Medical innovation, collapsing goods, and the moral centrality of the free-market

Journal of Value Inquiry

Volumn 40, Issue 2-3, 2006, Pages 209-226

  Cherry, Mark J ^a  

^a ST EDWARD'S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548694063     PISSN: 00225363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10790-007-9043-2     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Thomas Magnell, "Collapsing Goods in Medicine and the Value of Innovation," Journal of Value Inquiry, Vol. 40, Nos. 2-3 (2006), p. 156.
2. Ibid., p. 160.
3. Ibid., p. 166.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. See Nathan Rosenberg and L.E. Birdzell, Jr., "How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World," in Eugene Heath ed., Morality and the Market: Ethics and Virtue in the Conduct of Business (New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 2001), p. 21.
7. Nicholas Capaldi, "Global Ethics and Natural Law," in Mark J. Cherry ed., Natural Law and the Possibility of a Global Ethics (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004), p. 72.
8. See Baruch A. Brody, "Conflicts of Interest and the Validity of Clinical Trials," in Roy G. Spece, Jr., David S. Shimm and Allen Buchanan eds., Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Practice and Research (New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1996),
9. and Lori B. Andrews, "Money is Putting People at Risk in Biomedical Research," Chronicle of Higher Education, vol. 46 (2000, March 10).
10. See Marl Barnes and Patrick Florencio, "Investigator, IRB and Institutional Financial Conflicts of Interest in Human-Subjects Research: Past, Present, and Future," Seton Hall Law Review 32 (2002), p. 526
11. and Barbara J. Culliton, "Biomedical Research Enters the Marketplace," New England Journal of Medicine vol. 304 (1981).
12. See Association of University Technology Managers. The AUTM Licensing Survey: FY 2002 (Northbrook, III: AUTM, 2002), p. 28.
13. See ibid., pp. 32-33 and Council on Governmental Relations, The Bayh-Dole Act: A Guide to the Law and Implementing Regulations (Washington, D.C: COGR, 1999).
14. See OECD. OECD Health Data, 2006 (Paris: OECD Publishing, 2006).
15. See Senate Joint Economics Committee, "The Benefits of Medical Research and the Role of the NIH" (Washington, D.C: SJE Committee, May 2000), p. 9.
16. See Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, "The Issues: Intellectual Property" (Washington, D.C: PhRMA, 2004).
17. See Laura J. Robinson, "Analysis of Recent Proposals to Reconfigure HatchWaxman," Journal of Intellectual Property Law Association vol, 11 (2003), p. 84
18. and Federal Trade Commission. "Generic Drug Entry Prior to Patent Expiration: An FTC Study" (Washington, D.C: Federal Trade Commission, 2002).
19. See Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, PhRMA press release, October 17, 2006, "R&D Investments by America's Pharmaceutical Research Companies New Record 40 Billion in 2005," PhRMA 2006/2007 Annual Report (Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 2006), National Institutes of Health, "Summary of the FY 2007 President's Budget," p. 2,
20. and PhRMA, Insights: Highlights from the Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2003 (Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 2003).
21. See Senate Joint Economics Committee, op. cit., p. i.
22. See Frank Lichtenberg, "The Effect of Pharmaceutical Utilization and Innovation on Hospitalization and Mortality," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, vol. 541 (1996), p. 8.
23. See also, Frank Lichtenberg, "Pharmaceutical Innovation and the Burden of Disease in Developing and Developed Countries," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 30 (2005).
24. See Frank Lichtenberg, "Pharmaceutical Innovation and the Burden of Disease in Developing and Developed Countries," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 30 (2005).
25. See Marcia Angell, "Is Academic Medicine for Sale?" The New England Journal of Medicine, vol, 342 (2000).
26. See E.G. Campbell, J.S. Weissman, E. May, and D. Blumenthal, "Status of Clinical Research in Academic Health Centers: Views from Research Leadership," Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 286 (2001), p. 805.
27. See Angell, op. cit., p. 1517.
28. See H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., "The Search for a Global Morality: Bioethics, the Culture Wars, and Moral Diversity," in H. T. Engelhardt, Jr. ed., Global Bioethics: The Collapse of Consensus (Salem, Mass.: M&M Scrivener Press, 2006), p. 22.
29. Ibid.
30. R. Andorno, "Biomedicine and International Human Rights Law: In Search of a Global Consensus," Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 80 (2002), p. 960.
31. Engelhardt, op. cit., p. 20.
32. See Mark J. Cherry, Kidney for Sale by Owner: Human Organs, Transplantation, and the Market (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2005),
33. James Stacey Taylor, Stakes and Kidneys: Why Markets in Human Body Parts Are Morally Imperative (Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2005)
34. and Benjamin Hippen, "In Defense of a Regulated Market in Kidneys from Living Vendors," The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 30 (2005).
35. Magnell, op. cit., p. 166.
36. See Brent Waters, "What is the Appropriate Contribution of Religious Communities in the Public Debate on Embryonic Stem Cell Research," in Brent Waters and Ronald Cole-Turner eds., God and the Embryo: Religious Voices on Stem Cells and Cloning (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2003)
37. and Ronald ColeTurner, "Religion Meets Research," in Brent Waters and Ronald Cole-Turner eds., op. cit.
38. See James Peterson, "Is a Human Embryo a Human Being?" in Brent Waters and Ronald Cole-Turner eds., op.cit.
39. See Waters, op. cit.; Cole -Turner, op. cit.
40. See Holy Synod of the Bishops of the Orthodox Church in America, "Embryonic Stem Cell Research in the Perspective of the Orthodox Christianity" in Brent Waters and Ronald Cole-Turner eds., op. cit.
41. Jack Sparks ed., "The Didache," in R. Kraft, trans., The Apostolic Fathers (Minneapolis, Minn.: Light and Life Publishing Company, 1978), p. 309.
42. Jack Sparks ed., "The Epistle of Barnabas," in R. Kraft, trans., The Apostolic Fathers (Minneapolis, Minn.: Light and Life Publishing Company, 1978), p. 298.
43. nd series, vol. XIV, p. 404.
44. Basil, Saint, "Letter 188," in P. Schaffand H. Wace eds., op. cit, vol. VIII, p. 225.
45. Leon Kass, Life, Liberty, and the Defense of Dignity (San Francisco, Calif.: Encounter Books, 2002), p. 88.
46. President's Council on Bioethics, Reproduction and Responsibility: The Regulation of New Biotechnologies (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004), p. xvii.
47. Ibid., p. 8.
48. See Scott Rae, "United States Perspectives on Assisted Reproductive Technologies," in John Peppin and Mark. J. Cherry eds., Regional Perspectives on Bioethics (Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger, 2003), pp. 21-38.
49. John Harris, "Euthanasia and the Value of Life," in J. Keown ed., Euthanasia Examined: Ethical, Clinical, and Legal Perspectives (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 11.
50. See Thomas B. Okama, "Human Embryonic Stem. Cells: A. Primer on the Technology and its Medical Applications," in Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz and Laurie Zoloth eds., The Human Embryonic Stem Cell Debate (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001),
51. and James A. Thomson, "Human Embryonic Stem. Cells," in Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz and Laurie Zoloth eds., op. cit.
52. See Margaret Farley, "Roman Catholic Views on Research Involving Human Embryonic Stem Cells," in Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz and Laurie Zoloth eds., op. cit.
53. See Michael Mendiola, "Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Possible Approaches from a Catholic Perspective," in Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz and Laurie Zoloth eds., op. cit.
54. See Ted Peters, "Embryonic Stem Cells and the Theology of Dignity," in Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz and Laurie Zoloth eds., op. cit.
55. See Karen Lebacqz, "On the Elusive Nature of Respect," in Suzanne Holland, Karen Lebacqz and Laurie Zoloth. eds., op. cit.
56. See H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., The Foundations of Bioethics, second edition (New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1996)
57. and H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., "The Search for a Global Morality: Bioethics, the Culture Wars, and Moral Diversity," in H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. ed., Global Bioethics: The Collapse of Consensus (Salem, Mass.: M&M. Scrivener, 2006), pp. 40ff.
58. See Magnell, op. cit., pp. 159ff.
59. See John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, Essays in Religion, Politics, and Morality, J. Rufus Fears ed. (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1988), p. 572.
60. See John C Calhoun, Union and Liberty: The Political Philosophy of John C. Calhoun, Ross Lence ed. (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1992), p. 19.
61. William. Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, G. Tucker, ed. (New York, N.Y.: Augustus M. Kelley Publishers, 1803), bk. 2, p. 1.
62. W. Prosser, Law of Torts (St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Company, 1971), p. 34.
63. See Thomas J. Bole, III, "The Perversity of Thomisitc Natural Law Theory," in Mark J. Cherry ed., Natural Law and the Possibility of a Global Ethics (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004).