Toxicological study of the Anam River in Otuocha, Anambra State, Nigeria

Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health

Volumn 61, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 205-208

  Igwilo, Innocent O ^a   Afonne, Onyenmechi Johnson ^a   Maduabuchi, Ugwuona John Moses ^a   Orisakwe, Orish Ebere ^a  

^a NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Biological oxygen demand; Electrical conductivity; Heavy metals; Pollution; Salinity; Total dissolved solids

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CHLORIDE; COPPER; LEAD; NICKEL; NITRATE; OXYGEN; SULFATE;

ARTICLE; ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HEAVY METAL REMOVAL; METAL INDUSTRY; NIGERIA; POLLUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIVER; SALINITY; SOIL QUALITY; WATER HARDNESS; WATER QUALITY;

EID: 34548705944     PISSN: 19338244     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.61.5.205-208     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Alloway BJ, Ayres DC. Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution. 2nd ed. London, England: Blackie Academic; 1997:190-193.
2. Jung MC. Heavy metal contamination of soils and waters in and around the Imcheon Au-Ag Mine, Korea. Appl Geochemistry. 2001;16:1369-1375.
3. Ackenfor HS. Mercury pollution in Sweden, with special reference to conditions in the water habitat. Proc R Soc London. 1977;177:367-387.
4. Ferriguson JE. The Heavy Elements. Chemistry Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press; 1990.
5. Lauwerys RR. Health effects of cadmium. In: Di Ferrante E, ed. Trace Metal: Exposure and Health Effects. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press; 1979:43-64.
6. Berman E. Toxic Metals and Their Analysis. Philadelphia, PA: Hayden & Sons; 1980.
7. Needleman HL. The current status of childhood low-level lead toxicity. Neurotoxicology. 1993;14:161-166.
8. Yule W, Rutter M. Effect on children's behavior and cognitive performance: a critical review. In: Mahaffey R, ed. Dietary and Environmental Lead (Ph): Human Health Effects. New York: Elsevier; 1985:211-251.
9. US Environmental Protection Agency. List of drinking water contaminants and MCLs. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html. Accessed January 10, 2007.
10. Nigerian Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). National Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitation) Regulation. Nigerian FEPA; 1991:B18-B19.
11. World Health Organization. International Standards in Water Supply. 3rd ed. London, England: Edward Arnold; 1971.
12. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 2nd ed. Vol. 12: Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1996:50.
13. Hicks JC. Comprehensive Chemistry. London, England: Applied Science; 1992.
14. 2 production and bone resorption in cultured fetal mouse calvarias. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;158:503-518.
15. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Environmental Health Criteria. Vol 134: Cadmium. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1992.
16. Orisakwe OE, Asomugha R, Afonne OJ, Anisi CN, Obi E, Dioka CE. Impact of effluents from a car battery manufacturing plant in Nigeria on water, soil, and food qualities. Arch Environ Health. 2004;59:31-36.
17. Giwercman A, Carlsen E, Keiding N, Shakkebaek NE. Evidence for increasing incidence of abnormalities of human testis: a review. Environ Health Perspect. 1993;101:65-71.
18. Asomugha R, Orisakwe OE, Afonne OJ, Obi E, Nduka JC, Dioka CE. Impact of effluents from cable manufacturing plant on food, water and soil qualities in Nnewi, Nigeria. Pak J Biol Sci. 2005;8:744-747.
19. Harlod ET, Thomas DB, Fredrick LF. Living Things. New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston; 1977.
20. Costa, M. Molecular mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991;31:321-337.
21. McIlveen W, McLaughlin D. Assessment of Potential Health Risk of Reported Soil Levels of Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt in Port Colborne and Vicinity, May 1997. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Environment; December 2000. Technical report no. SDB-031-3511-2000. Available at: http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/techdocs/3685e.htm. Accessed February 9, 2006.
22. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. 33rd report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 776. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1993:28-31.
23. US Geological Survey (USGS). Nutrients in the Nation's Waters: Too Much of a Good Thing? Denver, CO: USGS; 1996c. USGS Cir 1136.
24. Spalding R, Exner M. Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater. J Environ Qual. 1993;22:392-402.
25. Walton G. Survey of literature relating to infant methemoglobinemia due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am J Public Health. 1951;41:986-996.