메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 397-404

Understanding modes of moderate sedation during gastrointestinal procedures: a current review of the literature

Author keywords

Colonoscopy; Endoscopy; Fospropofol disodium; Propofol; Rapid recovery; Sedation

Indexed keywords

AQUAVAN; BENZODIAZEPINE; CYCLODEXTRIN DERIVATIVE; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; DIAZEPAM; DROPERIDOL; FENTANYL; FOSPROPOFOL DISODIUM; KETAMINE; MIDAZOLAM; NITROUS OXIDE; OPIATE; PETHIDINE; PROPOFOL; SEDATIVE AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 34548478582     PISSN: 09528180     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.11.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0037436701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer test use among persons aged >50 years-United States, 2001
    • Seeff L., Nadel M., and Blackman D. Colorectal cancer test use among persons aged >50 years-United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 52 (2003) 193-196
    • (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.52 , pp. 193-196
    • Seeff, L.1    Nadel, M.2    Blackman, D.3
  • 2
    • 13744260035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer prevention
    • Hawk E.T., and Levin B. Colorectal cancer prevention. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 378-391
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 378-391
    • Hawk, E.T.1    Levin, B.2
  • 3
    • 9644263982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many endoscopies are performed for colorectal cancer screening? Results from CDC's survey of endoscopic capacity
    • Seeff L.C., Richards T.B., Shapiro J.A., et al. How many endoscopies are performed for colorectal cancer screening? Results from CDC's survey of endoscopic capacity. Gastroenterology 127 (2004) 1670-1677
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.127 , pp. 1670-1677
    • Seeff, L.C.1    Richards, T.B.2    Shapiro, J.A.3
  • 4
    • 19144371241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: new practices, new economics
    • Aisenberg J., Brill J.V., Ladabaum U., and Cohen L.B. Sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: new practices, new economics. Am J Gastroenterol 100 (2005) 996-1000
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 996-1000
    • Aisenberg, J.1    Brill, J.V.2    Ladabaum, U.3    Cohen, L.B.4
  • 5
    • 1242317815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for conscious sedation and monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy
    • Waring J.P., Baron T.H., Hirota W.K., et al. Guidelines for conscious sedation and monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 58 (2003) 317-322
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.58 , pp. 317-322
    • Waring, J.P.1    Baron, T.H.2    Hirota, W.K.3
  • 6
    • 0036267102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vicari JJ. Sedation and analgesia. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2002;12:297-311.
  • 7
    • 0037346142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonoscopy: practice variation among 69 hospital-based endoscopists
    • Cotton P.B., Connor P., McGee D., et al. Colonoscopy: practice variation among 69 hospital-based endoscopists. Gastrointest Endosc 57 (2003) 352-357
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.57 , pp. 352-357
    • Cotton, P.B.1    Connor, P.2    McGee, D.3
  • 8
    • 0025165576 scopus 로고
    • Performing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using colonoscopes: experience in 500 subjects
    • Rex D.K., Lehman G.A., Hawes R.H., O'Connor K.W., and Smith J.J. Performing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using colonoscopes: experience in 500 subjects. Gastrointest Endosc 36 (1990) 486-488
    • (1990) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.36 , pp. 486-488
    • Rex, D.K.1    Lehman, G.A.2    Hawes, R.H.3    O'Connor, K.W.4    Smith, J.J.5
  • 9
    • 0027419887 scopus 로고
    • Sedation associated with a more complete colonoscopy
    • Rodney W.M., Dabov G., Orientale E., and Reeves W.P. Sedation associated with a more complete colonoscopy. J Fam Pract 36 (1993) 394-400
    • (1993) J Fam Pract , vol.36 , pp. 394-400
    • Rodney, W.M.1    Dabov, G.2    Orientale, E.3    Reeves, W.P.4
  • 11
    • 0032940687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients willing to try colonoscopy without sedation: associated clinical factors and results of a randomized controlled trial
    • Rex D.K., Imperiale T.F., and Portish V. Patients willing to try colonoscopy without sedation: associated clinical factors and results of a randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc 49 (1999) 554-559
    • (1999) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.49 , pp. 554-559
    • Rex, D.K.1    Imperiale, T.F.2    Portish, V.3
  • 13
    • 0036204179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists
    • American Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists
    • American Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 96 (2002) 1004-1017
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 1004-1017
  • 14
    • 2342535176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety, and limitations in current practice of sedation and analgesia
    • Huang R., and Eisen G.M. Efficacy, safety, and limitations in current practice of sedation and analgesia. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 14 (2004) 269-288
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.14 , pp. 269-288
    • Huang, R.1    Eisen, G.M.2
  • 15
    • 23044472915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sole use of dexmedetomidine has limited utility for conscious sedation during outpatient colonoscopy
    • Jalowiecki P., Rudner R., Gonciarz M., Kawecki P., Petelenz M., and Dziurdzik P. Sole use of dexmedetomidine has limited utility for conscious sedation during outpatient colonoscopy. Anesthesiology 103 (2005) 269-273
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 269-273
    • Jalowiecki, P.1    Rudner, R.2    Gonciarz, M.3    Kawecki, P.4    Petelenz, M.5    Dziurdzik, P.6
  • 16
    • 33646572241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic sedation in the Unites States: results from a nationwide survey
    • Cohen L.B., Wecsler J.S., Gaetano J.N., et al. Endoscopic sedation in the Unites States: results from a nationwide survey. Am J Gastroenterol 101 (2006) 967-974
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 967-974
    • Cohen, L.B.1    Wecsler, J.S.2    Gaetano, J.N.3
  • 17
    • 0242710115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol for endoscopic sedation: a protocol for safe and effective administration by the gastroenterologist
    • Cohen L.B., Dubovsky A.N., Aisenberg J., and Miller K.M. Propofol for endoscopic sedation: a protocol for safe and effective administration by the gastroenterologist. Gastrointest Endosc 58 (2003) 725-732
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.58 , pp. 725-732
    • Cohen, L.B.1    Dubovsky, A.N.2    Aisenberg, J.3    Miller, K.M.4
  • 18
    • 1942440344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled versus nurse-administered sedation with propofol during colonoscopy. A prospective randomized trial
    • Heuss L.T., Drewe J., Schnieper P., Tapparelli C.B., Pflimlin E., and Beglinger C. Patient-controlled versus nurse-administered sedation with propofol during colonoscopy. A prospective randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol 99 (2004) 511-518
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 511-518
    • Heuss, L.T.1    Drewe, J.2    Schnieper, P.3    Tapparelli, C.B.4    Pflimlin, E.5    Beglinger, C.6
  • 19
    • 0038107241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification and safe administration of propofol by registered nurses supervised by the gastroenterologist: a prospective observational study of more than 2000 cases
    • Heuss L.T., Schnieper P., Drewe J., Pflimlin E., and Beglinger C. Risk stratification and safe administration of propofol by registered nurses supervised by the gastroenterologist: a prospective observational study of more than 2000 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 57 (2003) 664-671
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.57 , pp. 664-671
    • Heuss, L.T.1    Schnieper, P.2    Drewe, J.3    Pflimlin, E.4    Beglinger, C.5
  • 20
    • 0038177840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Registered nurse-administered propofol sedation for upper endoscopy and colonoscopy: why? When? How?
    • Rex D.K., Overley C.A., and Walker J. Registered nurse-administered propofol sedation for upper endoscopy and colonoscopy: why? When? How?. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 3 (2003) 70-80
    • (2003) Rev Gastroenterol Disord , vol.3 , pp. 70-80
    • Rex, D.K.1    Overley, C.A.2    Walker, J.3
  • 21
    • 0036245555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of propofol administered by registered nurses with gastroenterologist supervision in 2000 endoscopic cases
    • Rex D.K., Overley C., Kinser K., et al. Safety of propofol administered by registered nurses with gastroenterologist supervision in 2000 endoscopic cases. Am J Gastroenterol 97 (2002) 1159-1163
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 1159-1163
    • Rex, D.K.1    Overley, C.2    Kinser, K.3
  • 22
    • 2342638393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of sedatives and analgesics
    • Horn E., and Nesbit S.A. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of sedatives and analgesics. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 14 (2004) 247-268
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.14 , pp. 247-268
    • Horn, E.1    Nesbit, S.A.2
  • 23
    • 0032435293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled sedation and analgesia, using propofol and alfentanil, during colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
    • Roseveare C., Seavell C., Patel P., et al. Patient-controlled sedation and analgesia, using propofol and alfentanil, during colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy 30 (1998) 768-773
    • (1998) Endoscopy , vol.30 , pp. 768-773
    • Roseveare, C.1    Seavell, C.2    Patel, P.3
  • 24
    • 0034080387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus midazolam and meperidine for conscious sedation in GI endoscopy
    • Koshy G., Nair S., Norkus E.P., Hertan H.I., and Pitchumoni C.S. Propofol versus midazolam and meperidine for conscious sedation in GI endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2000) 1476-1479
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 1476-1479
    • Koshy, G.1    Nair, S.2    Norkus, E.P.3    Hertan, H.I.4    Pitchumoni, C.S.5
  • 25
    • 0033967223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic sedation with low-dose midazolam and propofol for colonoscopies
    • Reimann F.M., Samson U., Derad I., Fuchs M., Schiefer B., and Stange E.F. Synergistic sedation with low-dose midazolam and propofol for colonoscopies. Endoscopy 32 (2000) 239-244
    • (2000) Endoscopy , vol.32 , pp. 239-244
    • Reimann, F.M.1    Samson, U.2    Derad, I.3    Fuchs, M.4    Schiefer, B.5    Stange, E.F.6
  • 26
    • 0035403702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled sedation with propofol for colonoscopy
    • Ng J.M., Kong C.F., and Nyam D. Patient-controlled sedation with propofol for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 54 (2001) 8-13
    • (2001) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.54 , pp. 8-13
    • Ng, J.M.1    Kong, C.F.2    Nyam, D.3
  • 27
    • 0036616768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus midazolam/meperidine for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists
    • Sipe B.W., Rex D.K., Latinovich D., et al. Propofol versus midazolam/meperidine for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists. Gastrointest Endosc 55 (2002) 815-825
    • (2002) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.55 , pp. 815-825
    • Sipe, B.W.1    Rex, D.K.2    Latinovich, D.3
  • 28
    • 0242694398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus midazolam/fentanyl for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists
    • Ulmer B.J., Hansen J.J., Overley C.A., et al. Propofol versus midazolam/fentanyl for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 1 (2003) 425-432
    • (2003) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.1 , pp. 425-432
    • Ulmer, B.J.1    Hansen, J.J.2    Overley, C.A.3
  • 29
    • 0031951581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam versus diazepam in lipid emulsion as conscious sedation for colonoscopy with or without reversal of sedation with flumazenil
    • Macken E., Gevers A.M., Hendrickx A., and Rutgeerts P. Midazolam versus diazepam in lipid emulsion as conscious sedation for colonoscopy with or without reversal of sedation with flumazenil. Gastrointest Endosc 47 (1998) 57-61
    • (1998) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.47 , pp. 57-61
    • Macken, E.1    Gevers, A.M.2    Hendrickx, A.3    Rutgeerts, P.4
  • 30
    • 0033034016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation during colonoscopy in a prospective double-blind study
    • Zakko S.F., Seifert H.A., and Gross J.B. A comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation during colonoscopy in a prospective double-blind study. Gastrointest Endosc 49 (1999) 684-689
    • (1999) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.49 , pp. 684-689
    • Zakko, S.F.1    Seifert, H.A.2    Gross, J.B.3
  • 31
    • 0038101661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus remifentanil for monitored anaesthesia care during colonoscopy
    • Moerman A.T., Foubert L.A., Herregods L.L., et al. Propofol versus remifentanil for monitored anaesthesia care during colonoscopy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 20 (2003) 461-466
    • (2003) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , pp. 461-466
    • Moerman, A.T.1    Foubert, L.A.2    Herregods, L.L.3
  • 32
    • 0033806364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation with propofol plus midazolam versus propofol alone for interventional endoscopic procedures: a prospective, randomized study
    • Seifert H., Schmitt T.H., Gultekin T., Caspary W.F., and Wehrmann T. Sedation with propofol plus midazolam versus propofol alone for interventional endoscopic procedures: a prospective, randomized study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14 (2000) 1207-1214
    • (2000) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.14 , pp. 1207-1214
    • Seifert, H.1    Schmitt, T.H.2    Gultekin, T.3    Caspary, W.F.4    Wehrmann, T.5
  • 33
    • 0033835819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation for colonoscopy using a single bolus is safe, effective, and efficient: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
    • Morrow J.B., Zuccaro G.J., Conwell D.L., et al. Sedation for colonoscopy using a single bolus is safe, effective, and efficient: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2000) 2242-2247
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 2242-2247
    • Morrow, J.B.1    Zuccaro, G.J.2    Conwell, D.L.3
  • 34
    • 0036678899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic sedation with midazolam and propofol versus midazolam and pethidine in colonoscopies: a prospective, randomized study
    • Paspatis G.A., Manolaraki M., Xirouchakis G., Papanikolaou N., Chlouverakis G., and Gritzali A. Synergistic sedation with midazolam and propofol versus midazolam and pethidine in colonoscopies: a prospective, randomized study. Am J Gastroenterol 97 (2002) 1963-1967
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 1963-1967
    • Paspatis, G.A.1    Manolaraki, M.2    Xirouchakis, G.3    Papanikolaou, N.4    Chlouverakis, G.5    Gritzali, A.6
  • 35
    • 1142311495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conscious analgesia/sedation with remifentanil and propofol versus total intravenous anesthesia with fentanyl, midazolam, and propofol for outpatient colonoscopy
    • Rudner R., Jalowiecki P., Kawecki P., Gonciarz M., Mularczyk A., and Petelenz M. Conscious analgesia/sedation with remifentanil and propofol versus total intravenous anesthesia with fentanyl, midazolam, and propofol for outpatient colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 57 (2003) 657-663
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.57 , pp. 657-663
    • Rudner, R.1    Jalowiecki, P.2    Kawecki, P.3    Gonciarz, M.4    Mularczyk, A.5    Petelenz, M.6
  • 36
    • 0037347368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single bolus of midazolam versus bolus midazolam plus meperidine for colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
    • Radaelli F., Meucci G., Terruzzi V., et al. Single bolus of midazolam versus bolus midazolam plus meperidine for colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Gastrointest Endosc 57 (2003) 329-335
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.57 , pp. 329-335
    • Radaelli, F.1    Meucci, G.2    Terruzzi, V.3
  • 37
    • 0033912786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conscious sedation and cardiorespiratory safety during colonoscopy
    • Ristikankare M., Julkunen R., Mattila M., et al. Conscious sedation and cardiorespiratory safety during colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 52 (2000) 48-54
    • (2000) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.52 , pp. 48-54
    • Ristikankare, M.1    Julkunen, R.2    Mattila, M.3
  • 38
    • 0042889340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled sedation for colonoscopy: a randomized trial comparing patient-controlled administration of propofol and alfentanil with physician-administered midazolam and pethidine
    • Bright E., Roseveare C., Dalgleish D., Kimble J., Elliott J., and Shepherd H. Patient-controlled sedation for colonoscopy: a randomized trial comparing patient-controlled administration of propofol and alfentanil with physician-administered midazolam and pethidine. Endoscopy 35 (2003) 683-687
    • (2003) Endoscopy , vol.35 , pp. 683-687
    • Bright, E.1    Roseveare, C.2    Dalgleish, D.3    Kimble, J.4    Elliott, J.5    Shepherd, H.6
  • 39
    • 0028900236 scopus 로고
    • Prospective audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in two regions of England: safety, staffing, and sedation methods
    • Quine M.A., Bell G.D., McCloy R.F., Charlton J.E., Devlin H.B., and Hopkins A. Prospective audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in two regions of England: safety, staffing, and sedation methods. Gut 36 (1995) 462-467
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 462-467
    • Quine, M.A.1    Bell, G.D.2    McCloy, R.F.3    Charlton, J.E.4    Devlin, H.B.5    Hopkins, A.6
  • 40
    • 0025720595 scopus 로고
    • Results from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy/U.S. Food and Drug Administration collaborative study on complication rates and drug use during gastrointestinal endoscopy
    • Arrowsmith J.B., Gerstman B.B., Fleischer D.E., and Benjamin S.B. Results from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy/U.S. Food and Drug Administration collaborative study on complication rates and drug use during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 37 (1991) 421-427
    • (1991) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.37 , pp. 421-427
    • Arrowsmith, J.B.1    Gerstman, B.B.2    Fleischer, D.E.3    Benjamin, S.B.4
  • 41
    • 0030803694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of conscious sedation for lower and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations in children, adolescents, and young adults: a twelve-year review
    • Balsells F., Wyllie R., Kay M., and Steffen R. Use of conscious sedation for lower and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations in children, adolescents, and young adults: a twelve-year review. Gastrointest Endosc 45 (1997) 375-380
    • (1997) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.45 , pp. 375-380
    • Balsells, F.1    Wyllie, R.2    Kay, M.3    Steffen, R.4
  • 42
    • 27744533842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trained registered nurses/endoscopy teams can administer propofol safely for endoscopy
    • Rex D.K., Heuss L.T., Walker J.A., and Qi R. Trained registered nurses/endoscopy teams can administer propofol safely for endoscopy. Gastroenterology 129 (2005) 1384-1391
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 1384-1391
    • Rex, D.K.1    Heuss, L.T.2    Walker, J.A.3    Qi, R.4
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0025367160 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen desaturation is common and clinically underappreciated during elective endoscopic procedures
    • O'Connor K.W., and Jones S. Oxygen desaturation is common and clinically underappreciated during elective endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc 36 3 Suppl (1990) S2-S4
    • (1990) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.36 , Issue.3 SUPPL
    • O'Connor, K.W.1    Jones, S.2
  • 45
    • 27744470678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation with propofol for routine ERCP in high-risk octogenarians: a randomized, controlled study
    • Riphaus A., Stergiou N., and Wehrmann T. Sedation with propofol for routine ERCP in high-risk octogenarians: a randomized, controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol 100 (2005) 1957-1963
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 1957-1963
    • Riphaus, A.1    Stergiou, N.2    Wehrmann, T.3
  • 46
    • 0042574162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of propofol for conscious sedation during endoscopic procedures in high-risk patients-a prospective, controlled study
    • Heuss L.T., Schnieper P., Drewe J., Pflimlin E., and Beglinger C. Safety of propofol for conscious sedation during endoscopic procedures in high-risk patients-a prospective, controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol 98 (2003) 1751-1757
    • (2003) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.98 , pp. 1751-1757
    • Heuss, L.T.1    Schnieper, P.2    Drewe, J.3    Pflimlin, E.4    Beglinger, C.5
  • 47
    • 2342450681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol: a gastroenterologist's perspective
    • Vargo J.J. Propofol: a gastroenterologist's perspective. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 14 (2004) 313-323
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.14 , pp. 313-323
    • Vargo, J.J.1
  • 48
    • 0033067943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol in the endoscopy suite: an anesthesiologist's perspective
    • Graber R.G. Propofol in the endoscopy suite: an anesthesiologist's perspective. Gastrointest Endosc 49 (1999) 803-806
    • (1999) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.49 , pp. 803-806
    • Graber, R.G.1
  • 49
    • 0037128012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation for endoscopy: the safe use of propofol by general practitioner sedationists
    • Clarke A.C., Chiragakis L., Hillman L.C., and Kaye G.L. Sedation for endoscopy: the safe use of propofol by general practitioner sedationists. Med J Aust 176 (2002) 158-161
    • (2002) Med J Aust , vol.176 , pp. 158-161
    • Clarke, A.C.1    Chiragakis, L.2    Hillman, L.C.3    Kaye, G.L.4
  • 50
    • 0034761443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal function and airway protection during subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane: volunteers examined by pharyngeal videoradiography and simultaneous manometry
    • Sundman E., Witt H., Sandin R., et al. Pharyngeal function and airway protection during subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane: volunteers examined by pharyngeal videoradiography and simultaneous manometry. Anesthesiology 95 (2001) 1125-1132
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.95 , pp. 1125-1132
    • Sundman, E.1    Witt, H.2    Sandin, R.3
  • 53
    • 0842286952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: registered nurse-administered propofol sedation for endoscopy
    • Chen S.C., and Rex D.K. Review article: registered nurse-administered propofol sedation for endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 19 (2004) 147-155
    • (2004) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.19 , pp. 147-155
    • Chen, S.C.1    Rex, D.K.2
  • 54
    • 2342626653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update and review of moderate and deep sedation
    • Karan S.B., and Bailey P.L. Update and review of moderate and deep sedation. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 14 (2004) 289-312
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.14 , pp. 289-312
    • Karan, S.B.1    Bailey, P.L.2
  • 56
    • 0036165210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premedication, preparation, and surveillance
    • Bell G.D. Premedication, preparation, and surveillance. Endoscopy 34 (2002) 2-12
    • (2002) Endoscopy , vol.34 , pp. 2-12
    • Bell, G.D.1
  • 57
    • 0034060383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conscious sedation: is there a need for improvement?
    • Barawi M., and Gress F. Conscious sedation: is there a need for improvement?. Gastrointest Endosc 51 (2000) 365-368
    • (2000) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.51 , pp. 365-368
    • Barawi, M.1    Gress, F.2
  • 58
  • 59
    • 7444234860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in intravenous anaesthesia
    • Sneyd J.R. Recent advances in intravenous anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 93 (2004) 725-736
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , pp. 725-736
    • Sneyd, J.R.1
  • 61
    • 34547676654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol in a modified cyclodextrin formulation: first in man pharmacodynamics [Abstract]
    • Egan T.D., Kern S.E., and Johnson K.B. Propofol in a modified cyclodextrin formulation: first in man pharmacodynamics [Abstract]. Anesth Analg 102 (2006) S297
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102
    • Egan, T.D.1    Kern, S.E.2    Johnson, K.B.3
  • 62
    • 0041343200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics of the new propofol prodrug GPI 15715 in volunteers
    • Fechner J., Ihmsen H., Hatterscheid D., et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics of the new propofol prodrug GPI 15715 in volunteers. Anesthesiology 99 (2003) 303-313
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 303-313
    • Fechner, J.1    Ihmsen, H.2    Hatterscheid, D.3
  • 63
    • 26244438839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AQUAVAN injection, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, as a bolus injection: a phase I dose-escalation comparison with DIPRIVAN (part 1): pharmacokinetics
    • Gibiansky E., Struys M.M., Gibiansky L., et al. AQUAVAN injection, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, as a bolus injection: a phase I dose-escalation comparison with DIPRIVAN (part 1): pharmacokinetics. Anesthesiology 103 (2005) 718-729
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 718-729
    • Gibiansky, E.1    Struys, M.M.2    Gibiansky, L.3
  • 64
    • 26244464421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AQUAVAN injection, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, as a bolus injection: a phase I dose-escalation comparison with DIPRIVAN (part 2): pharmacodynamics and safety
    • Struys M.M., Vanluchene A.L., Gibiansky E., et al. AQUAVAN injection, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, as a bolus injection: a phase I dose-escalation comparison with DIPRIVAN (part 2): pharmacodynamics and safety. Anesthesiology 103 (2005) 730-743
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 730-743
    • Struys, M.M.1    Vanluchene, A.L.2    Gibiansky, E.3
  • 65
    • 14544287304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation with GPI 15715, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, using target-controlled infusion in volunteers
    • Fechner J., Ihmsen H., Schiessl C., et al. Sedation with GPI 15715, a water-soluble prodrug of propofol, using target-controlled infusion in volunteers. Anesth Analg 100 (2005) 701-706
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.100 , pp. 701-706
    • Fechner, J.1    Ihmsen, H.2    Schiessl, C.3
  • 67
    • 2342458412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled analgesia and sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy
    • Kulling D., Bauerfeind P., Fried M., and Biro P. Patient-controlled analgesia and sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 14 (2004) 353-368
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am , vol.14 , pp. 353-368
    • Kulling, D.1    Bauerfeind, P.2    Fried, M.3    Biro, P.4
  • 68
    • 0242269029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target-controlled drug delivery: progress toward an intravenous "vaporizer" and automated anesthetic administration
    • Egan T.D. Target-controlled drug delivery: progress toward an intravenous "vaporizer" and automated anesthetic administration. Anesthesiology 99 (2003) 1214-1219
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 1214-1219
    • Egan, T.D.1
  • 69
    • 0037385312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised crossover comparison of patient-controlled sedation and patient-maintained sedation using propofol
    • Rodrigo M.R., Irwin M.G., Tong C.K., and Yan S.Y. A randomised crossover comparison of patient-controlled sedation and patient-maintained sedation using propofol. Anaesthesia 58 (2003) 333-338
    • (2003) Anaesthesia , vol.58 , pp. 333-338
    • Rodrigo, M.R.1    Irwin, M.G.2    Tong, C.K.3    Yan, S.Y.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.