메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 197, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 236.e1-236.e11

The intrapartum deceleration in center stage: a physiologic approach to the interpretation of fetal heart rate changes in labor

Author keywords

fetal heart rate monitoring; fetal sheep; variable deceleration

Indexed keywords

ACIDOSIS; ADAPTATION; ARTICLE; DECELERATION; FETUS; FETUS HEART RATE; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; HYPOXIA; INTRAPARTUM CARE; LABOR; NERVE INJURY; NOMENCLATURE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERFUSION; PERINATAL ASPHYXIA; PLACENTA; PLACENTA CIRCULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 34548507757     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.063     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (94)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 0028883281 scopus 로고
    • Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: a meta-analysis
    • Vintzileos A.M., Nochimson D.J., Guzman E.R., Knuppel R.A., Lake M., and Schifrin B.S. Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 85 (1995) 149-155
    • (1995) Obstet Gynecol , vol.85 , pp. 149-155
    • Vintzileos, A.M.1    Nochimson, D.J.2    Guzman, E.R.3    Knuppel, R.A.4    Lake, M.5    Schifrin, B.S.6
  • 2
    • 0030070405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertain value of electronic fetal monitoring in predicting cerebral palsy
    • Nelson K.B., Dambrosia J.M., Ting T.Y., and Grether J.K. Uncertain value of electronic fetal monitoring in predicting cerebral palsy. N Engl J Med 334 (1996) 613-618
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 613-618
    • Nelson, K.B.1    Dambrosia, J.M.2    Ting, T.Y.3    Grether, J.K.4
  • 3
    • 0032777814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy with fetal acidaemia at term
    • Westgate J.A., Gunn A.J., and Gunn T.R. Antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy with fetal acidaemia at term. BJOG 106 (1999) 774-782
    • (1999) BJOG , vol.106 , pp. 774-782
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Gunn, A.J.2    Gunn, T.R.3
  • 4
    • 20544452497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal antecedents of moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in term infants: a regional review
    • West C.R., Curr L., Battin M.R., et al. Antenatal antecedents of moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in term infants: a regional review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 45 (2005) 207-210
    • (2005) Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.45 , pp. 207-210
    • West, C.R.1    Curr, L.2    Battin, M.R.3
  • 5
    • 0031474793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: research guidelines for interpretation
    • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Research Planning Workshop
    • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Research Planning Workshop. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: research guidelines for interpretation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177 (1997) 1385-1390
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.177 , pp. 1385-1390
  • 6
    • 0014150499 scopus 로고
    • The classification of fetal heart rate: II, a revised working classification
    • Hon E., and Quilligan E.J. The classification of fetal heart rate: II, a revised working classification. Conn Med 31 (1967) 779-784
    • (1967) Conn Med , vol.31 , pp. 779-784
    • Hon, E.1    Quilligan, E.J.2
  • 8
    • 0742269644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unselected low-risk pregnancies and the effect of continuous intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring on umbilical blood gases and cerebral palsy
    • Sameshima H., Ikenoue T., Ikeda T., Kamitomo M., and Ibara S. Unselected low-risk pregnancies and the effect of continuous intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring on umbilical blood gases and cerebral palsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190 (2004) 118-123
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , pp. 118-123
    • Sameshima, H.1    Ikenoue, T.2    Ikeda, T.3    Kamitomo, M.4    Ibara, S.5
  • 9
    • 0014678438 scopus 로고
    • Observations on heart rate and pH in the human fetus during labor
    • Kubli F.W., Hon E.H., Khazin A.F., and Takemura H. Observations on heart rate and pH in the human fetus during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 104 (1969) 1190-1206
    • (1969) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.104 , pp. 1190-1206
    • Kubli, F.W.1    Hon, E.H.2    Khazin, A.F.3    Takemura, H.4
  • 10
    • 0026721155 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring
    • Westgate J.A., Harris M., Curnow J.S., and Greene K.R. Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring. Lancet 340 (1992) 194-198
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 194-198
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Harris, M.2    Curnow, J.S.3    Greene, K.R.4
  • 11
    • 0030638412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate changes do not reflect cardiovascular deterioration during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal lambs
    • de Haan H.H., Gunn A.J., and Gluckman P.D. Fetal heart rate changes do not reflect cardiovascular deterioration during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 (1997) 8-17
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 8-17
    • de Haan, H.H.1    Gunn, A.J.2    Gluckman, P.D.3
  • 12
    • 0031031765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions cause sustained cytotoxic cerebral edema and focal infarcts in near-term fetal lambs
    • de Haan H.H., Gunn A.J., Williams C.E., and Gluckman P.D. Brief repeated umbilical cord occlusions cause sustained cytotoxic cerebral edema and focal infarcts in near-term fetal lambs. Pediatr Res 41 (1997) 96-104
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.41 , pp. 96-104
    • de Haan, H.H.1    Gunn, A.J.2    Williams, C.E.3    Gluckman, P.D.4
  • 13
    • 25844452027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous hypoxia in multiple pregnancy is associated with early fetal decompensation and greater T wave elevation during brief repeated cord occlusion in near-term fetal sheep
    • Westgate J., Wassink G., Bennet L., and Gunn A.J. Spontaneous hypoxia in multiple pregnancy is associated with early fetal decompensation and greater T wave elevation during brief repeated cord occlusion in near-term fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193 (2005) 1526-1533
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.193 , pp. 1526-1533
    • Westgate, J.1    Wassink, G.2    Bennet, L.3    Gunn, A.J.4
  • 14
    • 0029143532 scopus 로고
    • A multicentre comparative study of 17 experts and an intelligent computer system for managing labour using the cardiotocogram
    • Keith R.D., Beckley S., Garibaldi J.M., Westgate J.A., Ifeachor E.C., and Greene K.R. A multicentre comparative study of 17 experts and an intelligent computer system for managing labour using the cardiotocogram. BJOG 102 (1995) 688-700
    • (1995) BJOG , vol.102 , pp. 688-700
    • Keith, R.D.1    Beckley, S.2    Garibaldi, J.M.3    Westgate, J.A.4    Ifeachor, E.C.5    Greene, K.R.6
  • 15
    • 33745061992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal acidemia and electronic fetal heart rate patterns: is there evidence of an association?
    • Parer J.T., King T., Flanders S., Fox M., and Kilpatrick S.J. Fetal acidemia and electronic fetal heart rate patterns: is there evidence of an association?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 19 (2006) 289-294
    • (2006) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.19 , pp. 289-294
    • Parer, J.T.1    King, T.2    Flanders, S.3    Fox, M.4    Kilpatrick, S.J.5
  • 16
    • 33644992782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does training in obstetric emergencies improve neonatal outcome?
    • Draycott T., Sibanda T., Owen L., et al. Does training in obstetric emergencies improve neonatal outcome?. BJOG 113 (2006) 177-182
    • (2006) BJOG , vol.113 , pp. 177-182
    • Draycott, T.1    Sibanda, T.2    Owen, L.3
  • 18
    • 0023600085 scopus 로고
    • Uterine artery blood velocities during contractions in pregnancy and labour related to intrauterine pressure
    • Janbu T., and Nesheim B.I. Uterine artery blood velocities during contractions in pregnancy and labour related to intrauterine pressure. BJOG 94 (1987) 1150-1155
    • (1987) BJOG , vol.94 , pp. 1150-1155
    • Janbu, T.1    Nesheim, B.I.2
  • 19
    • 0026482005 scopus 로고
    • Uteroplacental Doppler velocimetry during Braxton Hicks' contractions
    • Oosterhof H., Dijkstra K., and Aarnoudse J.G. Uteroplacental Doppler velocimetry during Braxton Hicks' contractions. Gynecol Obstet Invest 34 (1992) 155-158
    • (1992) Gynecol Obstet Invest , vol.34 , pp. 155-158
    • Oosterhof, H.1    Dijkstra, K.2    Aarnoudse, J.G.3
  • 20
    • 0031879051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doppler ultrasound evaluation of ductus venosus blood flow during acute hypoxemia in fetal lambs
    • Tchirikov M., Eisermann K., Rybakowski C., and Schroder H.J. Doppler ultrasound evaluation of ductus venosus blood flow during acute hypoxemia in fetal lambs. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 11 (1998) 426-431
    • (1998) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.11 , pp. 426-431
    • Tchirikov, M.1    Eisermann, K.2    Rybakowski, C.3    Schroder, H.J.4
  • 21
    • 0027263414 scopus 로고
    • Experimentally induced changes in heart rate alter umbilicoplacental hemodynamics in fetal sheep
    • Morrow R.J., Bull S.B., and Adamson S.L. Experimentally induced changes in heart rate alter umbilicoplacental hemodynamics in fetal sheep. Ultrasound Med Biol 19 (1993) 309-318
    • (1993) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.19 , pp. 309-318
    • Morrow, R.J.1    Bull, S.B.2    Adamson, S.L.3
  • 22
    • 0028991316 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the fetal PO2 changes by cerebral and umbilical Doppler on lamb fetuses during acute hypoxia
    • Arbeille P., Maulik D., Fignon A., et al. Assessment of the fetal PO2 changes by cerebral and umbilical Doppler on lamb fetuses during acute hypoxia. Ultrasound Med Biol 21 (1995) 861-870
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.21 , pp. 861-870
    • Arbeille, P.1    Maulik, D.2    Fignon, A.3
  • 23
    • 0141851110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute increase of umbilical artery vascular flow resistance in compromised fetuses provoked by uterine contractions
    • Li H., Gudmundsson S., and Olofsson P. Acute increase of umbilical artery vascular flow resistance in compromised fetuses provoked by uterine contractions. Early Hum Dev 74 (2003) 47-56
    • (2003) Early Hum Dev , vol.74 , pp. 47-56
    • Li, H.1    Gudmundsson, S.2    Olofsson, P.3
  • 24
    • 0015993433 scopus 로고
    • Fetal and neonatal acid-base balance in normal and high-risk pregnancies: during labor and the first hour of life
    • Modanlou H., Yeh S.Y., and Hon E.H. Fetal and neonatal acid-base balance in normal and high-risk pregnancies: during labor and the first hour of life. Obstet Gynecol 43 (1974) 347-353
    • (1974) Obstet Gynecol , vol.43 , pp. 347-353
    • Modanlou, H.1    Yeh, S.Y.2    Hon, E.H.3
  • 25
    • 0017565259 scopus 로고
    • Continuous transcutaneous monitoring of fetal oxygen tension during labour
    • Huch A., Huch R., Schneider H., and Rooth G. Continuous transcutaneous monitoring of fetal oxygen tension during labour. BJOG 84 (1977) 1-39
    • (1977) BJOG , vol.84 , pp. 1-39
    • Huch, A.1    Huch, R.2    Schneider, H.3    Rooth, G.4
  • 26
    • 33747883774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological development of a mixed metabolic and respiratory umbilical cord blood acidemia with advancing gestational age
    • Wiberg N., Kallen K., and Olofsson P. Physiological development of a mixed metabolic and respiratory umbilical cord blood acidemia with advancing gestational age. Early Hum Dev 82 (2006) 583-589
    • (2006) Early Hum Dev , vol.82 , pp. 583-589
    • Wiberg, N.1    Kallen, K.2    Olofsson, P.3
  • 27
    • 0028225539 scopus 로고
    • Relation between frequency of uterine contractions and human fetal cerebral oxygen saturation studied during labour by near infrared spectroscopy
    • Peebles D.M., Spencer J.A., Edwards A.D., et al. Relation between frequency of uterine contractions and human fetal cerebral oxygen saturation studied during labour by near infrared spectroscopy. BJOG 101 (1994) 44-48
    • (1994) BJOG , vol.101 , pp. 44-48
    • Peebles, D.M.1    Spencer, J.A.2    Edwards, A.D.3
  • 28
    • 33751240853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Base deficit estimation in umbilical cord blood is influenced by gestational age, choice of fetal fluid compartment, and algorithm for calculation
    • Wiberg N., Kallen K., and Olofsson P. Base deficit estimation in umbilical cord blood is influenced by gestational age, choice of fetal fluid compartment, and algorithm for calculation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 195 (2006) 1651-1656
    • (2006) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.195 , pp. 1651-1656
    • Wiberg, N.1    Kallen, K.2    Olofsson, P.3
  • 29
    • 0031443993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn complications
    • Low J.A., Lindsay B.G., and Derrick E.J. Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 177 (1997) 1391-1394
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.177 , pp. 1391-1394
    • Low, J.A.1    Lindsay, B.G.2    Derrick, E.J.3
  • 31
    • 0020523219 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate and blood pressure responses to umbilical cord compression in fetal lambs with special reference to the mechanism of variable deceleration
    • Itskovitz J., LaGamma E.F., and Rudolph A.M. Heart rate and blood pressure responses to umbilical cord compression in fetal lambs with special reference to the mechanism of variable deceleration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 147 (1983) 451-457
    • (1983) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.147 , pp. 451-457
    • Itskovitz, J.1    LaGamma, E.F.2    Rudolph, A.M.3
  • 32
    • 0027215265 scopus 로고
    • Carotid, not aortic, chemoreceptors mediate the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in lambs
    • Bartelds B., van Bel F., Teitel D.F., and Rudolph A.M. Carotid, not aortic, chemoreceptors mediate the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in lambs. Pediatr Res 34 (1993) 51-55
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.34 , pp. 51-55
    • Bartelds, B.1    van Bel, F.2    Teitel, D.F.3    Rudolph, A.M.4
  • 33
    • 0029555178 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory responses to acute asphyxia in intact and chemodenervated fetal sheep near term
    • Jensen A., and Hanson M.A. Circulatory responses to acute asphyxia in intact and chemodenervated fetal sheep near term. Reprod Fertil Dev 7 (1995) 1351-1359
    • (1995) Reprod Fertil Dev , vol.7 , pp. 1351-1359
    • Jensen, A.1    Hanson, M.A.2
  • 34
    • 0026777293 scopus 로고
    • The physiologic mechanisms of variable decelerations
    • Ball R.H., and Parer J.T. The physiologic mechanisms of variable decelerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 166 (1992) 1683-1688
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.166 , pp. 1683-1688
    • Ball, R.H.1    Parer, J.T.2
  • 35
    • 0003097063 scopus 로고
    • The development of vascular reflexes
    • Blackwell Scientific Publications, London
    • Barcroft J. The development of vascular reflexes. Researches on prenatal life vol 1 (1946), Blackwell Scientific Publications, London 123-144
    • (1946) Researches on prenatal life , vol.1 , pp. 123-144
    • Barcroft, J.1
  • 36
    • 0019935050 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of late decelerations of the fetal heart rate during hypoxia
    • Harris J.L., Krueger T.R., and Parer J.T. Mechanisms of late decelerations of the fetal heart rate during hypoxia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144 (1982) 491-496
    • (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.144 , pp. 491-496
    • Harris, J.L.1    Krueger, T.R.2    Parer, J.T.3
  • 37
    • 17344390378 scopus 로고
    • Denervation of arterial chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in fetal lambs in utero
    • Itskovitz J., and Rudolph A.M. Denervation of arterial chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in fetal lambs in utero. Am J Physiol 242 (1982) H916-H920
    • (1982) Am J Physiol , vol.242
    • Itskovitz, J.1    Rudolph, A.M.2
  • 38
    • 0027818909 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate fall during acute hypoxemia: a measure of chemoreceptor response in fetal sheep
    • Baan Jr. J., Boekkooi P.F., Teitel D.F., and Rudolph A.M. Heart rate fall during acute hypoxemia: a measure of chemoreceptor response in fetal sheep. J Dev Physiol 19 (1993) 105-111
    • (1993) J Dev Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 105-111
    • Baan Jr., J.1    Boekkooi, P.F.2    Teitel, D.F.3    Rudolph, A.M.4
  • 39
    • 0023394323 scopus 로고
    • Cardiorespiratory responses to graded reductions of uterine blood flow in the sheep fetus
    • Yaffe H., Parer J.T., Block B.S., and Llanos A.J. Cardiorespiratory responses to graded reductions of uterine blood flow in the sheep fetus. J Dev Physiol 9 (1987) 325-336
    • (1987) J Dev Physiol , vol.9 , pp. 325-336
    • Yaffe, H.1    Parer, J.T.2    Block, B.S.3    Llanos, A.J.4
  • 40
    • 0031785278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebral hemodynamic response to asphyxia and hypoxia in the near- term fetal sheep as measured by near infrared spectroscopy
    • Bennet L., Peebles D.M., Edwards A.D., Rios A., and Hanson M.A. The cerebral hemodynamic response to asphyxia and hypoxia in the near- term fetal sheep as measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 44 (1998) 951-957
    • (1998) Pediatr Res , vol.44 , pp. 951-957
    • Bennet, L.1    Peebles, D.M.2    Edwards, A.D.3    Rios, A.4    Hanson, M.A.5
  • 41
    • 0027067845 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption is maintained in fetal sheep during prolonged hypoxemia
    • Bocking A.D., White S.E., Homan J., and Richardson B.S. Oxygen consumption is maintained in fetal sheep during prolonged hypoxemia. J Dev Physiol 17 (1992) 169-174
    • (1992) J Dev Physiol , vol.17 , pp. 169-174
    • Bocking, A.D.1    White, S.E.2    Homan, J.3    Richardson, B.S.4
  • 42
    • 0027237656 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral oxidative metabolism in fetal sheep with prolonged and graded hypoxemia
    • Richardson B.S., Carmichael L., Homan J., and Patrick J.E. Cerebral oxidative metabolism in fetal sheep with prolonged and graded hypoxemia. J Dev Physiol 19 (1993) 77-83
    • (1993) J Dev Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 77-83
    • Richardson, B.S.1    Carmichael, L.2    Homan, J.3    Patrick, J.E.4
  • 43
    • 0038743416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in relation to electrocortical activity with severe umbilical cord occlusion in the near-term ovine fetus
    • Kaneko M., White S., Homan J., and Richardson B. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in relation to electrocortical activity with severe umbilical cord occlusion in the near-term ovine fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 (2003) 961-972
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 961-972
    • Kaneko, M.1    White, S.2    Homan, J.3    Richardson, B.4
  • 44
    • 0041416090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key neuroprotective role for endogenous adenosine A1 receptor activation during asphyxia in the fetal sheep
    • Hunter C.J., Bennet L., Power G.G., et al. Key neuroprotective role for endogenous adenosine A1 receptor activation during asphyxia in the fetal sheep. Stroke 34 (2003) 2240-2245
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2240-2245
    • Hunter, C.J.1    Bennet, L.2    Power, G.G.3
  • 45
    • 0014485254 scopus 로고
    • The fetal sheep: morphogenesis of the nervous system and histochemical aspects of myelination
    • Barlow R.M. The fetal sheep: morphogenesis of the nervous system and histochemical aspects of myelination. J Comp Neurol 135 (1969) 249-262
    • (1969) J Comp Neurol , vol.135 , pp. 249-262
    • Barlow, R.M.1
  • 47
    • 0031870573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do fetal electrocardiogram PR-RR changes reflect progressive asphyxia after repeated umbilical cord occlusion in fetal sheep?
    • Westgate J.A., Gunn A.J., Bennet L., Gunning M.I., de Haan H.H., and Gluckman P.D. Do fetal electrocardiogram PR-RR changes reflect progressive asphyxia after repeated umbilical cord occlusion in fetal sheep?. Pediatr Res 44 (1998) 297-303
    • (1998) Pediatr Res , vol.44 , pp. 297-303
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Gunn, A.J.2    Bennet, L.3    Gunning, M.I.4    de Haan, H.H.5    Gluckman, P.D.6
  • 48
    • 0035123647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate overshoot during repeated umbilical cord occlusion in sheep
    • Westgate J.A., Bennet L., de Haan H.H., and Gunn A.J. Fetal heart rate overshoot during repeated umbilical cord occlusion in sheep. Obstet Gynecol 97 (2001) 454-459
    • (2001) Obstet Gynecol , vol.97 , pp. 454-459
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Bennet, L.2    de Haan, H.H.3    Gunn, A.J.4
  • 49
    • 0035083693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ST waveform changes during repeated umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal sheep
    • Westgate J.A., Bennet L., Brabyn C., Williams C.E., and Gunn A.J. ST waveform changes during repeated umbilical cord occlusions in near-term fetal sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184 (2001) 743-751
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.184 , pp. 743-751
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Bennet, L.2    Brabyn, C.3    Williams, C.E.4    Gunn, A.J.5
  • 50
    • 29544450217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal acidosis and hypotension during repeated umbilical cord occlusions are associated with enhanced chemoreflex responses in near-term fetal sheep
    • Bennet L., Westgate J.A., Lui Y.C., Wassink G., and Gunn A.J. Fetal acidosis and hypotension during repeated umbilical cord occlusions are associated with enhanced chemoreflex responses in near-term fetal sheep. J Appl Physiol 99 (2005) 1477-1482
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.99 , pp. 1477-1482
    • Bennet, L.1    Westgate, J.A.2    Lui, Y.C.3    Wassink, G.4    Gunn, A.J.5
  • 51
    • 0019503929 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial metabolism in relation to electrocardiographic changes and cardiac function during graded hypoxia in the fetal lamb
    • Hokegard K.H., Eriksson B.O., Kjellmer I., Magno R., and Rosen K.G. Myocardial metabolism in relation to electrocardiographic changes and cardiac function during graded hypoxia in the fetal lamb. Acta Physiol Scand 113 (1981) 1-7
    • (1981) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.113 , pp. 1-7
    • Hokegard, K.H.1    Eriksson, B.O.2    Kjellmer, I.3    Magno, R.4    Rosen, K.G.5
  • 52
    • 0023719543 scopus 로고
    • The slope of fetal heart rate deceleration is predictive of fetal condition during repeated umbilical cord compression in sheep
    • Akagi K., Okamura K., Endo C., et al. The slope of fetal heart rate deceleration is predictive of fetal condition during repeated umbilical cord compression in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159 (1988) 516-522
    • (1988) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.159 , pp. 516-522
    • Akagi, K.1    Okamura, K.2    Endo, C.3
  • 53
    • 33751292003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of cardiovascular responses to repeated partial umbilical cord compression in late-gestation sheep fetus
    • Giussani D.A., Unno N., Jenkins S.L., et al. Dynamics of cardiovascular responses to repeated partial umbilical cord compression in late-gestation sheep fetus. Am J Physiol 273 (1997) H2351-H2360
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Giussani, D.A.1    Unno, N.2    Jenkins, S.L.3
  • 54
    • 0035884573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of cardiovascular responses to repetitive umbilical cord occlusion in the late gestation ovine fetus
    • Green L.R., Kawagoe Y., Homan J., White S.E., and Richardson B.S. Adaptation of cardiovascular responses to repetitive umbilical cord occlusion in the late gestation ovine fetus. J Physiol 535 (2001) 879-888
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.535 , pp. 879-888
    • Green, L.R.1    Kawagoe, Y.2    Homan, J.3    White, S.E.4    Richardson, B.S.5
  • 56
    • 0021287444 scopus 로고
    • The response to hypoxia of arterial chemoreceptors in fetal sheep and new-born lambs
    • Blanco C.E., Dawes G.S., Hanson M.A., and McCooke H.B. The response to hypoxia of arterial chemoreceptors in fetal sheep and new-born lambs. J Physiol 351 (1984) 25-37
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.351 , pp. 25-37
    • Blanco, C.E.1    Dawes, G.S.2    Hanson, M.A.3    McCooke, H.B.4
  • 57
    • 0021269896 scopus 로고
    • Responses of the growth-retarded fetus to acute hypoxemia
    • Block B.S., Llanos A.J., and Creasy R.K. Responses of the growth-retarded fetus to acute hypoxemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 148 (1984) 878-885
    • (1984) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.148 , pp. 878-885
    • Block, B.S.1    Llanos, A.J.2    Creasy, R.K.3
  • 58
    • 0036554972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prevailing hypoxaemia, acidaemia or hypoglycaemia upon the cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic responses to acute hypoxaemia in the ovine fetus
    • Gardner D.S., Fletcher A.J., Bloomfield M.R., Fowden A.L., and Giussani D.A. Effects of prevailing hypoxaemia, acidaemia or hypoglycaemia upon the cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic responses to acute hypoxaemia in the ovine fetus. J Physiol 540 (2002) 351-366
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.540 , pp. 351-366
    • Gardner, D.S.1    Fletcher, A.J.2    Bloomfield, M.R.3    Fowden, A.L.4    Giussani, D.A.5
  • 59
    • 0034525166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed hypotension and subendocardial injury after repeated umbilical cord occlusion in near-term fetal lambs
    • Gunn A.J., Maxwell L., de Haan H.H., et al. Delayed hypotension and subendocardial injury after repeated umbilical cord occlusion in near-term fetal lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183 (2000) 1564-1572
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , pp. 1564-1572
    • Gunn, A.J.1    Maxwell, L.2    de Haan, H.H.3
  • 61
    • 0019954247 scopus 로고
    • The development of fetal acidosis in the presence of an abnormal fetal heart rate tracing: I, the average for gestational age fetus
    • Fleischer A., Schulman H., Jagani N., Mitchell J., and Randolph G. The development of fetal acidosis in the presence of an abnormal fetal heart rate tracing: I, the average for gestational age fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 144 (1982) 55-60
    • (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.144 , pp. 55-60
    • Fleischer, A.1    Schulman, H.2    Jagani, N.3    Mitchell, J.4    Randolph, G.5
  • 62
    • 0016764425 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology, characteristics and diagnostic relevance of late deceleration patterns in routine obstetric practice
    • Thomas G. The aetiology, characteristics and diagnostic relevance of late deceleration patterns in routine obstetric practice. BJOG 82 (1975) 121-125
    • (1975) BJOG , vol.82 , pp. 121-125
    • Thomas, G.1
  • 63
    • 13244268686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of late decelerations for fetal acidemia in unselective low-risk pregnancies
    • Sameshima H., and Ikenoue T. Predictive value of late decelerations for fetal acidemia in unselective low-risk pregnancies. Am J Perinatol 22 (2005) 19-23
    • (2005) Am J Perinatol , vol.22 , pp. 19-23
    • Sameshima, H.1    Ikenoue, T.2
  • 64
    • 0019164357 scopus 로고
    • Nonstressed antepartum heart rate monitoring: implications of decelerations after spontaneous contractions
    • Visser G.H., Redman C.W., Huisjes H.J., and Turnbull A.C. Nonstressed antepartum heart rate monitoring: implications of decelerations after spontaneous contractions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138 (1980) 429-435
    • (1980) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.138 , pp. 429-435
    • Visser, G.H.1    Redman, C.W.2    Huisjes, H.J.3    Turnbull, A.C.4
  • 65
    • 0017144855 scopus 로고
    • Umbilical vein occlusion and transient acceleration of the fetal heart rate: experimental observations in subhuman primates
    • James L.S., Yeh M.N., Morishima H.O., et al. Umbilical vein occlusion and transient acceleration of the fetal heart rate: experimental observations in subhuman primates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 126 (1976) 276-283
    • (1976) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.126 , pp. 276-283
    • James, L.S.1    Yeh, M.N.2    Morishima, H.O.3
  • 66
    • 0036854897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate parameters predictive of neonatal outcome in the presence of a prolonged deceleration
    • Williams K.P., and Galerneau F. Fetal heart rate parameters predictive of neonatal outcome in the presence of a prolonged deceleration. Obstet Gynecol 100 (2002) 951-954
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol , vol.100 , pp. 951-954
    • Williams, K.P.1    Galerneau, F.2
  • 67
    • 0037342893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns in the prediction of neonatal acidemia
    • Williams K.P., and Galerneau F. Intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns in the prediction of neonatal acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 (2003) 820-823
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 820-823
    • Williams, K.P.1    Galerneau, F.2
  • 68
    • 0037427575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical period of non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns in preterm gestation
    • Matsuda Y., Maeda T., and Kouno S. The critical period of non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns in preterm gestation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 106 (2003) 36-39
    • (2003) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.106 , pp. 36-39
    • Matsuda, Y.1    Maeda, T.2    Kouno, S.3
  • 71
    • 0033011231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate variability changes during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusion in near term fetal sheep
    • Westgate J.A., Bennet L., and Gunn A.J. Fetal heart rate variability changes during brief repeated umbilical cord occlusion in near term fetal sheep. BJOG 106 (1999) 664-671
    • (1999) BJOG , vol.106 , pp. 664-671
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Bennet, L.2    Gunn, A.J.3
  • 72
    • 0031018227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate patterns in growth-restricted fetal sheep induced by chronic fetal placental embolization
    • Murotsuki J., Bocking A.D., and Gagnon R. Fetal heart rate patterns in growth-restricted fetal sheep induced by chronic fetal placental embolization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176 (1997) 282-290
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 282-290
    • Murotsuki, J.1    Bocking, A.D.2    Gagnon, R.3
  • 73
    • 0030970235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of carotid sinus denervation on fetal heart rate variation in normoxia, hypoxia and post-hypoxia in fetal sheep
    • Kozuma S., Watanabe T., Bennet L., Green L.R., and Hanson M.A. The effect of carotid sinus denervation on fetal heart rate variation in normoxia, hypoxia and post-hypoxia in fetal sheep. BJOG 104 (1997) 460-465
    • (1997) BJOG , vol.104 , pp. 460-465
    • Kozuma, S.1    Watanabe, T.2    Bennet, L.3    Green, L.R.4    Hanson, M.A.5
  • 74
    • 0017350610 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal, respiratory, and other rhythms of fetal heart rate in lambs
    • Dalton K.J., Dawes G.S., and Patrick J.E. Diurnal, respiratory, and other rhythms of fetal heart rate in lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 127 (1977) 414-424
    • (1977) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.127 , pp. 414-424
    • Dalton, K.J.1    Dawes, G.S.2    Patrick, J.E.3
  • 75
    • 0019822979 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acute hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis on the fetal heart rate in monkeys
    • Ikenoue T., Martin Jr. C.B., Murata Y., Ettinger B.B., and Lu P.S. Effect of acute hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis on the fetal heart rate in monkeys. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141 (1981) 797-806
    • (1981) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.141 , pp. 797-806
    • Ikenoue, T.1    Martin Jr., C.B.2    Murata, Y.3    Ettinger, B.B.4    Lu, P.S.5
  • 76
    • 0032937929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to intermittent umbilical cord occlusion in the preterm ovine fetus
    • Green L.R., Homan J., White S.E., and Richardson B.S. Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to intermittent umbilical cord occlusion in the preterm ovine fetus. J Soc Gynecol Investig 6 (1999) 56-63
    • (1999) J Soc Gynecol Investig , vol.6 , pp. 56-63
    • Green, L.R.1    Homan, J.2    White, S.E.3    Richardson, B.S.4
  • 77
    • 0031757710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate patterns in postasphyxiated fetal lambs with brain damage
    • Ikeda T., Murata Y., Quilligan E.J., et al. Fetal heart rate patterns in postasphyxiated fetal lambs with brain damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179 (1998) 1329-1337
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.179 , pp. 1329-1337
    • Ikeda, T.1    Murata, Y.2    Quilligan, E.J.3
  • 79
    • 0015986849 scopus 로고
    • A functional umbilical cord occlusion heart rate pattern: the significance of overshoot
    • Goodlin R.C., and Lowe E.W. A functional umbilical cord occlusion heart rate pattern: the significance of overshoot. Obstet Gynecol 43 (1974) 22-30
    • (1974) Obstet Gynecol , vol.43 , pp. 22-30
    • Goodlin, R.C.1    Lowe, E.W.2
  • 80
    • 0013941194 scopus 로고
    • The influence of labor on the fetus and the newborn
    • Towell M.E. The influence of labor on the fetus and the newborn. Pediatr Clin North Am 13 (1966) 575-598
    • (1966) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.13 , pp. 575-598
    • Towell, M.E.1
  • 82
    • 0023881571 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of FHR pattern associated with progressively advanced fetal acidemia caused by cord compression
    • Saito J., Okamura K., Akagi K., et al. Alteration of FHR pattern associated with progressively advanced fetal acidemia caused by cord compression. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 40 (1988) 775-780
    • (1988) Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi , vol.40 , pp. 775-780
    • Saito, J.1    Okamura, K.2    Akagi, K.3
  • 83
    • 0024313512 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of FHR pattern and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose of the fetus measured by positron emission tomography during progress of acidemia: the significance of overshoot acceleration in FHR
    • Okamura K., Tanigawara S., Shintaku Y., et al. Alteration of FHR pattern and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose of the fetus measured by positron emission tomography during progress of acidemia: the significance of overshoot acceleration in FHR. J Perinat Med 17 (1989) 289-295
    • (1989) J Perinat Med , vol.17 , pp. 289-295
    • Okamura, K.1    Tanigawara, S.2    Shintaku, Y.3
  • 84
    • 34548493892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate patterns basic and variant
    • Saunders, Philadelphia
    • Parer J.T. Fetal heart rate patterns basic and variant. Handbook of fetal heart rate monitoring. 2nd ed. (1997), Saunders, Philadelphia 145-195
    • (1997) Handbook of fetal heart rate monitoring. 2nd ed. , pp. 145-195
    • Parer, J.T.1
  • 85
    • 75449137116 scopus 로고
    • Electronic evaluation of the fetal heart rate: VIII, patterns preceding fetal death, further observations
    • Hon E.H., and Lee S.T. Electronic evaluation of the fetal heart rate: VIII, patterns preceding fetal death, further observations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 87 (1963) 814-826
    • (1963) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.87 , pp. 814-826
    • Hon, E.H.1    Lee, S.T.2
  • 86
    • 0022455475 scopus 로고
    • Fetal cerebral, cardiovascular and metabolic reactions to intermittent occlusion of ovine maternal placental blood flow
    • Rosen K.G., Hrbek A., Karlsson K., and Kjellmer I. Fetal cerebral, cardiovascular and metabolic reactions to intermittent occlusion of ovine maternal placental blood flow. Acta Physiol Scand 126 (1986) 209-216
    • (1986) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.126 , pp. 209-216
    • Rosen, K.G.1    Hrbek, A.2    Karlsson, K.3    Kjellmer, I.4
  • 87
    • 0027459154 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of blood sampling in fetuses with growth retardation
    • Pardi G., Cetin I., Marconi A.M., et al. Diagnostic value of blood sampling in fetuses with growth retardation. N Engl J Med 328 (1993) 692-696
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 692-696
    • Pardi, G.1    Cetin, I.2    Marconi, A.M.3
  • 88
    • 0024439121 scopus 로고
    • Blood gases, pH, and lactate in appropriate- and small-for-gestational-age fetuses
    • Nicolaides K.H., Economides D.L., and Soothill P.W. Blood gases, pH, and lactate in appropriate- and small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 (1989) 996-1001
    • (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.161 , pp. 996-1001
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1    Economides, D.L.2    Soothill, P.W.3
  • 91
    • 0037327671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic changes during complete umbilical cord occlusion in fetal sheep related to hippocampal neuronal damage
    • Fujii E.Y., Takahashi N., Kodama Y., Roman C., Ferriero D.M., and Parer J.T. Hemodynamic changes during complete umbilical cord occlusion in fetal sheep related to hippocampal neuronal damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 (2003) 413-418
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 413-418
    • Fujii, E.Y.1    Takahashi, N.2    Kodama, Y.3    Roman, C.4    Ferriero, D.M.5    Parer, J.T.6
  • 92
    • 0033576152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A template for defining a causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: international consensus statement
    • The International Cerebral Palsy Task Force
    • MacLennan A., and The International Cerebral Palsy Task Force. A template for defining a causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy: international consensus statement. BMJ 319 (1999) 1054-1059
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 1054-1059
    • MacLennan, A.1
  • 93
    • 3242704354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on the occurrence and significance of antepartum fetal asphyxia
    • Low J.A. Reflections on the occurrence and significance of antepartum fetal asphyxia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18 (2004) 375-382
    • (2004) Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol , vol.18 , pp. 375-382
    • Low, J.A.1
  • 94
    • 0033920880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal heart rate observations in the brain-damaged infant
    • Phelan J.P., and Kim J.O. Fetal heart rate observations in the brain-damaged infant. Semin Perinatol 24 (2000) 221-229
    • (2000) Semin Perinatol , vol.24 , pp. 221-229
    • Phelan, J.P.1    Kim, J.O.2
  • 96
    • 0017872543 scopus 로고
    • An unusual fetal heart rate pattern
    • Cruikshank D.P. An unusual fetal heart rate pattern. Am J Obstet Gynecol 130 (1978) 101-102
    • (1978) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.130 , pp. 101-102
    • Cruikshank, D.P.1
  • 97
    • 0032825660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal seizures causing increased heart rate variability during terminal fetal hypoxia
    • Westgate J.A., Bennet L., and Gunn A.J. Fetal seizures causing increased heart rate variability during terminal fetal hypoxia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181 (1999) 765-766
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , pp. 765-766
    • Westgate, J.A.1    Bennet, L.2    Gunn, A.J.3
  • 98
    • 0028031515 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal observations in forty-eight neurologically impaired term infants
    • Phelan J.P., and Ahn M.O. Perinatal observations in forty-eight neurologically impaired term infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171 (1994) 424-431
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.171 , pp. 424-431
    • Phelan, J.P.1    Ahn, M.O.2
  • 99
    • 0021245621 scopus 로고
    • Neurological control of fetal heart rate in 20 cases of anencephalic fetuses
    • Terao T., Kawashima Y., Noto H., et al. Neurological control of fetal heart rate in 20 cases of anencephalic fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 149 (1984) 201-208
    • (1984) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.149 , pp. 201-208
    • Terao, T.1    Kawashima, Y.2    Noto, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.