Cisterna chyli: A detailed anatomic investigation

Clinical Anatomy

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 683-688

  Loukas, Marios ^a,b   Wartmann, Christopher T ^a   Louis Jr , Robert G ^a   Tubbs, R Shane ^c   Salter, E George ^c   Gupta, Ankmalika A ^a   Curry, Brian ^a  

^a ST GEORGE S UNIVERSITY   (Grenada)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Chylothorax; Cisterna chyli; Lymphangiography; Lymphatic drainage; Thoracic duct

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL AORTA; ADULT; AGED; ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; CADAVER; CHYLOTHORAX; CYSTERNA CHYLI; FEMALE; HUMAN; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; LAPAROSCOPY; LYMPH VESSEL; LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY; LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURGICAL ANATOMY; THORACIC DUCT; THORAX SURGERY; VERTEBRA BODY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; FEMALE; HUMANS; LUMBAR VERTEBRAE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; THORACIC DUCT; THORACIC VERTEBRAE;

EID: 34548496331     PISSN: 08973806     EISSN: 10982353     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ca.20485     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Akaishi T, Kaneda I, Higuchi N, Kuriya Y, Kuramoto J, Toyoda T, Wakabayashi A. 1996. Thoracoscopic en bloc total esophagectomy with radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 112:1533-1541.
2. Anson BJ. 1950. Atlas of Human Anatomy. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, p 443-444.
3. Anson BJ, McVay C. 1971. Surgical Anatomy. Thoracic Cavity and Its Contents. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, p 442-446.
4. Boran N, Cil AP, Tulunay G, Ozgul N, Kose MF. 2004. Chylous ascites following para-aortic lymphadenectomy: A case report. Gynecol Oncol 93:711-714.
5. Cevese PG, Vecchioni R, Cordiano C, D'Amico DF, Farello GA, Favia G, Biasato R. 1975. Surgical techniques for operations on the thoracic duct. Surg Gynecol Obstet 140:957-965.
6. Chen H, Shoumura S, Emura S. 2006. Bilateral thoracic ducts with coexistent persistent left superior vena cava. Clin Anat 19:350-353.
7. Clemente CD. 1985. Gray's Anatomy. Large Lymphatic Vessels. 30th Ed. Philadelphia: Williams and Wilkins. p 876-879.
8. Cha EM, Sirijintakarn P. 1976. Anatomic variation of the thoracic duct and visualization of mediastinal lymph nodes: A lymphography study. Radiology 119:45-48.
9. Cope C, Kaiser LR. 2002. Management of unremitting chylothorax by percutaneous embolization and blockage of retroperitoneal lymphatic vessels in 42 patients. J Vase Interv Radiol 13:1139-1148.
10. Erden A, Fitoz S, Yagmurlu B, Erden I. 2005. Abdominal confluence of lymph trunks: detectability and morphology on heavily T2-weighted images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:35-40.
11. Fishman SJ, Burrows PE, Upton J, Hendren WH. 2001. Life-threatening anamolies of the thoracic duct: anatomic delineation dictates management. J Pediatr Surg 36:1269-1272.
12. Gollub MJ, Castellino RA. 1996. The cisterna chyli: A potential mimic of retrocrural lymphadenopathy on CT scans. Radiology 199:477-480.
13. Hollinshead WH. 1971. Anatomy for Surgeons. Vol 2. New York: Hoeber-Harper. p 193-194.
14. Jossifow GM. 1906. Der anfang des ductus thoracicus und dessen erweiterung. Arch f Anat u Physiol (Anat Abt) p 68.
15. Kaas R, Rustman LD, Zoetmulder FA. 2001. Chylous ascites after oncological abdominal surgery: Incidence and treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 27:187-189.
16. Kausel HW, Reeve TS, Stein AA, Alley RD, Stranahan A. 1957. Anatomic and pathologic studies of the thoracic duct. J Thorac Surg 34:631-641.
17. Kubik S. 1995. Cardiovascular system. In: Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, editors. Gray's Anatomy. 38th Ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, p 1610.
18. Kwon SS, Falk A, Mitty HA. 2002. Thoracic duct injury associated with left internal jugular vein catheterization: Anatomic considerations. J Vasc Interv Radiol 13:337-339.
19. Lee KC, Cassar-Pullicino VN. 2000. Giant cisterna chyli: MRI depiction with gadolinium-DTPA enhancement. Clin Radiol 55:51-55.
20. Leffert RD. 2004. Complications of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. Hand Clin 20:91-98.
21. Lentz SS, Schray MF, Wilson TO. 1990. Chylous ascites after whole-abdomen irradiation for gynecologic malignancy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19:435-438.
22. Loukas M, Hullet J, Wagner T. 2005. The clinical anatomy of the inferior phrenic artery. Clin Anat 18:357-365.
23. Medina E, Anguiano MP, Agudo O, Lobo J, Tihista JA, Alonso I, Calvo A. 2005. Bilateral chylothorax after gastric surgery. An Sist Sanit Navar 28:421-424.
24. Miller DL. 2002. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 73:898-899.
25. Moore KL, Dalley AF. 2006. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Williams, p 180, 342.
26. Moore KL, Persaud TV. 2003. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, p 299-302.
27. Pinto PS, Sirlin CB, Andrade-Barreto OA, Brown MA, Mindelzun RE, Mattrey RF. 2004. Cisterna chyli at routine abdominal MR imaging: A normal anatomic structure in the retrocrural space. Radiographics 24:809-817.
28. Propst-Proctor SL, Rinsky LA, Bleck EE. 1983. The cisterna chyli in orthopaedic surgery. Spine 8:787-792.
29. Rosenberger A, Abrams HL 1971. Radiology of the thoracic duct. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 111:807-820.
30. Riquet M, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Souilamas R, Hidden G. 2002. Thoracic duct tributaries from intrathoracic organs. Ann Thorac Surg 73:892-899.
31. Sabin FR. 1916. The origin and development of the lymphatic system. Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep 17:347-440.
32. Standring S, Ellis H, Healy C, Johnson D, Williams A. 2005a. Mediastinum. Gray's Anatomy. 39th Ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, p 984-986.
33. Standring S, Ellis H, Healy C, Johnson D, Williams A. 2005b. Vascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage of the Posterior Abdominal Wall and Retroperitoneum. Gray's Anatomy. 39th Ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, p 1122-1123.
34. Takeuchi S, Kinoshita H, Terasawa K, Minami S. 2006. Chylous ascites following operation for para-aortic lymph node dissection in a patient with cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1:418-422.
35. Van Pernis PA. 1949. Variations of the thoracic duct. Surgery 26:806-809.
36. Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM. (eds.) 1995. Gray's Anatomy. 38th Ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, p 327-328, 1609-1611.