Vegetation mapping in Norway and a scenario for vegetation changes in a mountain district

Geographia Polonica

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 41-64

  Bryn, Anders ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF BIOECONOMY RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

Forest limit; Land use changes; Mountainous areas; Norway; Regrowth and climate scenarios; Summer dairy farming; Vegetation mapping

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; GRAZING; LAND USE CHANGE; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; MAPPING METHOD; MOUNTAIN REGION; SURVEY; VEGETATION MAPPING;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; NORWAY; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 34548586999     PISSN: 00167282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Aas, B. (1964), Bjørke- og barskogsgrenser i Norge [Birch- and spruce forest-limits in Norway], unpublished Master's thesis, University of Oslo,Oslo.
2. Aas, B. (1969), Climatically raised Birch Lines in South-eastern Norway 1918-1968, Norwegian Journal of Geography, 23: 119-130.
3. Aas, B. and Faarlund, T. (1988), Postglacial Forest Limits in Central-South Norwegian Mountains. Radiocarbon Dating of Subfossil Pine and Birch Specimens, Norwegian Journal of Geography, 42: 25-61.
4. Aas, B. and Faarlund, T. (1995), Skoggrenseutviklingen i Norge, æarlig i det 20. århundre [Forest-limit development in Norway, with special regard to the 20th century], AmS-Varia, 24:89-100.
5. Aas, B. and Faarlund, T. (2000), Forest Limits and the Sub-Alpine Birch Belt in North Europe with a Focus on Norway, AmS-Varia, 37, 103-147.
6. Almås, R., Gjerdåker, B., Lunden, K., Myhre, B. and Øye, I. (2004), Norwegian Agricultural History, Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim.
7. Andersson, L., Rafstedt, T. and Sydow, U. (1985), Fjällens vegetation. Norrbottens län. En översikt over Norrbottensfjällens vegetation baserad på vegetationskartering och naturvärdering [Vegetation of the Swedish Mountain Area Norrbottens County: a Survey on the Basis of Vegetation Mapping and Assessment of Natural Values], Statens Naturvårdsverk, Solna.
8. Austrheim, G. (1998), Plant Biodiversity and Land Use in Sub-Alpine Grasslands, unpublished D. Sc. thesis, University of Trondheim, Trondheim.
9. Austrheim, G. and Eriksson, O. (2001), Plant Species Diversity and Grazing in the Scandinavian Mountains - Patterns and Processes at Different Spatial Scales, Ecography, 24: 683-695.
10. Balle, O. (2000), Vegetasjonskartlegginger i Norge. Kartlegginger fordelt på fylke/kommune. 5. utgave [Vegetation Mapping in Norway. Projects divided between municipalities/counties. Fifth edition], NIJOS-Report 15/00, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
11. Baumann, C., Gjerde, I., Blom, H. H., Sætersdal, M., Nilsen, J-E., Løken, B. and Ekanger, I. (2001), Miljøregistrering i skog - biologisk mangfold. Livsmiljøer i skog [Environmental Registering in Forest - Biological Diversity. Forest Habitats], Skogforsk og Landbruksde-partementet, Oslo.
12. Benestad, R. (2001), Nye klimascenarier for Norge basert på flere klimamodeller [New Climate Scenarios of Norway Based on Several Models], Cicerone, 3: 21-24.
13. Blytt, A. (1876), Forsøg til en theori om innvandringen af Norges flora under vexlende regnfulde og tørre tider [A Preliminary Theory on the Immigration of the Norwegian Flora under Changing Climate], Nyt Magazin for Naturvitenskaberne, 21: 279-362.
14. Braun-Blanquet, J. (1928), Planzensoziologie. Biologische Studienbücher VII, Berlin.
15. Bryn, A. and Daugstad, K. (2001), Summer Farming in the Sub-Alpine Birch Forest, in Wielgolaski, F.E. (ed.), Nordic Mountain Birch Ecosystem, UNESCO Man and Biosphere Series, 27:307-315.
16. Bryn, A. and Murvold, B. (2003), Vegetasjon og beite på Venabygdsfjellet [Vegetation and Domestic Grazing in Venabygdsfjellet], Hemgrenda, 27,115-124.
17. Bryn, A., Norderhaug, A. and Daugstad, K. (2001), Re-growth Effects on Vascular Plant Richness in Norwegian, Abandoned Summer Farm Areas, Icelandic Forestry Association Skogræktaritiǒ, 1, 163-166.
18. Bryn, A. and Rekdal, Y. (2002), Vegetasjon og beite på Venabygdsfjellet [Vegetation and Domestic Grazing in Venabygdsfjellet], NIJOS-Report 8/02, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
19. Bryn, A., Angeloff, M., Bjørklund, P.K. and Haugen, F. A. (2006), Vegetasjon, skog og biologisk mangfold i Ballangen [Vegetation, Forest and Biological Diversity in Ballangen], NIJOS-Report 2/06, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
20. Carranza, I., Ricotta, C., Fortini, P. and Blasi, C. (2003), Quantifying Landscape Change with Actual vs. Potential Natural Vegetation Maps, Phytocoenologia, 33: 591-601.
21. Coker, P. D. (2000), Vegetation Analysis, Mapping and Environmental Relationships at a Local Scale, Jotunheimen, Southern Norway, in Alexander, R. and Millington, A. C. (eds.), Vegetation Mapping, 135-158, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex.
22. Dahl, E. (1956), Rondane. Mountain Vegetation in South Norway and its Relation to the Environment, Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisk-Naturvitenskapelig klasse 1956, 3, Aschehoug & Co, Oslo.
23. Dahl, E. (1983), Skoggrenser og regioninndeling av arktisk-alpine områder [Forest-Limits and Regions of Arctic-Alpine Areas], Det Kongelige Norske Videnskapelige Selskap Museum Rapport Botanisk Serie 7, Trondheim.
24. Dahl, E. (1998), The Phytogeography of Northern Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Dalen, L. (2004), Dynamics of Mountain Birch Treelines in the Scandes Mountain Chain, and Effects of Climate Warming, Unpublished D.Sc. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
26. Dierschke, H. (1994), Pflanzensoziologie. Grundlagen und Methoden, E. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart.
27. DN (1998), Norwegian Red List, DN-Report 2/98, Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim.
28. DN (1999), Kartlegging av naturtyper. Verdisetting av biologisk mangfold [Mapping of Nature Types. Value Estimation of Biological Diversity], DN-Report 13/99, Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim.
29. Du Rietz, G. E. (1930), Vegetationsforschung auf soziationsanalytischer Grundlage, Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden, 11, 5, Berlin 1932.
30. Ellenberg, H., Weber, H. E, Düll, R., Wirth, V. and Werner, W. (2001), Ziegerwerte von pflanzen in Mitteleuropa (3 ed.), Scripta Geobotanica, 18: 1-262.
31. Engen-Skaugen, T. (2004), Refinement of Dynamically Downscaled Precipitation and Temperature Scenarios, Climate Report 15/04, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo.
32. Framstad, E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Hofgaard, A., Kvamme, M., Ottesen, P., Toresen, R., Wright, R., Løbersli, E. and Dalen, L. (2006), Effekter av klimaendringer på økosystemer og biologisk mangfold [Effects of Climate Change on Ecosystems and Biological Diversity], DN-Report 2/06, Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim.
33. Fremstad, E. (1997), Vegetasjonstyper i Norge [Vegetation types in Norway], Temahefte 12, Norsk Institutt for Naturforskning, Trondheim.
34. Fremstad, E. and Elven, R. (eds.) (1987), Enheter for vegetasjonskartlegging i Norge [Units for vegetation mapping in Norway], Økoforskutredning 1, Trondheim.
35. Fremstad, E. and Moen, A. (2001), Truete vegelasjonstyper i Norge [Threatened Vegetation Types in Norway], NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet Rapport Botanisk Serie 4, Trondheim.
36. Fries, T. (1913), Botanische Untersuchungen im nördlichsten Schweden, Vetenskapliga och praktiska undersökningar i Lappland, Flora och Fauna 2, Uppsala.
37. Forland, E. J. and Nordeng, T. E. (1999), Framtidig klimautvikling i Norge [Future climate development in Norway], Cicerone, 6: 21-24.
38. Gautestad, A. O., Wielgolaski, F. E. and Mysterud, I. (2005), Landscape-Scale Model Relating the Nordic Mountain Birch Forest Spatio-Temporal Dynamics to Various Anthropogenic Influences, Herbivory and Climate Change, in Wielgolaski, F. E. (ed.), Plant Ecology, Herbivory and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests, 283-300, Ecological Studies 180, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
39. Gjærevoll, O. (1956), The Plant Communities of the Scandinavian Alpine Snow-beds. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskap Skrifter 1, Oslo.
40. Guǒbergsson, G. M. (1980), Gróǒurkortagerǒ [Vegetation Mapping in Iceland], Journal of Agricultural Research in Iceland, 12 (2): 59-83.
41. Hanssen-Bauer, I., Tveito, O. E. and Førland, E. J. (2001), Økt nedbør i vinter-Norge [Increased Winter Precipitation in Norway], Cicerone, 6: 26-28.
42. Haugset, T., alfredsen, G. and Lie, M. (1996), Nøkkelbiotoper og artsmangfold i skog [Key-Habitats and Species Diversity in Forests], Siste sjanse, Naturvernforbundet i Oslo og Akershus, Oslo.
43. Hesjedal, O. (1973), Vegetasjonskartlegging [Vegetation Mapping], Landbruksbokhandelen, Ås.
44. Hesjedal, O. (1975), Large-scale Vegetation Mapping in Norway, Phytocoenologica, 2: 388-395.
45. Hofgaard, A. (1997), Inter-relationship between Treeline position, Species Diversity, Land Use and Climate Change in the Central Scandes Mountains of Norway, Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 6: 419-429.
46. Hovdhaugen, E. (1988), Busetningshistoria for Venabygd (The Settlement History of Venabygd), Hemgrenda, 12: 8-24.
47. Ihse, M. and Wastenson, L. (1975), Flygbildstolkning av fjällvegetation - en metodstudie för översiktlig kartering [Aerial Photo Interpretation of Mountain Vegetation - Methods for Survey Mapping], Statens Naturvårdsverk PM 596, Solna.
48. Iversen, T, Haugen, J. E., Sorteberg, A. and Ødegaard, V. (2003), Kombinasjon av to scenarier for 2030-2050: ekstremene nedjusteres [The Combination of Two Scenarios for 2030-2050: Reducing the Extremes], Cicerone, 5: 20-23.
49. Karlsson, P. S., Weih, M. and Borg, C. (2005), Mountain Birch Growth in Relation to Climate and Herbivores, in Wielgolaski, F. E. (ed.), Plant Ecology, Herbivory and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests, 71-86, Ecological Studies 180, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
50. Kielland-Lund, J. (1962), Skogplantesamfunn i Skrukkelia [Phytosociological Units in the Forest of Skrukkelial, Norges Landbrukshøgskole, Ås.
51. Kielland-Lund, J. (1994), Syntaxonomy of Norwegian Forest Vegetation 1993, Phytocoenologia, 24: 299-310.
52. Kullmann, L. (1990), Dynamics of Altitudinal Tree-Limits in Sweden: a Review, Norwegian Journal of Geography, 44: 103-116.
53. Körner, C. (1999), Alpine Plant Life. Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
54. Larsson, J. Y. (1974), Vegetasjonskart. Arealressurskartlegging på grunnlag av definerte vegetasjonstyper [Vegetation Map. Mapping Based on Vegetation Types], Jorddirektoratet, Ås.
55. Larsson, J. Y. (2004), Skoggrensa i Norge - indikator på endringer i klima og arealbruk? [Forest-Limit in Norway-Indicator on Changes of Climate and Outfield Ecroachment), NIJOS-Document 3/04, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
56. Larsson, J. Y. and Søgnen, S. (2003), Vegetasjonstyper i skog vekstvilkår og skogforvalining [Vegetation Types in Forest, Growth Factors and Forest Management], Landbruksforlaget, Oslo.
57. Lid, J. and Lid, D. T. (1994), Norsk Flora. 6. utgåve ved Reidar Elven [Norwegian Flora. 6 edition by Reidar Elven], Det Norske Samlaget, Oslo.
58. Lieng, E., Kastdalen, L. and Bolstad, J. P. (2006), Satellittdata til kartlegging av arealdekke [Mapping of Land Cover with Satellite Images], DN-Report 5106, Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim.
59. Lundh, N. G. (2001), Trädgränsen - mer kultiverad än sitt rykte? [The Treeline - more Human Structured than Previously Thought?], Fauna och Flora, 2: 79-89.
60. Marker, E. (1969), A Vegetation Study of Langøya, Southern Norway, Nytt Magasin for Botanikk, 16: 15-44.
61. Marker, E. (ed) (1973), IBP/CT-symposium om vegetasjonsklassifisering og vegetasjonskartlegging [IBP/CT-Symposium on Vegetation Classification and Vegetation Mapping], International Biological Programme in Norden no. 11, Oslo.
62. Moen, A. (1990), The Plant Cover of the Boreal Uplands of Central Norway. Vegetation Ecology of Sølendet Nature Reserve; Haymaking Fens and Birch Woodlands, Gunneria, 63: 1-451.
63. Moen, A. (1999), Vegetation. National Atlas of Norway, Norwegian Mapping Authority, Hønefoss.
64. Moen, A. and Jensen, J. (1979), Naturvitenskapelige interesser og verneverdier i Forravassdraget og Øvre Forradalsområdet i Nord-Trøndelag [Scientific Interests and Values in the Water System of Forra in Nord-Trøndelag], Gunneria, 33: 1-94.
65. Moen, A. and Moen, B. F. (1975), Vegetasjonskart som hjelpemiddel i arealplanleggingen på Nerskogen, Sør-Trøndelag [Vegetation Map Assisting Landscape Planning at Nerskogen, Sør-Trøndelag], Det Kongelige Norske Videnskapelige Selskap Museum Rapport Botanisk Serie 5, Trondheim.
66. Mork, E. and Heiberg, H. H. (1937), Om vegetasjonen i Hirkjølen forsøksområde [On the Vegetation in the Experimental Area of the Institute of Forest Research in the Hirkjølen State Forest], Meddelelser fra det Norske Skogforsøkvesen, 19: 617-668.
67. NIJOS (2006),
68. Norderhaug, A., Austad, I., Hauge, L. and Kvamme, M. (eds) (1999), Skjøtselsboka for kulturlandskap og gamle norske kulturmarker [Management of Traditional Cultural Landscapes in Norway], Landbruksforlaget, Oslo.
69. Nordhagen, R. (1936), Versuch einer neuen Einteilung der sub-alpinen Vegetation Norwegens, Bergens Museums, Årbok 7, Bergen.
70. Nordhagen, R. (1943), Sikkilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter. En plantesosiologisk monografi [Sikkilsdalen and Norwegian Mountain Pastures. A Phytososiological Monography], Bergens Museums Skrifter 22, Bergen.
71. NOU (Norges Offentlige Utredning) (1983), Norsk Kartplan 2, Norges Offentlige Utredning 46, Oslo.
72. Potthoff, K. (2005), Landscape Change in a Summer Farming Area. A Study of Custom, Practice and Alpine Vegetation in Stølsheimen, Western Norway, Unpublished D. Sc. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
73. Puschmann, O. (2005), Nasjonalt referansesystem for landskap. Beskrivelse av Norges 45 landskapsregioner [National Landscape Reference System. Description of 45 Landscape Regions in Norway], NIJOS-Report 8/02, Norwegian Institute of Land inventory, Ås.
74. Påhlsson, A-M. B. and Påhlsson, L. (eds.) (1984), Vegetationstyper i Norden [Vegetation Types in Norwey], Nordisk Ministerråd, Stockholm.
75. Påhlsson, L. (ed) (1994), Vegetationstyper i Norden [Vegetation Types in Norweyl, TemaNord 665, Nordiska Ministerrådet, København.
76. Rekdal, Y. and Bryn, A. (2003), Vegetasjon-skartlegging i fjellet [Vegetation Mapping in Mountain Areas], Biolog, 1: 32-27.
77. Rekdal, Y. and Larsson, J. Y. (2005), Veiledning i vegetasjonskartlegging [Guidlines for Vegetation Mapping], NIJOS-Document 5/05, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
78. Resvoll-Holmsen, H. (1918), Fra fjeldskogene i det østenfjeldske Norge [The Mountain Forests of Eastern Norway), Tidsskrift for Skogbruk, 26: 107-223.
79. Resvoll-Holmsen, H. (1920), Om fjeldvegetationen i det østenfjeldske Norge [The Mounatin Vegetation of Eastern Norway], Archiv for Mathematikk og Naturvidenskap, 37: 1-266.
80. Ricotta, C., Carranza-Maria, L., Avena, G. C. and Blasi, C. (2002), Are Potential Natural Vegetation Maps a Meaningful Alternative to Neutral Landscape Models? Applied Vegetation Science, 5: 271-275.
81. Rydin, H., Sjörs, H. and Löfroth, M. (1999), Mires, Acta Phytogeographica Suecica, 84: 91-112.
82. Sickel, H., Ihse, M., Norderhaug, A. and Sickel, M. (2003), How to Monitor Semi-Natural Key Habitats in Relation to Grazing Preferences of Cattle in Mountain Summer Farming Areas. An Aerial Photo and GPS Method Study, Landscape and Urban Planning, 67: 67-77.
83. Siedlicka, A., Nystuen, J. P., Englund, J. O., and Hossack, J. (1987), Lillehammer Berggrunnskart, M 1:250 000, Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse, Trondheim.
84. Skånes, H. (1996), Landscape change and grassland dynamics. Retrospective studies based on aerial photographs and old cadastral maps during 200 years in south Sweden, unpublished D. Sc. thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm.
85. Solheim, E. (1978), Vegetation Mapping Using Colour Infrared Air Photos, Kart og Plan, 4: 246-256.
86. Statistisk Sentralbyrå (2003), Folke- og bustadtejing 2001. Ringebu [Population Census 2001. Ringebu Municipality], Norges Offisielle Statistikk, Oslo.
87. Steindórsson, S. (1980), Flokkun gróǒ í gróǒurfélög [Vegetation Classification in Iceland], Journal of Agricultural Research in Iceland, 12 (2): 11-52.
88. Strand, G-H. (2002), Beregning av areal som kan bli tresatt ved temperaturheving [Estimation of Potential Tree-Areas after a Temperature Rise], NIJOS-Document 5/02, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
89. Tüxen, R. (1956), Die heutige potentielle natürliche Vegetationen als Gegenstand der Vegetationskarten, Angew. Pflanzensoziol. (Stolzenau), 13: 4-42.
90. Vandvik, V. (2002), Patten and Process in Norwegian Upland Grasslands: an Integrated Ecological Approach, unpublished D.Sc. thesis, University of Bergen, Bergen.
91. Ve, S. (1930), Skogtrærnes forekomst og høidegrenser i Årdal [Forest Trees and Altitudes in Årdal], Meddelelse nr 13, bind 4, hefte 3, Vestlandets Forstlige Forsøksstation, Bergen.
92. Vevle, O. (1987), Norske vegetasjonstyper [Norwegian Vegetation Types], Distriktshøgskolen i Telemark, Bø.
93. Wehberg, J., Thannheiser, D. and Meier, K-D. (2005), Vegetation of the Mountain Birch Forest in Northern Fennoscandia, Ecological Studies 180: 35-52, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
94. Wyatt, B. K. (2000), Vegetation Mapping from Ground, Air and Space - Competitive or Complementary Techniques?, in Alexander, R. and Millington, A. C. (eds.), Vegetation Mapping, 3-15, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex.
95. Økland, R. H. (1990), Vegetation Ecology: Theory, Methods and Applications with Reference to Fennoscandia, Sommerfeltia supplement 1, University of Oslo.
96. Øyen, D-I. (2002), Dynamics of Plant Communities and Populations in Boreal Vegetation Influenced by Scything at Sølendet, Central Norway, unpublished D. Sc. thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
97. Øyen, D-I. and Moen, A. (2001), Nutrient Limitation in Boreal Plant Communities and Species Influenced by Scything, Applied Vegetation Science, 4: 197-206.