baiano. Rev. Saúde Pública 1995; (4)29:295-300.
22. Santos LMP, Assis AMO, Martins MC, Araújo MPN, Morris SS, Barreto ML. Situação nutricional e alimentar de pré-escolares no semi-árido da Bahia (Brasil): II Hipovitaminose A. Rev. Saúde Pública 1996; 30(1):67-74.
23. Assis AMO, Prado MS, Freitas MCS, Martins MC. Deficiência de vitamina A e desnutrição energético-protéica em crianças de localidades do semi-árido baiano. Rev Nutr 1997; 10:70-8.
24. Martins MC, Santos LMP, Assis, AMO. Prevalência da hipovitaminose A em pré-escolares no estado de Sergipe, 1998. Rev. Saúde Pública 2004; 38:537-42.
25. Diniz AS. Aspectos clínicos, subclínicos e epidemiológicos da hipovitaminose A no estado da Paraíba [tese de doutorado]. Recife (PE): Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 1997.
26. Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (INAN). Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP). II Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição: saúde, nutrição, alimentação e condições sócio-econômicas no estado de Pernambuco. Recife: INAN/IMIP; 1998.
27. Fernandes TFS, Diniz AS, Cabral PC, Oliveira RS, Lola MMF, Silva SMN et al. Hipovitaminose A em pré-escolares de creches públicas do Recife: indicadores bioquímico e dietético. Rev Nutr 2005; 18(4):471-80.
28. Alencar FH, Castro JS, Yuyama LKO, Marinho HA, Nagahama D. Diagnóstico da realidade nutricional no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. I - Hipovitaminose A. Acta Amaz 2002; 32:613-23.
29. Portaria no 2.160 de 29 de Dezembro de 1994. Cria, no Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (INAN), o Programa Nacional de Controle das Deficiências de Vitamina A e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União l994; 30 dez.
30. Portaria no 729, de 13 de Maio de 2005. Institui o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União, 16 maio de 2005.
31. World Health Organization (WHO). Integration of vitamin A supplementation with immunization: policy and programme implications. Report of a meeting. New York: WHO; 1998.
32. Radhika MS, Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Ramalakshmi BA, Devi S, Kumar BS. Effects of vitamina A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health. BJOG 2002; 109: 689-93.
33. West Jr KP. Extent of vitamin A Deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age. J Nutr 2002; 132:2857-66.
34. Ramakrishnan U. Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Nutr Rev 2002; 60: 46-52.
35. Azaïs-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71(Supl 5):1325-33.
36. Thurnham DI, Mc Cabe GP, Northrop-Clewes, Nestel P. Effects of subclinical infection on plasma retinol concentrations and assessment of prevalence of vitamin A deficiency: meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 362:2052-8.
37. Singh V, West Jr KP. Vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia among school-aged children in Southeastern Asia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:1342-9.
38. Mora JO, Gueri M, Mora OL. Vitamin A deficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean: An overview. Rev Panam Salud Públ/ Pan Am J Public Health 1998; 4:176-186.
39. De Navarro LC, Nicholls S. Deficiência de hierro, vitamina A y prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal em la poblacion infantil de Colômbia. Informe de Republica de Colombia, Minesterio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Subdirección de Investigación y Desarrollo, Laboratorio de Nutrición. Bogota: Minesterio de Salud; 1996.
40. Villalpando S, Montalvo-Velarde I, Zambrano N, García-Guerra A, Ramírez-Silva CI, Shamah-Levy T et al. Vitamins A, and C and folate status in Mexican children under 12 years and women 12-49 years: A probabilistic national survey. Salud Publica Mex 2003; 45 (Supl 4):508-18.
41. Paez Valery MC, Solano L, Del Real S. Risk indicators of vitamin A deficiency in children younger than 15-years old from a slum area of Valencia, Venezuela. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2002; 52:12-9.
42. Castejon HV, Ortega P, Amava D, Gomez G, Leal J, Castejon OJ. Co-existence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and growth retardation among children 24-84 months old in Maracaibo, Venezuela. Nutr Neurosci 2004; 7:113-9.
43. Castejon HV, Ortega P, Diaz ME, Amava D, Gomez G, Ramos M et al. Prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition in slum children in Maracaibo - Venezuela. Arch Latioam Nutr 2001; 51:25-32.
44. Stephens D, Jackson PL, Gutierrez Y. Subclinical vitamin A deficiency. A potentially unrecognized problem in the United States. Pediatr Nurs 1996; 22:377-456.
45. Stephenson LS, Latham MC & Ottesene EA. Global malnutrition. Parasitology 2000; 121 (Suppl):5-22.
46. Feungpean B, Suthutvoravut U, Supapannachart S, Rakthai S, Chatvuttinum S. Vitamin A status in premature infants. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85(Supl 4):1219-23.
47. Coles CL, Levy A, Gorodischer R, Dagan R, Deckelbaum RJ, Blaner WS et al. Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in Israeli-Bedouin toddlers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:796-802.
48. Rao VG, Yadav R, Dolla CK, Kumar S, Bhondeley MK, Ukey M. Undernutrition & childhood morbidities among tribal preschool children. Indian J Med Res 2005; 122:43-7.
49. Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, Saxena BN. Vitamin A deficiency disorders in 16 districts of India. Indian J Pediatr2002; 69:603-5.
50. Bhattacharya RN, Shrivastava P, Sadhukhan SK, Lahiri SK, Chakravorty M, Saha JBPC. Sen Memorial best paper award on rural health practice: A study on visual acuity and vitamin A deficiency among primary school students in Naxalbari Village, darjeeling district of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2004; 48:171-80.
51. Khandait DW, Vasudeo ND, Zodpey SP, Kumbhalkar DT. Risk factors for subclinical vitamin A deficiency in children under the age of 6 years. J Trop Pediatr 2000; 46:239-41.
52. Al-Kubaisy W, Al-Rubaiy MG, Nassief HA. Xerophthalmia among hospitalized Iraqi children. East Mediterr Health J 2002; 8:496-502.
53. Tan Z, Ma G, Lin L, Liu C, Liu Y, Jiang J et al. Prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its affecting factors in 8669 children of China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2002; 36:161-3.
54. Khatib IM. High prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency in Jordan: a forgotten risk. Food Nutr Bull 2002; 23 (Supl 3):228-36.
55. Khan MA, Khan MD. Classification of 154 clinical cases of vitamin A deficiency in children (0-15 years) in a tertiary hospital in North West Frontier Province Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2005; 55:77-8.
56. Mihora LD, Jatla KK, Little T, Campbell M, Rahim A, Enzenauer RW. Vitamina A deficiency in Afghanistan. Eye Contact Lens 2004; 30:159-62.
57. Pedro MR, Madriaga JR, Barba CV, Habito RC, Gana AE, Deitcher M et al. The national Vitamin A Supplementation Program and subclinical vitamin A deficiency among preschool children in the Philippines. Food Nutr Bull2004; 25:319-29.
58. Khan NC, Khoi HH, Giav T, Nhan NT, Nhan NT, Dung NC et al. Control of vitamin A deficiency in Vietnam: achievements and future orientation. Food Nutr Bull 2002; 23:133-42.
59. Farbos S, Resnikoff S, Peyramaure F, Castan R. Xerophthalmia. Identification des populations à risque intermédiaire. Cahiers Santé 1995; 5:159-61.
60. Schémann JF, Banou AA, Guindo A, Joret V, Traore L, Malvy D. Prevalence of Undernutrition and vitamin A deficiency in the Dogon Region, Mali. American College of Nutrition 2002; 21:381-7.
61. Oso OO, Abiodun PO, Omotade OO Oyewole D. Vitamin A status and Nutritional Intake of carotenoids of Preschool Children in Ijaye Orile Community in Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 2003; 49:42-7.
62. Rabiu MM, Kyari F. Vitamin A deficiency in Nigeria. Niger J Med 2002; 11:6-8.
63. Aguayo VM, Kahn S, Ismael C, Meershoek S. Vitamin A deficiency and child mortality in Mozambique. Public Health Nutr 2005; 8:29-31.
64. Kassaye T, Receveur O, Johns T, Becklake MR. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in children aged 6-9 years in Wukro, Northern Ethiopia. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 415-22.
65. Asrat YT, Omwega AM, Muita JW. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among pre-school and school-aged children in Arssi Zone, Ethiopia. East Afr Med J 2002; 79:501.
66. Kello AB, Gilbert C. causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in Ethiopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:526-30.
67. Gregory JR, Collins DL, Daves PSW, Hughes JM, Clarke PC. National diet and Nutrition survey: children aged 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 years. London: HMSO, 1995.
68. Palafox NA, Gamble MV, Dancheck B, Ricks MO, Briand K, Semba RD. Vitamin A Deficiency, Iron Deficiency, and Anemia Among Preschool Children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Nutrition 2003; 19:405-8.
69. International Vitamin A Consultative Group (IVACG). Vitamin A and the common agenda for micronutrients. Lima, Peru: IVACG; 2004.
70. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Ending vitamin A deficiency: A challenge to the world 2001 [acessado 2006 Ago 02]. Disponível em: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Vitamin_A_Goals. pdf