Seasonal variation of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) in coastal Antarctica measured with a new instrument for the detection of sub-part per trillion mixing ratios of PAN

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 7, Issue 17, 2007, Pages 4589-4599

  Mills, G P ^a   Sturges, W T ^a   Salmon, R A ^b   Bauguitte, S J B ^b   Read, K A ^c   Bandy, B J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^b BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COASTAL ZONE; INSTRUMENTATION; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MIXING RATIO; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; SEASONAL VARIATION;

ANTARCTICA;

EID: 34548536554     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-4589-2007     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J.: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Part 1 - gas phase reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx and SOx species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1461-1738, 2004
2. Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume n - gas phase reactions of organic species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3625-4055, 2006
3. Barker, J. R., Benson, S. W., Mendenhall, G. D., and Goldern, D. M.: Measurement of rate constants of importance in smog, Rep. PB-274530, Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv., Springfield, Va., 1977.
4. Beine, H. J. and Krognes, T.: The seasonal cycle of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the European Arctic, Atmos. Environ., 34, 933-940, 2000.
5. 2 radicals in coastal Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4171-4185, 2007
6. Bottenheim, J. W. and Gallant, A. J.: PAN over the Arctic; Observations during AGASP-2 in april 1986, J. Atmos. Chem., 9, 301-316, 1989
7. 2 + M between 248 and 393 K and between 30 and 760 Torr, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 3594, 1991.
8. Brough, N., Reeves, C. E., Penkett, S. A., Dewey, K., Kent, J., Barjat, H., Monks, P. S., Ziereis, H., Stock, P., Huntrieser, H., and Schlager, H.: Intercomparison of aircraft instruments on board the C-130 and Falcon 20 over southern Germany during EXPORT 2000, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2127-2138, 2003, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/2127/2003/.
9. 2 in the chemistry of the troposphere and the stratosphere, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 7, 443-472, 1979.
10. Dassau, T. M., Shepson, P. B., Bottenheim, J. W., and Ford, K. M.: Peroxyacetyl nitrate photochemistry and interactions with the arctic surface, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18302, doi:10.1029/2004JD004562, 2004.
11. Flocke, F. M., Weinheimer, A. J., Swanson, A. L., Roberts, J. M., Schmitt, R., and Shertz, S.: On the measurement of PANs by Gas Chromatography and Electron Capture Detection., J. Arm. Chem 52, 19-43, 2005.
12. Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., Cunningham, M. M., and Doskey, P. V.: Measurements of peroxyacyl nitrates (PANS) in Mexico City: Implications for megacity air quality impacts on regional scales, Atmos. Environ., 33(30), 5003-5012, 1999.
13. Gallagher, M. S., Carsey, T. P., and Farmer, M. L.: Peroxyacetyl nitrate in the North Atlantic marine boundary layer, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 4(3), 297-308, 1990.
14. Hudman, R. C., Jacob, D. J., Cooper, O. R., Evans, M. J., Heald, C. L., Park, R. J., Fehsenfeld, F., Flocke, F., Holloway, J., Hubler, G., Kita, K., Koike, M., Kondo, Y., Neuman, A., Nowak, J., Oltmans, S., Parrish, D., Roberts, J. M., and Ryerson, T.: Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California, J. Geophys. Res., 109(23), 1-14, 2004.
15. Jacobi, H.-W. and Schrems, O.: Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) distribution over the South Atlantic ocean., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1, 5517-5521, 1999.
16. Jacobi, H.-W., Weller, R., Jones, A. E., Anderson, P. S., and Schrems, O.: Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99), Atmos. Environ., 34, 5235-5247, 2000.
17. Jones, A. E., Weller, R., Minikin, A., Wolff, E. W., Sturges, W. T., McIntyre, H. P., Leonard, S. R., Schrems, O., and Bauguitte, S.: Oxidized nitrogen chemistry and speciation in the Antarctic troposphere, J. Geophys. Res. D: Atmos., 104(D17), 21 355-21 366, 1999.
18. King, J. C.: Low-level wind profiles at an Antarctic coastal, station, Antarctic Science, 1(2), 169-178, 1985.
19. Kotchenruther, R. A., Jaffe, D. A., Beine, H. J., Anderson, T. L., Bottenheim, J. W., Harris, J. M., Blake, D. R., and Schmitt, R.: Observations of ozone and related species in the northeast Pacific during the PHOBEA campaigns, 2, Airborne observations, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D17), 20507-20508, 2001.
20. Leighton, P. A.: Photochemistry of Air Pollution, Elsevier, New York, 1961.
21. Madronich, S. and Flocke,S.: The role of solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry, in: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, edited by: Boule, P., Springer_Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 1-26, 1988.
22. 2 in the temperature range 253-368 K, Chem. Phys. Lett., 160, 443, 1989.
23. Muller, K. P. and Rudolph, J.: Measurements of peroxyacetylnitrate in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic, J. Atmos. Chem., 15, 361-367, 1992.
24. Rappengluck, B., Oyola, P., Olaeta, I., and Fabian, P.: The evolution of photochemical smog in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39(3), 275-290, 2000.
25. Read, K. A., Lewis, A. C., Salmon, R. A., Jones, A. E., and Bauguitte, S.: OH and halogen atom influence on the variability of nonmethane hydrocarbons in the Antarctic Boundary Layer, Tellus, 59B, 22-38. 2007.
26. Renfrew, I. A. and Anderson, P. S.: The surface climatology of an ordinary katabatic wind regime in Coats Land, Antarctica, Tellus, Ser. A: Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanogr., 54(5), 463-484, 2002.
27. Ridley, B. A., Shetter, J. D., Walega, J. G., Madronich, S., Elsworth, C. M., Grahek, F. E., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Norton, R. B., Parrish, D. D., Huebler, G., Buhr, M., Williams, E. J., Allwine, E. J., and Westberg, H. H.: The behavior of some organic nitrates at Boulder and Niwot Ridge, Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13 949-13 961, 1990.
28. Roberts, J. M.: Atmospheric chemistry of organic nitrates, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 243-287, 1990.
29. Roberts, J. M. and Bertman, S. B.: The thermal decomposition of peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) and peroxymetacrylic nitric anhydride (MPAN), Int. J. Chem. Kinet, 24, 297-307, 1992.
30. Roberts, J. M., Jobson, B. T., Kuster, W., Goldan, P., Murphy, P., Williams, E., Frost, G., Riemer, D., Apel, E., Stroud, C., Wiedinmyer, C., and Fehsenfeld, F.: An examination of the chemistry of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides and related volatile organic compounds during Texas Air Quality Study 2000 using groundbased measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108(16), ACH 4-1-ACH 4-12, 2003.
31. Roberts, J. M., Flocke, F., Chen, G., de Gouw, J., Holloway, J. S., Hubler, G., Neuman, J. A., Nicks, D. K., Nowak, J. B., Parrish, D. D., Ryerson, T. B, Sueper, D. T., Warneke, C., Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Measurement of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the ITCT 2K2 aircraft intensive experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S21, doi:10.1029/2004JD004960, 2004
32. Rudolph, J., Vierkorn-Rudplph, B., and Meixner, F. X.: Large-scale distribution of peroxyacety lnitrate results from the STRATOZ III flights, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6653-6661, 1987.
33. Staudt, A. C., Jacob, D. J., Ravetta, F., Logan, J. A., Bachiochi, D., Sandholm, S., Ridley, B., Singh, H. B., and Talbot, B.: Sources and chemistry of nitrogen oxides over the tropical Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 108(2),PEM 11-1-PEM 11-17, 2003.
34. Singh, H. B. and Hanst, P. L.: Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the unpolluted atmosphere: an important reservoir for nitrogen oxides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 941-944., 1981.
35. Sivakumaran, V and Crowley, J. N.: Reaction between OH and CH3CHO Part 2. Temperature dependent rate coefficients (201-348K), Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 106-111, 2003
36. Talukdar, R. K., Burkholder, J. B., Schmoltner, A.-M., Roberts, J. M., Wilson, R. R., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Investigation of the loss processes for peroxyacetyl nitrate in the atmosphere:UV photolysis and reaction with OH, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D7), 14163-14173, 1995.
37. Warneck, P. and Zerbach, T.: Synthesis of peroxyacetyl nitrate in air by acetone photolysis, Environ. Sei. Technol. 26, 74-79, 1992.
38. 2+ NO reaction using chemical ionisation mass spectrometry, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 13 624-13 628, 1996.