Effects of the Earth's rotation and bottom slope on a density current descending a sloping bottom

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 111, Issue 11, 2006, Pages

  Tanaka, Kiyoshi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORIOLIS FORCE; HYDRODYNAMICS; OCEAN CURRENTS; OCEANOGRAPHY; ROTATION;

BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; DENSE WATER; DENSITY CURRENT; EARTH ROTATION; EDDY; EKMAN LAYER; REYNOLDS NUMBER; VOLUME TRANSPORT;

EID: 34548575643     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JC003677     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aagaard, K., and E. C. Carmack (1994), The Arctic Ocean and climate: A perspective, in The Pollar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 85, edited by O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench, and J. E. Overland, pp. 5-20, AGU, Washington, D.C.
2. Aiki, H., and T. Yamagata (2004), A numerical study on the successive formation of Meddy-like lenses, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C06020, doi:10.1029/2003JC001952.
3. Akitomo, K. (1999), Open-ocean deop convection due to thermobaricity: 2. Numerical experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5235-5249.
4. Akitomo, K., K. Tanaka, K. Yamazaki, and T. Awaji (1998), Effects of sea surface drag and stratification on spreading profess of dense water along continental slope, paper presented at International Workshop on Exchange Processes Between the Arctic Shelves and Basins, Jpn. Agency for Mar.-Earth Sci, and Technol., Yokohama, Japan.
5. Arikawa, A. (1996), Computational design for long-term numerical integration of the equations of fluid motion: Two-dimensional incompressible flow: Part I, J. Comput. Phys., 1, 119-143.
6. Baines, P. G., and S. Condie (1998), Observations and modeling of Antarctic downslope flows: A review, in Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, Antarct. Res. Ser., vol. 75, edited by S. S. Jacobs and R. F. Weiss, pp. 29-49, AGU, Washington, D. C.
7. Baringer, M.,O., and J. F. Price (1997), Momentum and energy balance of the Mediterranean outflow, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1678-1692.
8. Bower, A. S., H. D. Hunt and J. Price (2000), Character and Dynamics of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf Outflows, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6387-6414.
9. Cenedese, C., J. A. Whitehead, T. A. Ascarelli, and M. Ohiwa (2004), A dense current flowing down a sloping bottom in a rotating fluid, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 188-203.
10. Chapman, D. C., and G. Gawarkiewicz (1995), Offshore transport of dense shelf water in the presence of a submarine canyon, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,373-13,387.
11. Chapman, D. C., and G. Gawarkiewicz (1997), Shallow convection and buoyancy equilibration in an idealized coastal polynya, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 555-566.
12. Condie, S. A. (1995), Descent of dense water masses along continental slopes, J. Mar. Res., 53, 897-928.
13. Dickson, R. R., E. M. Gmitrowicz, and A. J. Watson (1990), Deep water renewal in the northern North Atlantic, Nature, 344, 848-850.
14. Etling, D., F. Gelhardt, U. Schrader, F. Brennecke, G. Kühn, G. Chabert d'Hieres, and H. Didelle (2000), Experiments with density currents on a sloping bottom in a rotating fluid, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 31, 139-164.
15. Ezer, T., and G. L. Weatherly (1996), A numerical study of the interaction between a deep cold jet and the bottom boundary layer of the ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 20, 801-816.
16. Fahrbach, E., G. Rohardt, N. Scheele, M. Schroder, V. Strass, and A. Wisotzki (1995), Formation, and discharge of deep and bottom water in the northwestern Weddell Sea, J. Mar. Res., 53, 515-538.
17. Foldvik, A., T. Gammelsrød, and T. Tørresen (1985), Circulation and water masses on the southern Weddell Sea shelf, in Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf, Antarct. Res. Ser., vol. 43, edited by S. S. Jacobs, pp. 5-20, AGU, Washington, D. C.
18. Foldvik, A., T. Gammelsrød, S. Østerhus, E. Fahrbach, G. Rohardt, M. Schröder, K. W. Nicholls, L. Padman, and R. A. Woodgate (2004), Ice shelf water overflow and bottom water formation in the southern Weddell Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C02015, doi:10.1029 /2003JC002008.
19. Foster, T. D., and E. C. Carmack (1976), Frontal zone mixing and Antarctic Bottom Water formation in the southern Weddell Sea, Deep Sea Res., 23, 301-317.
20. Fukamachi, Y, G. Mizuta, K. I. Oshima, L. D. Talley, S. C. Riser, and M. Wakatsuchi (2004), Transport and modification processes of dense shelf water revealed by long-term mooring data off the east coast of Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C09S10, doi:10.1029/ 2003JC001906.
21. Gawarkiewicz, G. (2000), Effects of ambient stratification and shelfbreak topography on offshore transport of dense water on continental shelves, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3307-3324.
22. Gawarkiewicz, G., and D. C. Chapman (1995), A numerical study of dense water formation and transport on a shallow, sloping continental shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4489-4507.
23. Gordon, A. L. (1998), Western Weddell Sea thermohaline stratification, in Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, Antarctic Res. Ser., 75, edited by S. S. Jacobs and R. F. Weiss, pp. 215-240, AGU, Washington, D. C.
24. Gordon, A. L., B. A. Huber, H. H. Hellmer, and A. Ffield (1993), Deep and bottom water of the Weddell Sea's western rim, Science, 262, 95-97.
25. Gordon, A. L., E. Zambianchi, A. Orsi, M. Visbeck, C. F. Giulivi, T. Whitworth III, and G. Spezie (2004), Energetic plumes over the western Ross Sea continental slope, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21302, doi:10.1029/2004GL020785.
26. Green, J. S. A. (1970), Transfer properties of large scale eddies and the general circulation of the atmospher, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 157-185.
27. Ivanov, V. V., G. I. Shapiro, J. M. Huthnance, D. L. Aleynik, and P. N. Golovin (2004), Cascades of dense water around the world ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 60, 47-98.
28. Jiang, L., and R. W. Garwood Jr. (1995), A numerical study of three-dimensional dense bottom plumes on a Southern Ocean continental slope, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,471-18,488.
29. Kikuchi, T., M. Wakatsuchi, and M. Ikeda (1999), A numerical investigation of the transport process of dense shelf water from a continental shelf to a slope, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1197-1210.
30. Killworth, P. D. (1983), Deep convection in the World Ocean, Rev. Geophys., 21, 1-26.
31. Lane-Serff, G. F., and P. G. Baines (1998), Eddy formation by dense flows on slopes in a rotating fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 363, 229-253.
32. Muench, R. D., and A. L. Gordon (1995), Circulation and transport of water along the western Weddell Sea margin, J. Geophys. Res.,. 100, 18,503-18,515.
33. Nagata, Y., R. Kimura, H. Honji, Y. Yamazaki, K. Kawaguchi, and T. Hosoyamada (1993), Laboratory experiments of dense water descending on continental slope, in Deep Ocean Circulation, Physical and Chemical Aspects, edited by T. Teramoto, pp. 333-350, Elsevier, New York.
34. Orlanski, I. (1969), The influence of bottom topography on the stability of jets in a baroclinic fluid, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1216-1232.
35. Pedlosky, J. (1987), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd ed., 710pp., Springer, New York.
36. Price, J, F., M. O. Baringer, R. G. Lueck, G. C. Johnson, I. Ambar, G. Parrilla, A. Cantos, M. A. Kennelly, and T. B. Sanford (1993), Mediterranean outflow mixing and dynamics, Science, 259, 1277-1282.
37. Qiu, B., N. Imasato, and T. Awaji (1988), Baroclinic instability of buoyancy-driven coastal density currents, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 5037-5050.
38. Reszka, M. K., and G. E. Swaters (1999), Eddy formation and interaction in a baroclinic frontal geostrophic model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 3025-3042.
39. Reszka, M. K., G. E. Swaters, and B. R. Sutherland (2002), Instability of abyssal currents in a continuously stratified ocean with bottom topography, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3528-3550.
40. Sakamoto, K., and K. Akitomo (2006), Instabilities of the tidally-induced bottom boundary layer in the rotating frame and their mixing effect, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 41, 191-211.
41. Shapiro, G. I., and A. G. Zatsepin (1997), Gravity current down a steeply inclined slope in a rotating fluid, Ann. Geophys., 15, 366-374.
42. Spall, M. A., and J. F. Price (1998), Mesoscale variability in Denmark Strait: The PV outflow hypothesis, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1598-1623.
43. Sutherland, B. R., J. Nault, K. Yewchuk, and G. E. Swaters (2004), Rotating dense currents on a slope: Part 1. Stability, J. Fluid Mech., 508, 241-264.
44. Swaters, G. E. (1991), On the baroclinic instability of cold-core coupled density fronts on a sloping continental shelf, J. Fluid Mech., 224, 361-382.
45. Tanaka, K., and K. Akitomo (2000), Density current descending along continental slope and the associated deep water formation: Two-dimensional numerical experiments with a nonhydrostatic model, J. Oceanogr., 56, 117-130.
46. Tanaka, K., and K. Akitomo (2001), Baroclinic instability of density current along a sloping bottom and the associated transport process, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2621-2638.
47. Thorpe, S. A., P. Hall, and M. White (1990), The variability of mixing at the continental slope, Philos. Trans. R. Soc., Ser. A, 331, 183-194.
48. Wang, J., M. Ikeda, F. Saucier, and Z. Zhang (2003), A theoretical, two-layer, reduced-gravity model for descending dense water flow on continental slopes, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3161, doi:10.1029/ 2000JC000517.
49. Whitehead, J. A. (1993), A laboratory model of cooling over the continental shelf, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2412-2427.