Energy regulation in young people

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 327-336

  Dodd, Caroline J ^a  

^a NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Children; Diet; Energy expenditure; Obesity

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548432669     PISSN: None     EISSN: 13032968     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Anderson, G.H. (1995) Sugars, sweetness, and food intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 195S 201S.
2. Bandini, L.G., Schoeller, D.A. and Dietz, W.H. (1990) Energy expenditure in obese and nonobese adolescents. Pediatric Research 27, 198-203.
3. Bender, D.A. (2002) Introduction to Nutrition and Metabolism. Taylor and Francis, London.
4. Birch, L.L. and Deysher, M. (1986) Caloric compensation and sensory specific satiety: evidence for self regulation of food intake by young children. Appetite 7, 323-331.
5. Birch, L.L., McPhee, L. and Sullivan, S. (1989) Children's food intake following drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame: time course effects. Physiology and Behaviour 45, 387-395.
6. Black, A.E. (1996) Physical activity levels from a meta-analysis of doubly labeled water studies for validating energy intake as measured by dietary assessment. Nutrition Review 54, 170-4.
7. Blundell, J.E., Burley, V.J., Cotton, J.R. and Lawton, C.L. (1993) Dietary fat and the control of energy intake: evaluating the effects of fat on meal size and postmeal satiety. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 772S-777S.
8. Blundell, J.E., Goodson, S. and Halford, J.C. (2001) Regulation of appetite: role of leptin in signalling systems for drive and satiety. International Journal of Obesity 25 (Suppl 1), S29-S34.
9. Blundell, J.E. and King, N.A. (1999) Physical activity and regulation of food intake: current evidence. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31, S573-S583.
10. Cale, L. (1994) Self-report measures of children's physical activity: recommendations for future development and a new alternative measure. Health Education Journal 53, 439-453.
11. Carroll, K.K. (1998) Obesity as a risk factor for certain types of cancer. Lipids 33, 1055-1059.
12. Ceesay, S.M., Prentice, A.M., Day, K.C., Murgatroyd, P.R., Goldberg, G.R. and Scott, W. (1989) The use of heart rate monitoring in the estimation of energy expenditure: a validation study using indirect whole-body calorimetry. British Journal of Nutrition 61, 175 - 186.
13. Champagne, C.M., Baker, N.B., DeLany, J.P., Harsha, D.W. and Bray, G.A. (1998) Assessment of energy intake underreporting by doubly labelled water and observations on reported nutrient intakes in children. Journal of American Dietetic Association 98, 426-433.
14. Chinn, S. and Rona, R.J. (2001) Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies of British children, 1974-94. British Medical Journal 322, 24-26.
15. Chinn, S. and Rona, R.J. (2002) International definitions of overweight and obesity for children: a lasting solution? Annuals of Human Biology 29, 306-313.
16. Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, C., Flegal, K.M. and Dietz, W.H. (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. British Medical Journal 320, 1240-1243.
17. Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V. and Preece, M.A. (1995) Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. Archives of Disease in Childhood 73, 25-9.
18. Dempster, P. and Aitkins, S. (1995) A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27, 1692-1697.
19. Department of Health (1989) Report on Health and Social Subjects: 36. The Diets of British Schoolchildren. London: HMSO.
20. Department of Health (1991) Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom / report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. London: HMSO.
21. Dewit, O., Fuller, N.J., Fewtrell, M.S., Elia, M. and Wells, J.C. (2000) Whole body air displacement plethysmography compared with hydrodensitometry for body composition analysis. Archives of Disease in Childhood 82, 159-164.
22. Diaz, E.O., Prentice, A.M., Goldberg, G.R., Murgatroyd, P.R. and Coward, W.A. (1992) Metabolic response to experimental overfeeding in lean and overweight healthy volunteers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 641-655.
23. Dietz, W.H. and Bellizzi, M.C. (1999) Introduction: the use of body mass index to assess obesity in children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 123-125.
24. Dodd, C.J. (2005) Energy intake and appetite responses to exercise in girls. Ph.D. thesis, University of Exeter.
25. Duffy, G. and Spence, S.H. (1993) The effectiveness of cognitive self-management as an adjunct to a behavioural intervention for childhood obesity: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34, 1043-1050.
26. Dwyer, T. and Blizzard, C.L. (1996) Defining obesity in children by biological endpoint rather than population distribution. International Journal of Obesity 20, 472-480.
27. 18O) method for the measurement of energy expenditure in children. European Journal of Applied Physiology 65, 99-103.
28. Epstein, L.H., Paluch, R.A., Gordy, C.C. and Dorn, J. (2000) Decreasing sedentary behaviors in treating pediatric obesity. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 154, 220-226.
29. Epstein, L.H., Valoski, A.M., Vara, L.S., McCurley, J., Wisniewski, L., Kalarchian, M.A., Klein, K.R. and Shrager, L R. (1995) Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children. Health Psychology 14, 109-115.
30. Epstein, L.H., Wing, R.R., Koeske, R. and Valoski, A. (1985b) A comparison on lifestyle exercise, aerobic exercise, and calisthenics on weight loss in obese children. Behaviour Therapy 16, 345-356.
31. Epstein, L.H., Wing, R.R., Penner, B.C. and Kress, M.J. (1985a) Effect of diet and controlled exercise on weight loss in obese children. Journal of Pediatrics 107, 358-361.
32. Fagot-Campagna, A., Venkat Narayan, K.M. and Imperatore, G. (2001) Type 2 diabetes in children. British Medical Journal 322, 377-378.
33. Fields, D.A. and Goran, M.I. (2000) Body composition techniques and the four - compartment model in children. Journal of Applied Physiology 89, 613-620.
34. Flatt, J.P. (1995) Use and storage of carbohydrate and fat. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 952S-959S.
35. Gilliam, T.B., Freedson, P.S., Geenen, D.L. and Shahraray (1981) Physical activity patterns determined by heart rate monitoring in 6-7 year old children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 13, 65-67.
36. Gillis, L.J., Kennedy, L.C., Gillis, A.M. and Bar-Or, O. (2002) Relationship between juvenile obesity, dietary energy and fat intake and physical activity. International Journal of Obesity 26, 458-463.
37. Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.A., Cole, T.J., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A. and Prentice, A.M. (1991) Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify underrecording. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 569-581.
38. Goran, M., Reynolds, K.D. and Lindquist, C.H. (1999) Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children. International Journal of Obesity 23, S18 - S33.
39. Goran, M.I., Hunter, G., Nagy, T.R. and Johnson, R. (1997) Physical activity related energy expenditure and fat mass in young children. International Journal of Obesity 21, 171-178.
40. Graves, T., Meyers, A.W. and Clark, L. (1988) An evaluation of parental problem-solving training in the behavioral treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology 56, 246-250.
41. Gregory, J., Lowe, S., Bates, C.J., Prentice, A M., Jackson, L.V., Smithers, G., Wenlock, R. and Farron, M. (2000) National diet and nutrition survey : young people aged 4 to 18 years. a survey carried out in Great Britain on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Departments of Health by the Social Survey Division of the Office for National Statistics and Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research / Vol.1, Report of the diet and nutrition survey. London: HMSO.
42. Hägg, A., Jacobson, T., Nordlund, G. and Rossner, S. (1998) Effects of milk or water on lunch intake in pre-school children. Appetite 31, 83-92.
43. Harro, M. and Riddoch, C. (2000) Physical activity. In: Paediatric Exercise Science and Medicine. Eds: Armstrong, N. and Van Mechelen, W. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. Hoos, M.B., Gerver, W.J., Kester, A.D. and Westerterp, K.R. (2003) Physical activity levels in children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 27, 605-609.
45. Horton, T.J., Drougas, H.J., Sharp, T.A., Martinez, L.R., Reed, G.W. and Hill, J.O. (1994) Energy balance in endurance-trained female cyclists and untrained controls. Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 1936-1945.
46. Hubert, P., King, N.A. and Blundell, J.E. (1998) Uncoupling the effects of energy expenditure and energy intake: Appetite responses to short-term energy deficit induced by meal omission and physical activity. Appetite 31, 9-19.
47. Israel, A.C., Guile, C.A., Baker, J.E. and Silverman, W.K. (1994) An evaluation of enhanced self-regulation training in the treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 19, 737-749.
48. Jebb, S.A. and Prentice, A.M. (2001) Single definition of overweight and obesity should be used. British Medical Journal 323, 439.
49. Kiess, W., Reich, A., Muller, G., Galler, A., Kapellen, T., Raile, K., Bottner, A., Seidel, B. and Kratzsch, J. (2001) Obesity in childhood and adolescence: clinical diagnosis and management. Journal Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 14, 1431-1440.
50. King, N.A. (1999) What processes are involved in the appetite response to moderate increases in exercise-induced energy expenditure? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, 107-113.
51. King, N.A. and Blundell, J.E. (1995) High-fat foods overcome the energy expenditure induced by high-intensity cycling or running. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 114-123.
52. King, N.A., Snell, L., Smith, R.D. and Blundell, J.E. (1996) Effects of short-term exercise on appetite responses in unrestrained females. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 663-7.
53. Kumanyika, S., Jeffery, R. W., Morabia, A., Ritenbaugh, C. and Antipatis, V.J. (2002) Obesity prevention: the case for action. International Journal of Obesity 26, 425-436.
54. Livingstone, M.B., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Ceesay, S.M., Strain, J.J., McKenna, P.G., Nevin, G.B., Barker, M.E. and Hickey, R.J. (1990) Simultaneous measurement of free-living energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method and heart-rate monitoring. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 59-65.
55. Livingstone, M.B., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Strain, J.J., Black, A.E., Davies, P.S., Stewart, C.M., McKenna, P.G. and Whitehead, R.G. (1992) Validation of estimates of energy intake by weighed dietary record and diet history in children and adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 29-35.
56. Livingstone, M.B. and Robson, P.J. (2000) Measurement of dietary intake in children. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 279-293.
57. Livingstone, M.B., Robson, P.J. and Totton, M. (2000) Energy expenditure by heart rate in children: an evaluation of calibration techniques. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32, 1513-1519.
58. Livingstone, M.B.E. (2000) Epidemiology of childhood obesity in Europe. European Journal of Pediatrics 159, S14-S34.
59. Lluch, A., King, N.A. and Blundell, J.E. (1998) Exercise in dietary restrained women: no effect on energy intake but change in hedonic ratings. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 300-307.
60. Lobstein, T.J., James, W.P. and Cole, T J. (2003) Increasing levels of excess weight among children in England. International Journal of Obesity 27, 1136-1138.
61. Maffeis, C., Talamini, G. and Tato, L. (1998) Influence of diet, physical activity and parents' obesity on children's adiposity: a four-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metaboblic Disorders 22, 758-764.
62. Maffeis, C., Zaffanello, M. and Schutz, Y. (1997) Relationship between physical inactivity and adiposity in prepubertal boys. Journal of Pediatrics 131, 288-292.
63. Manore, M. and Thompson, J. (2000) Sport Nutrition for Health and Performance, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
64. McGloin, A.F., Livingstone, M.B., Greene, L.C., Webb, S.E., Gibson, J.M., Jebb, S.A., Cole, T.J., Coward, W.A., Wright, A. and Prentice, A.M. (2002) Energy and fat intake in obese and lean children at varying risk of obesity. International Journal of Obesity 26, 200-207.
65. Moore, M.S., Dodd, C.J., Welsman, J.R. and Armstrong, N. (2004) Short-term appetite and energy intake following imposed exercise in 9- to 10-year-old girls. Appetite 43, 127-134.
66. Mrosovsky, N. and Powley, T.L. (1977) Set points for body weight and fat. Behavioural Biology 20, 205-223.
67. Must, A. and Strauss, R.S. (1999) Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. International Journal of Obesity 23, S2-S11.
68. NICE see National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 2006. Obesity: guidance on the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. (NICE publication 43) [internet]. London: NICE (published 2006) Available from URL: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/ CG43/niceguidance/word/English [cited 18 March 2007].
69. Prentice, A.M. and Jebb, S.A. (1995) Obesity in Britain: gluttony or sloth? British Medical Journal 311, 437-439.
70. Prentice, A.M. and Jebb, S.A. (2001) Beyond body mass index. Obesity Review 2, 141-147.
71. Prentice, A.M., Leavesley, K., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A., Schorah, C.J., Bladon, P.T. and Hullin, R.P. (1989) Is severe wasting in elderly mental patients caused by an excessive energy requirement? Age and Ageing 18, 158-167.
72. Reilly, J.J., Dorosty, A.R. and Emmett, P.M. (1999) Prevalence of overweight and obesity in British children. British Medical Journal 319, 1039.
73. Rolls, B.J. and Hammer, V.A. (1995) Fat, carbohydrate, and the regulation of energy intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 1086S-1095S.
74. Rolls, B.J. and Roe, L.S. (2002) Effect of the volume of liquid food infused intragastrically on satiety in women. Physiology and Behaviour 76, 623-631.
75. Rowland, T. (2005) Children's Exercise Physiology, Human Kinetics, Leeds.
76. Sabin, M.A., Crowne, E.C. and Shield, J.P.H. (2004) The prognosis in childhood obesity. Current Paediatrics 14, 110-114.
77. SIGN see Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2003. Management of obesity in children and young people: a national clinical guideline. (SIGN publication 69) [internet]. Edinburgh: SIGN (Published 2003). Available from URL: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign69.pdf [cited 20 March 2007].
78. Smithers, G., Gregory, J., Coward, W.A., Wright, A., Elsom, R. and Wenlock, R. (1998) British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people aged 4 to 18 years: feasibility study of the dietary assessment methodology. Abstracts of the Third International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, S76.
79. Speakman, J.R. (2003) Obesity: Part two - The biology of body weight regulation. Biology 50, 69-74.
80. Steinbeck K.S, Baur L.A, Morris A.M, Ghersi D. (2006) A proposed protocol for the development of a register of trials of weight management of childhood overweight and obesity. International Journal of Obesity 30, 2-5.
81. Stubbs, R.J. (1999) Peripheral signals affecting food intake. Nutrition 15, 614-625.
82. Stubbs, R.J., Sepp, A., Hughes, D.A., Johnstone, A.M., Horgan, G.W., King, N. and Blundell, J. (2002a) The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living men, consuming their normal diet. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 129-140.
83. Stubbs, R.J., Sepp, A., Hughes, D.A., Johnstone, A.M., King, N., Horgan, G.W. and Blundell, J.E. (2002b) Short Communication: The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living women. International Journal of Obesity 26, 866-869.
84. Summerbell C.D, Ashton V, Campbell K.J, Edmunds L, Kelly S, Waters E. (2003) Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 3, Art. No.: CD001872. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001872.
85. Torun, B., Davies, P.S., Livingstone, M.B., Paolisso, M., Sackett, R. and Spurr, G.B. (1996) Energy requirements and dietary energy recommendations for children and adolescents 1 to 18 years old. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50(Suppl 1), S37-80; discussion S80-S81.
86. Treuth, M.S., Figueroa-Colon, R., Hunter, G.R., Weinsier, R.L., Butte, N.F. and Goran, M.I. (1998) Energy expenditure and physical fitness in overweight vs non-overweight prepubertal girls. International Journal of Obesity 22, 440-447.
87. Trost, S.G., Kerr, L.M., Ward, D.S. and Pate, R.R. (2001) Physical activity and determinants of physical activity in obese and nonobese children. International Journal of Obesity 25, 822-829.
88. Tucker, L.A., Seljaas, G.T. and Hager, R.L. (1997) Body fat percentage of children varies according to their diet composition. Journal of American Dietetic Association 97, 981-986.
89. Twisk, J.W.R. (2007) Physical activity and health. In: Paediatric Exercise Physiology. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier, London.
90. Warschburger, P., Fromme, C., Petermann, F., Wojtalla, N. and Oepen, J. (2001) Conceptualisation and evaluation of a cognitivebehavioural training programme for children and adolescents with obesity. International Journal of Obesity 25(Suppl 1), S93-S95.
91. Weir, J.B. (1949) New method for calculating metabolic rate and special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 1-9.
92. Wells, J.C.K. (2000) A Hattori chart analysis of body mass index in infants and children. International Journal of Obesity 24, 325-329.
93. Westerterp, K.R., Meijer, G.A., Janssen, E.M., Saris, W.H. and Ten Hoor, F. (1992) Long-term effect of physical activity on energy balance and body composition. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 21-30.
94. Wilson, J. F. (1991) Preschool children maintain intake of other foods at a meal including sugared chocolate milk. Appetite 16, 61-67.
95. Wilson, J.F. (1994) Does type of milk beverage affect lunchtime eating patterns and food choice by preschool children? Appetite 23, 90-92.
96. Wilson, J.F. (1999) Preschoolers' mid-afternoon snack intake is not affected by lunchtime food consumption. Appetite 33, 319-327.
97. Zandstra, E.H., Mathey, M.F., Graaf, C. and van Staveren, W.A. (2000) Short-term regulation of food intake in children, young adults and the elderly. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 239-246.