Contested townscapes: The walled city as world heritage

World Archaeology

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 339-354

  Creighton, Oliver ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dissonant heritage; UNESCO World Heritage Site; Walled town

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; CULTURAL HERITAGE; HERITAGE CONSERVATION; UNESCO; WORLD HERITAGE SITE;

AFRICA; ASIA; EURASIA; EUROPE; MIDDLE EAST; NORTH AFRICA;

EID: 34548583611     PISSN: 00438243     EISSN: 14701375     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00438240701464822     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. El-Haj, N. L. Abu (1998) Translating truths: Nationalism, the practice of archaeology, and the remaking of past and present in contemporary Jerusalem. American Ethnologist, 25:2, pp. 166-188.
2. El-Haj, N. L. Abu (2002) Facts on the Ground: Archaeological Practice and Territorial Self-Fashioning in Israeli Society, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
3. Akbar, J. (1988) Crisis in the Built Environment: The Case of the Muslim City, Routledge, London
4. Alberti, L. B. (1986) Ten Books on Architecture, Translated into English by James Leoni, Dover, New York
5. Al-sallal, K. A. (2004) Sana'a: Transformation of the Old City and the impacts of the modern era. Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope in a Globalizing World, pp. 85-113. Routledge, London
6. e siècle, Éditions du Patrimoine, Paris
7. Asali, K. J. (1997) Jerusalem under the Ottomans, 1516-1831. Jerusalem in History: 3000BC to the Present Day, pp. 200-227. Kegan Paul, London
8. Ashworth, G. J. (1997) Jewish culture and holocaust tourism. Culture and Tourism, Centre for Tourism Studies, Newcastle
9. Ashworth, G. J. (2002) Holocaust tourism: The experience of Kraków-Kazimierz. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 11:4, pp. 363-367.
10. Ashworth, G. J. and Howard, P. (1999) European Heritage Planning and Management, Intellect, Exeter
11. Ashworth, G. J. and Tunbridge, J. E. (1990) The Tourist-Historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City, Belhaven, London
12. Austin, D. (1997) Devolution, castles and Welsh identity. British Archaeology, 29
13. Baker, F. (1993) The Berlin Wall: Production, preservation and consumption of a 20th-century monument. Antiquity, 67, pp. 709-733.
14. Bloom, J. M. (2000) Walled cities in Islamic North Africa and Egypt with particular reference to the Fatamids (909-1171). City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective, pp. 219-246. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
15. Boas, A. J. (1999) Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East, Routledge, London
16. Bowden, W., Hodges, R. and Lako, K. (2004) Byzantine Butrint: Excavations and Surveys 1994-1999, Oxbow Books, Oxford
17. Bruce, D. and Creighton, O. H. (2006) Contested identities: The dissonant heritage of European town walls and walled towns. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12:3, pp. 234-254.
18. Cernea, M. M. (2001) Cultural Heritage and Development: A Framework for Action in the Middle East and North Africa, World Bank, Washington, DC
19. Chang, J. and Halliday, J. (2005) Mao: The Unknown Story, Cape, London
20. Creighton, O. H. and Higham, R. A. (2005) Town Walls: A Social History and Archaeology of Urban Defence, Tempus, Stroud
21. Dumper, M. R. T. (2002) The Politics of Sacred Space: The Old City of Jerusalem in the Middle East Conflict, Lynne Rienner, London
22. Evans, G. (2002) Living in a world heritage city: Stakeholders in the dialectic of the universal and particular. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 8:2, pp. 117-135.
23. Graham, B. (2002) Heritage as knowledge: Capital or culture. Urban Studies, 39, pp. 1003-1017.
24. Grodach, C. (2002) Reconstituting identity and history in post-war Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina. City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 6:1, pp. 61-82.
25. Hopkinson, M. F. (2000) Living in defended spaces: Past structures and present landscapes. Landscapes, 1:2, pp. 53-77.
26. ICOMOS (1980) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 22, The Old City of Bosra, UNESCO, Paris
27. ICOMOS (1981) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 192, The Old Walled City of Shibam, Paris: UNESCO
28. ICOMOS (1985) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 348 Rev., City of Ávila with its Extra Muros Churches, Paris: UNESCO
29. ICOMOS (1985) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 385, Old City of Sana'a, Arab Republic of Yemen, UNESCO, Paris
30. ICOMOS (1986) The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, UNESCO, Paris
31. ICOMOS (1989) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 564, The Old Town of Zamosc, UNESCO, Paris
32. ICOMOS (1990) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 91bis, Rome, UNESCO, Paris
33. ICOMOS (1994) The Nara Document on Authenticity, UNESCO, Paris
34. ICOMOS (1996) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 345 rev., Carcassonne, France, UNESCO, Paris
35. ICOMOS (2000) World Heritage Evaluation Report Number 973, Bardejov, Slovakia, UNESCO, Paris
36. Jokilehto, J. (2006) Considerations on authenticity and integrity in World Heritage context. City and Time, 2:1, pp. 1-16.
37. Kelly, W. (2001) The Sieges of Derry, Four Courts Press, Dublin
38. Klein, M. (2001) The Contested City, Hurst, London
39. Larkham, P. J. (1994) A new heritage for a new Europe. Building a New Heritage: Tourism, Culture, and Identity in the New Europe, pp. 260-273. Routledge, London
40. Lassner, G. (2000) The Middle East Remembered: Forged Identities, Competing Narratives, Contested Spaces, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI
41. Lewcock, R. (1986) The Old Walled City of Sana'a, UNESCO, Paris
42. Chriost, D. MacGiolla (1996) Northern Ireland: Culture clash and archaeology. Nationalism and Archaeology, pp. 128-134. Cruithne Press, Glasgow
43. (2000) The Town Walls in the Middle Ages: Les Enceintes urbaines au moyen age, Europa Nostra IBI Bulletin No. 53, The Hague
44. Pringle, D. (1995) Town defences in the Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem. Fortification and Settlement in Crusader Palestine, pp. 69-121. Ashgate Variorum, London
45. Ratté, F. (1999) Architectural invitations: Images of city gates in medieval Italian painting. Gesta, 38:2, pp. 142-153.
46. Rghei, A. S. and Nelson, J. G. (1994) The conservation and use of the walled city of Tripoli. The Geographical Journal, 160, pp. 143-158.
47. Rowney, B. (2004) Charters and the ethics of conservation: A cross-cultural perspective. University of Adelaide
48. Steinhardt, N. Shatzman (2000) Representations of Chinese walled cities in the pictorial and graphical arts. City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective, pp. 419-460. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
49. Silberman, N. (2005) Jewish and Muslim heritage in Europe: The role of archaeology in defending cultural diversity. Museum International, 57:3, pp. 95-100.
50. (2001) The Walled Arab City in Literature, Architecture and History: The City Medina in the Magrhib, Frank Cass, London and Portland, OR
51. Stern, E. (2000) The center of the Hospitaller order in Akko. Qadmoniot, 119, pp. 4-12.
52. Taylor, A. J. (1995) The town and castle of Conwy: Preservation and interpretation. Antiquaries Journal, 75, pp. 339-363.
53. Taylor, K. and Altenburg, K. (2006) Cultural landscapes in Asia-Pacific: potential for filling world heritage gaps. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12:3, pp. 267-282.
54. (2000) City Walls: The Urban Enceinte in Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
55. Tunbridge, J. E. and Ashworth, G. (1996) Dissonant Heritage: Managing the Past as a Resource in Conflict, Wiley, Chichester
56. UNESCO (1981) Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee First Extraordinary Session, Paris, 10 and 11 September 1981, UNESCO, Paris
57. UNESCO (2005) Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, UNESCO, Paris
58. van der, B. (2005) Preserving the heritage of humanity? Obtaining world heritage status and the impacts of listing. University of Gronigen