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1
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▶ Aghakhani Y, Rosati A, Olivier A, et al. The predictive localizing value of tonic limb posturing in supplementary sensorimotor seizures. Neurology 2004:62(12);2256-2261.
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▶ Aghakhani Y, Rosati A, Olivier A, et al. The predictive localizing value of tonic limb posturing in supplementary sensorimotor seizures. Neurology 2004:62(12);2256-2261.
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▶ Anhoury S, Brown RJ, Krishnamoorthy ES, Trimble MR. Psychiatric outcome after temporal lobectomy: a predictive study. Epilepsia 2000;41(12);1608-1615.
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▶ Anhoury S, Brown RJ, Krishnamoorthy ES, Trimble MR. Psychiatric outcome after temporal lobectomy: a predictive study. Epilepsia 2000;41(12);1608-1615.
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3
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▶ Awad IA, Rosenfeld J, Ahl J, et al. Intractable epilepsy and structural lesions of the brain: mapping, resection strategies, and seizure outcome. Epilepsia 1991;32(2):179-186. A classic paper showing the importance of large and complete resections.
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▶ Awad IA, Rosenfeld J, Ahl J, et al. Intractable epilepsy and structural lesions of the brain: mapping, resection strategies, and seizure outcome. Epilepsia 1991;32(2):179-186. A classic paper showing the importance of large and complete resections.
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4
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▶ Berkovic SF, Azrimanoglou A, Kuzniecky R, et al. Hypothalamic hamartoma and seizures: a treatable epileptic encephalopathy. Epilepsia 2003;44(7):969-973. An important paper about a rare and treatable disease, showing the importance of stereotactic radiotherapy.
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▶ Berkovic SF, Azrimanoglou A, Kuzniecky R, et al. Hypothalamic hamartoma and seizures: a treatable epileptic encephalopathy. Epilepsia 2003;44(7):969-973. An important paper about a rare and treatable disease, showing the importance of stereotactic radiotherapy.
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5
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0036197353
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▶ Boon P, D'Have M, Van Walleghem P, et al. Direct medical costs of refractory epilepsy incurred by three different treatment modalities: a prospective assessment. Epilepsia 2002;43(1):96-102. An interesting European perspective demonstrating the economic, as well as medical, benefits of vagal nerve stimulation.
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▶ Boon P, D'Have M, Van Walleghem P, et al. Direct medical costs of refractory epilepsy incurred by three different treatment modalities: a prospective assessment. Epilepsia 2002;43(1):96-102. An interesting European perspective demonstrating the economic, as well as medical, benefits of vagal nerve stimulation.
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6
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0027284514
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▶ Chugani HT, Shewmon DA, Shields WD, et al. Surgery for intractable infantile spasms: neuroimaging perspectives. Epilepsia 1993;34(4):764-771. PET scans may guide surgical resection in patients with West syndrome. Very important, but needs confirmation.
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▶ Chugani HT, Shewmon DA, Shields WD, et al. Surgery for intractable infantile spasms: neuroimaging perspectives. Epilepsia 1993;34(4):764-771. PET scans may guide surgical resection in patients with West syndrome. Very important, but needs confirmation.
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7
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▶ Dalmagro CL, Bianchin MM, Velasco TR, et al. Clinical features of patients with posterior cortex epilepsies and predictors of surgical outcome. Epilepsia 2005;46(9):1442-1449.
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▶ Dalmagro CL, Bianchin MM, Velasco TR, et al. Clinical features of patients with posterior cortex epilepsies and predictors of surgical outcome. Epilepsia 2005;46(9):1442-1449.
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8
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▶ DeGiorgio C, Heck C, Bunch S, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: randomized comparison of three stimulation paradigms. Neurology 2005;65(2):317-319. Vagus nerve stimulation clearly reduces seizure frequency, but we do not yet know how to optimize stimulation parameters.
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▶ DeGiorgio C, Heck C, Bunch S, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: randomized comparison of three stimulation paradigms. Neurology 2005;65(2):317-319. Vagus nerve stimulation clearly reduces seizure frequency, but we do not yet know how to optimize stimulation parameters.
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9
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▶ Dodrill CB, Wilkins RF, Ojemann GA, et al. Multidisciplinary prediction of seizure relief from cortical resection surgery. Ann Neurol 1986;20(1):2-12.
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▶ Dodrill CB, Wilkins RF, Ojemann GA, et al. Multidisciplinary prediction of seizure relief from cortical resection surgery. Ann Neurol 1986;20(1):2-12.
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10
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▶ Engel J Jr, Wiebe S, French J, et al. Practice parameter: temporal lobe and localized neocortical resections for epilepsy: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, in association with the American Epilepsy Society and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurology 2003;60(4):538-547. Evidence-based analysis showing the effectiveness of temporal lobectomy and the possible effectiveness of other focal resections (Appendix E).
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▶ Engel J Jr, Wiebe S, French J, et al. Practice parameter: temporal lobe and localized neocortical resections for epilepsy: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, in association with the American Epilepsy Society and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurology 2003;60(4):538-547. Evidence-based analysis showing the effectiveness of temporal lobectomy and the possible effectiveness of other focal resections (Appendix E).
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11
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▶ Ergene E, Shih JJ, Blum DE, So NK. Frequency of bitemporal independence interictal epileptiform discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2000;41(2):213-218.
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▶ Ergene E, Shih JJ, Blum DE, So NK. Frequency of bitemporal independence interictal epileptiform discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2000;41(2):213-218.
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12
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▶ Federico P, Archer JS, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. Cortical/subcortical BOLD changes associated with epileptic discharges: an EEG-fMRI study at 3 T. Neurology 2005;64(7):1125-1130.
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▶ Federico P, Archer JS, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. Cortical/subcortical BOLD changes associated with epileptic discharges: an EEG-fMRI study at 3 T. Neurology 2005;64(7):1125-1130.
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▶ French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: treatment of refractory epilepsy: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee and Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology 2004;62(8):1261-1273. Evidence-based analysis of the effectiveness of new antiepileptic drugs (Appendix D).
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▶ French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: treatment of refractory epilepsy: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee and Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology 2004;62(8):1261-1273. Evidence-based analysis of the effectiveness of new antiepileptic drugs (Appendix D).
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14
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▶ Gaillard WD, Balsamo L, Xu B, et al. Language dominance in partial epilepsy patients identified with an fMRI reading task. Neurology 2002;59(2):256-265. fMRI studies may soon replace intracarotid amobarbital (Amytal) studies for evaluation of language lateralization.
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▶ Gaillard WD, Balsamo L, Xu B, et al. Language dominance in partial epilepsy patients identified with an fMRI reading task. Neurology 2002;59(2):256-265. fMRI studies may soon replace intracarotid amobarbital (Amytal) studies for evaluation of language lateralization.
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15
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▶ Hauser WA. Incidence and prevalence. In: Engel J Jr, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997:47-57.
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▶ Hauser WA. Incidence and prevalence. In: Engel J Jr, Pedley TA, eds. Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997:47-57.
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▶ Jobst BC, Siegel AM, Thadani VM, et al. Intractable seizures of frontal lobe origin: clinical characteristics, localizing signs, and results of surgery. Epilepsia 2000;41(9):1139-1152.
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▶ Jobst BC, Siegel AM, Thadani VM, et al. Intractable seizures of frontal lobe origin: clinical characteristics, localizing signs, and results of surgery. Epilepsia 2000;41(9):1139-1152.
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▶ Jobst BC, Williamson PD, Neuschwander TB, et al. Secondarily generalized seizures in mesial temporal epilepsy: clinical characteristics, lateralizing signs, and association with sleep-wake cycle. Epilepsia 2001;40:1279-1287.
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▶ Jobst BC, Williamson PD, Neuschwander TB, et al. Secondarily generalized seizures in mesial temporal epilepsy: clinical characteristics, lateralizing signs, and association with sleep-wake cycle. Epilepsia 2001;40:1279-1287.
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▶ Jokeit H, Ebner A. Long term effects of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy on cognitive abilities: a cross sectional study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67(1):44-50.
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▶ Jokeit H, Ebner A. Long term effects of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy on cognitive abilities: a cross sectional study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67(1):44-50.
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▶ Jones-Gotman M. Localization of lesions by neuropsychological testing. Epilepsia 1991;32(suppl 5):41-52.
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▶ Jones-Gotman M. Localization of lesions by neuropsychological testing. Epilepsia 1991;32(suppl 5):41-52.
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20
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▶ Kalnins RM, McIntosh A, Saling MM, et al. Subtle microscopic abnormalities in hippocampal sclerosis do not predict clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2004;45(8):940-947.
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▶ Kalnins RM, McIntosh A, Saling MM, et al. Subtle microscopic abnormalities in hippocampal sclerosis do not predict clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2004;45(8):940-947.
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21
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▶ Knake S, Triantafyllou C, Wald LL, et al. 3T phased array MRI improves the presurgical evaluation in focal epilepsies: a prospective study. Neurology 2005;65(7):1026-1031. Higher field-strength magnets may show lesions that are missed on routine studies.
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▶ Knake S, Triantafyllou C, Wald LL, et al. 3T phased array MRI improves the presurgical evaluation in focal epilepsies: a prospective study. Neurology 2005;65(7):1026-1031. Higher field-strength magnets may show lesions that are missed on routine studies.
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22
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▶ Knowlton RC, Elgavish R, Howell J, et al. Magnetic source imaging versus intracranial electroencephalogram in epilepsy surgery: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 2006;59(5):835-842. Magnetoencephalography may some day replace intracranial EEG recording, but not any time soon.
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▶ Knowlton RC, Elgavish R, Howell J, et al. Magnetic source imaging versus intracranial electroencephalogram in epilepsy surgery: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 2006;59(5):835-842. Magnetoencephalography may some day replace intracranial EEG recording, but not any time soon.
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23
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▶ Kossoff EH, Ritzl EK, Politsky JM, et al. Effect of an external responsive neurostimulator on seizures and electrographic discharges during subdural electrode monitoring. Epilepsia 2004;45(12):1560-1567. Demonstration of intracranial seizure detection and countershock as a treatment for refractory epilepsy, probably the wave of the future.
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▶ Kossoff EH, Ritzl EK, Politsky JM, et al. Effect of an external responsive neurostimulator on seizures and electrographic discharges during subdural electrode monitoring. Epilepsia 2004;45(12):1560-1567. Demonstration of intracranial seizure detection and countershock as a treatment for refractory epilepsy, probably the wave of the future.
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24
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▶ Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Refractory epilepsy: a progressive, intractable but preventable condition? Seizures 2002;11(2):77-84. An excellent long-term outcome study showing how medical therapy often fails.
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▶ Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Refractory epilepsy: a progressive, intractable but preventable condition? Seizures 2002;11(2):77-84. An excellent long-term outcome study showing how medical therapy often fails.
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25
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▶ Lee SK, Lee SY, Kim KK, et al. Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of cryptogenic neocortical epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2005;58(4):525-532.
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▶ Lee SK, Lee SY, Kim KK, et al. Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of cryptogenic neocortical epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2005;58(4):525-532.
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▶ Lutz MT, Clusmann H, Elger CE, et al. Neuropsychological outcome after selective amygdalohippocampectomy with transsylvian versus transcortical approach: a randomized prospective clinical trial of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2004;45(7):809-816. Neuropsychological outcomes are about the same, regardless of the surgical approach.
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▶ Lutz MT, Clusmann H, Elger CE, et al. Neuropsychological outcome after selective amygdalohippocampectomy with transsylvian versus transcortical approach: a randomized prospective clinical trial of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2004;45(7):809-816. Neuropsychological outcomes are about the same, regardless of the surgical approach.
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27
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▶ Maillard L, Vignal J-P, Gavaret M, et al. Semiologic and electrophysiologic correlations in temporal lobe seizure subtypes. Epilepsia 2004;45(12):1590-1599.
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▶ Maillard L, Vignal J-P, Gavaret M, et al. Semiologic and electrophysiologic correlations in temporal lobe seizure subtypes. Epilepsia 2004;45(12):1590-1599.
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▶ Mauguiere F, Ryvlin P. The role of PET in presurgical assessment of partial epilepsies. Epileptic Disord 2004;6(3):193-215.
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▶ Mauguiere F, Ryvlin P. The role of PET in presurgical assessment of partial epilepsies. Epileptic Disord 2004;6(3):193-215.
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▶ Mueller SG, Laxer K, Barakos JA, et al. Identification of the epileptogenic lobe in neocortical epilepsy with proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Epilepsia 2004;45(12):1580-1589.
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▶ Mueller SG, Laxer K, Barakos JA, et al. Identification of the epileptogenic lobe in neocortical epilepsy with proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Epilepsia 2004;45(12):1580-1589.
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▶ O'Brien TJ, So EL, Mullan BP, et al. Subtraction peri-ictal SPECT is predictive of extratemporal epilepsy surgery outcome. Neurology 2000;55(11):1668-1677. A major advance in localizing seizure foci and enabling surgery where it would otherwise not have been possible.
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▶ O'Brien TJ, So EL, Mullan BP, et al. Subtraction peri-ictal SPECT is predictive of extratemporal epilepsy surgery outcome. Neurology 2000;55(11):1668-1677. A major advance in localizing seizure foci and enabling surgery where it would otherwise not have been possible.
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▶ Pardo CA, Vining EP, Guo L, et al. The pathology of Rasmussen syndrome: stages of cortical involvement and neuropathological studies in 45 hemispherectomies. Epilepsia 2004;45(5):516-526.
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▶ Pardo CA, Vining EP, Guo L, et al. The pathology of Rasmussen syndrome: stages of cortical involvement and neuropathological studies in 45 hemispherectomies. Epilepsia 2004;45(5):516-526.
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▶ Patwardhan RV, Mathern GW. Surgical treatment therapy-resistant epilepsy. Continuum Lifelong Learning Neurol 2004;10(4):100-118.
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▶ Patwardhan RV, Mathern GW. Surgical treatment therapy-resistant epilepsy. Continuum Lifelong Learning Neurol 2004;10(4):100-118.
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▶ Penfield W, Jasper H. Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1954. A classic summary of older studies.
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▶ Penfield W, Jasper H. Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1954. A classic summary of older studies.
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▶ Regis J, Rey M, Bartolomei F, et al. Gamma knife surgery in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a prospective multicenter study. Epilepsia 2004;45(5):504-515.
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▶ Regis J, Rey M, Bartolomei F, et al. Gamma knife surgery in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a prospective multicenter study. Epilepsia 2004;45(5):504-515.
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▶ Semah F, Picot MC, Adam C, et al. Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence? Neurology 1998;51(5):1256-1262.
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▶ Semah F, Picot MC, Adam C, et al. Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence? Neurology 1998;51(5):1256-1262.
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▶ Siegel AM. Presurgical evaluation and surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Neurosurg Rev 2004;27(1):1-18. A very high-level review of the field with an extensive reference list.
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▶ Siegel AM. Presurgical evaluation and surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Neurosurg Rev 2004;27(1):1-18. A very high-level review of the field with an extensive reference list.
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▶ Sillanpaa M, Jalava M, Kaleva O, Shinnar S. Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood. N Eng J Med 1998;338(42):1715-1722.
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▶ Sillanpaa M, Jalava M, Kaleva O, Shinnar S. Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood. N Eng J Med 1998;338(42):1715-1722.
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▶ Spencer SS, Berg AT, Vickrey BG, et al. Predicting long-term seizure outcome after resective epilepsy surgery: the multicenter study. Neurology 2005;65(6):912-918.
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▶ Spencer SS, Berg AT, Vickrey BG, et al. Predicting long-term seizure outcome after resective epilepsy surgery: the multicenter study. Neurology 2005;65(6):912-918.
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▶ Spencer SS, Schramm J, Wyler A, et al. Multiple subpial transection for intractable partial epilepsy: an international meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2002;43(2):141-145.
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▶ Spencer SS, Schramm J, Wyler A, et al. Multiple subpial transection for intractable partial epilepsy: an international meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2002;43(2):141-145.
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▶ Sperling MR, O'Connor MJ, Saykin AJ, Plummer C. Temporal lobectomy for refractory epilepsy. JAMA 1996;276(6):470-475. Quality of life improves significantly in patients who become seizure free.
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▶ Sperling MR, O'Connor MJ, Saykin AJ, Plummer C. Temporal lobectomy for refractory epilepsy. JAMA 1996;276(6):470-475. Quality of life improves significantly in patients who become seizure free.
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▶ Sperling MR, Saykin AJ, Glasser G, et al. Predictors of outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy: the intracarotid amobarbital test. Neurology 1994;44(12):2325-2330. Unilateral memory failure on the intracarotid amobarbital test predicts successful outcome of surgery.
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▶ Sperling MR, Saykin AJ, Glasser G, et al. Predictors of outcome after anterior temporal lobectomy: the intracarotid amobarbital test. Neurology 1994;44(12):2325-2330. Unilateral memory failure on the intracarotid amobarbital test predicts successful outcome of surgery.
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42
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▶ Stephen LJ, Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Does the cause of localisation-related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptic drug treatment? Epilepsia 2001;42(3):357-362.
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▶ Stephen LJ, Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Does the cause of localisation-related epilepsy influence the response to antiepileptic drug treatment? Epilepsia 2001;42(3):357-362.
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▶ Temkin O. The falling sickness: a history of epilepsy from the Greeks to the beginnings of modern neurology. 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.
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▶ Temkin O. The falling sickness: a history of epilepsy from the Greeks to the beginnings of modern neurology. 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.
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▶ Thadani VM, Siegel A, Lewis P, et al. Validation of ictal single photon emission computed tomography with depth encephalography and epilepsy surgery. Neurosurgical Rev 2004;27(1):27-33.
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▶ Thadani VM, Siegel A, Lewis P, et al. Validation of ictal single photon emission computed tomography with depth encephalography and epilepsy surgery. Neurosurgical Rev 2004;27(1):27-33.
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▶ Theodore WH, Fisher RS. Brain stimulation for epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2004;3(2):111-118. An excellent review of what will be an increasingly important topic.
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▶ Theodore WH, Fisher RS. Brain stimulation for epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2004;3(2):111-118. An excellent review of what will be an increasingly important topic.
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46
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▶ Wada JA. Callosal bisection and transcallosal secondary antiepileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2005;46(suppl):2-6. A fine historical summary and unique theoretical insights from one of the great experts in the field.
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▶ Wada JA. Callosal bisection and transcallosal secondary antiepileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2005;46(suppl):2-6. A fine historical summary and unique theoretical insights from one of the great experts in the field.
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47
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▶ Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2001;345(5):311-318. A modern classic showing the superiority of surgical over medical therapy in one specific group of patients.
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▶ Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2001;345(5):311-318. A modern classic showing the superiority of surgical over medical therapy in one specific group of patients.
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48
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▶ Williamson PD, Spencer DD, Spencer SS, et al. Complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. Ann Neurol 1985;18(4):497-504. Meticulous observation led to the identification of a new syndrome. Bizarre, frequent, and nocturnal seizures are often frontal in origin.
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▶ Williamson PD, Spencer DD, Spencer SS, et al. Complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. Ann Neurol 1985;18(4):497-504. Meticulous observation led to the identification of a new syndrome. Bizarre, frequent, and nocturnal seizures are often frontal in origin.
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