The culture of the WTO: Why it needs to change

Journal of International Economic Law

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 483-495

  Steger, Debra P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548454143     PISSN: 13693034     EISSN: 14643758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgm020     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. For an insider's perspective on that negotiation, see: Debra Steger, 'The World Trade Organization: A New Constitution for the Trading System', in Debra P. Steger (ed.), Peace Through Trade: Building the WTO (London: Cameron May, 2004) 25-46.
2. BISD, 42S/95, at ix.
3. Sylvia Ostry, 'The Uruguay Round North-South Grand Bargain: Implications for future negotiations', in Daniel L. M. Kennedy and James D. Southwick (eds), The Political Economy of International Trade Law, Essays in Honor of Robert E. Hudec (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) 285-300, at 299-300.
4. President of Russia, 'Meetings with Representatives of Various Communities', Speech presented at the XI Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum, June 10, 2007, Saint Petersburg, Russia, http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/ speeches/2007/06/10/1823_type84779_133685.shtml (visited 14 June 2007).
5. Ibid.
6. John H. Jackson, "The WTO 'Constitution' and Proposed Reforms: Seven 'Mantras' Revisited', 4 Journal of International Economic Law 67 (2001), at 71.
7. The General Council decision approving the accession of Ecuador to the WTO was taken by a majority vote in 1995. Since then, accessions and waivers have been approved by consensus in the General Council. See Steger, above n 1.
8. Report of the Consultative Board to the Director-General Supachai Panitchpakdi, The Future of the WTO: Addressing Institutional Challenges in the New Millennium (Geneva: World Trade Organization, 2004);
9. Stuart E. Eizenstat and Grant D. Aldonas, Co-chairs, Transatlantic Leadership for a New Global Economy, The Atlantic Council of the United States, Policy Paper April 2007 (Washington DC: The Atlantic Council of the United States, 2007).
10. The Sutherland Report, above n 8, Chapter II.
11. Protocol of Provisional Application, Article 5.
12. China was a contracting party to the GATT 1947, and did not formally withdraw but was not recognized by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES during the Maoist Regime.
13. WTO Secretariat, 'Understanding the WTO: The Organization, Members and Observers, 150 Members of 11 January 2007', http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/ whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm (visited 14 June 2007);
14. 'Accessions: Ongoing Accessions, Summary Table of Ongoing Accessions (Updated January 2007)', http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/status_e.htm (visited 14 June 2007). The countries in the process of accession are: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cap Verde, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanese Republic, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Montenegro, Russian Federation, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tonga, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu and Yemen.
15. Marrakesh Agreement, Article XV.
16. Except, of course, for the plurilateral agreements contained in Annex IV of the WTO Agreement, which have their own provisions on withdrawal.
17. Joost Pauwelyn, 'A Typology of Multilateral Treaty Obligations: Are WTO Obligations Bilateral or Collective in Nature?', 14 European Journal of International Law (2003), at 907-51;
18. Kyle Bagwell, Perros C. Mavroidis and Robert W. Staiger, 'It's a Question of Market Access', 96 American Journal of International Law (2002), at 56-76.
19. See Pauwelyn, above n 15, at 925-45.
20. Ostry, above n 3, at 299-300.
21. Above n 8.