Hamas in power

Middle East Journal

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 442-459

  Klein, Menachem ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISLAMISM; POLITICAL IDEOLOGY; POLITICAL ORGANIZATION; POLITICAL POWER;

EID: 34548429235     PISSN: 00263141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3751/61.3.13     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Amos Oz, How to Cure a Fanatic (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), p. 51.
2. Hamas, "Islamic Charter," http://www.myisraelsource.com /content/charterhamas.
3. Tzvi Bar'el and Amon Regular, "Al-Zahar: Eini Mitnaged Lemasa Umatan im Israel" ["I Do Not Oppose Negotiation with Israel,",Ha'aretz, April 27, 2006.
4. Martin Seliger, "Fundamental and Operative Ideology: The Two Principal Dimensions of Political Argumentation," Policy Science, Vol. 1 (1970), pp. 325-338.
5. Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Islam in Modern History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957), p. 36.
6. Uri Nir, "Orekh Ruah VeKama Sipukei Beinayim" ["Patient and Few Interim Achievements"], Ha'aretz, January 5, 1995.
7. Reuven Paz, Sleeping with the Enemy: A Reconciliation Process As Part of Counter-Terrorism: Is Hamas Capable of 'Hudna?' (Herzliya: The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, 1998), p. 4;
8. Jawad al-Hamadi and Iyad Barghouthi, Dirasa fi'l-Fikr al-Siyyasi li-Harkat al-Maqawimah al-Islamiyya Hamas 1987-1996 [Studies in the Political Thought of Hamas 1987-1996] (Amman: Markaz Dirasat al-Sharq al-Awsat, 1996), pp. 66, 120-122, 125-135.
9. Menachem Klein, "Competing Brothers: The Web of Hamas-PLO Relations," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Summer 1996), pp. 111-132;
10. also published in Efraim Inbar and Brace Maddy-Weizman, eds., Religious Radicalism in the Greater Middle East (London: Frank Cass, 1996), pp. 111-132.
11. "Hamas: Divrey Hasheikh Yassin Batelevisia Hayu Gibuv Devarim Lelo Shaha" ["Hamas: Shaykh Yassin Statements on Israeli TV Were Nonsense"], Ha'aretz, May 5, 1996;
12. Bechor Gai, "Hanhagat HaHamas Bashtahim Maskima Lehirnana Mepeilut Tzvait Mitoch Ezori Harashut" ["Hamas Leadership in the Teritorfies Agrees to Hold Armed Struggle from the Palestinian Authority Areas"], Ha'aretz, October 10, 1995;
13. Yerah Tal and Amira Hass, "CNN: Erev Nission Hahitnakshut Hetzia Hamas Lelsrael Hafsakat Hapiguim L-10 Shanim" ["CNN: On the Eve of the Assassination Trial, Hamas Offered to Israel to Stop the Attacks"], Ha'aretz, October 6, 1997;
14. Amira Hass, "Hamas: Hamafteah Lahafuga Beyedi Israel" ["Hamas: the Key to Ceasefire is in Israel's Hand"], Ha'aretz, October 8, 1997;
15. Danny Rubinstein, "Rantisi Hetzia Hasakat Esh Yamim Ahadim Lifnei Hapigua Bamidrahov" ["Rantisi Offered Ceasefire Few Days Before the Attack in the Pedestrian"], Ha'aretz, 9, 1997;
16. "Israil wa-Amrica Turahiban" ["Israel and America Congratulate"], Al-Quds, April 30 1999, p. 1;
17. "Al-Malik Husayn: Naqaltu Ila Israil Ard Hamas" ["King Husayn: I Delivered Hamas' Offer to Israel"], Al-Quds, October 9, 1997;
18. "Al-Sheikh Ahmad Yassin Za'im Hamas Liatba'ihi Tawq 'i Hudna Ma' Isra'il Mumkin" ["Hamas Leader Shaykh Ahmad Yassin to His Followers: It's Possible to Sign a Ceasfire"], al-Wassat, November 1, 1993, pp. 10-19;
19. "Al-Wasat Tunshir Awraq Hamas al-Sirriyya" ["Al-Wasat Reveals Hamas' Secret Documents"], Al-Wasat, December 25, 1995, pp. 16-18;
20. "Al-Wasat Tunshir Awraq Hamas al-Sirriyya" ["Al-Wasat Reveals Hamas' Secret Documents"], Al-Wasat, January 1, 1996.
21. Amira Hass, "Bahamas Lokchim Becheshbon Hadrisha Lehafsik Hapiguim" ["Hamas Takes into Account the Demand to Hold the Attacks"], Ha'aretz, September 23, 2001.
22. Amira Hass, "HaDiagnoza shel HaDoctor Rantisi" ["Dr. Rantisi's Diagnosis"], Ha'aretz, June 20, 2003.
23. Arnon Regular, "Hamas: Nishtatef Bashilton Raq Behitnatqut Had Tzdadit" ["Hamas: We Will Enter the Authority Only if Israel Disengages Unilaterally"], Ha'aretz, August 15, 2004.
24. "Nazal li-l-Ayyam: Hamas Lan Tusharik Fi'l-Hukuma" ["Nazzal to Al-Ayyam: Hamas Will Not Join the Cabinet"], Al-Ayyam, March 15, 2005, p. 1.
25. "Al-Zahar wa-Haniyya wa-Siam wa Yusuf Fi Muqadimat Qimat Hamas Li'l-intikhabat" ["al-Zahar, Haniyya, Siam and Yussuf on the Top of Hamas List"], Al-Ayyam, December 1, 2005, p. 1;
26. "Hamas Tunshir Asma' Murashihiha" ["Hamas Publishes Its List"], Al-Ayyam, December 5, 2005, p. 1;
27. Arnon Regular, "Hamushim MehaFatah Hishtaltu Al Misradei Va'adat Habehirot" ["Fatah Armed Men Took Over the Elections Committee Offices"], Ha'aretz, December 14, 2005;
28. Arnon Regular, "HaMatarah: 60 Ahuzho MeMoshavei HaParliament, Lo Batu'ah Shehi Dimyonit" ["The Goal: 60% of Parliament Seats, Not Sure It's Impossible"], Ha 'aretz, December 11, 2005.
29. Arnon Regular, "HaFatah Mefutzal HaHamas Tzafui Leharviach" ["Fatah Is Divided, Hamas Is Expected to Gain"], Ha'aretz, January 24, 2006.
30. Regular, "HaMatarah: 60 Ahuzho;" al-Zahar wa-Haniyeh;" Arnon Regular, "Hamas Mitmoded Be-56 Rashuiot Umitlabet Legabi Hemshech Hapiguim" ["Hamas Runs in 56 Localities and Debates on Continuing Attacks"], Ha'aretz, September 29, 2005.
31. Tzvi Bar'el, "When Yussuf Al-Qoqa Became Shahid," Ha'aretz, June 20, 2006.
32. Isma'il Haniyya, "Nass al-Bayan al-Wizari wa-al-Tashkiliyya al-Wizariyya li-Hukumat Haniyya" ["Text of the Ministerial Agreement and the Formation of the Ministry of the Haniyya Government"'], http://www.maannews.net/ar/ do.php?name=News&file=print&sid=23249;
33. Isma'il Haniyya, "Mashru' al-Barnamaj al-Siyyasi li-Hukumat al-Itilaf al-Watani" ["Plan of the Political Program of the National Coalition Government"], http://www.palestine-info.net /Arabic/palestoday/report2006_1/16_3_06.html and http://www.jmcc.org/new /06/mar/hamasprog2.htm.
34. Isma'il Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama li-Barnamaj Hukumat Hamas" ["Principles of the Program of the Hamas Government"], al-Ayyam and al-Quds, March 12, 2006.
35. Isma'il Haniyya, "al-Mabadi al-'Ama li-Barnamij Hukumat Hamas" ["Principles of the Program of the Hamas Government," Draft B], http://www.ynet.co.il (in Hebrew).
36. Mahmud al-Zahar, "Letter written by Palestinian Minister for Foreign Affairs to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan," http://www.jmcc.org /new/06/apr/zahharlet.htm, April 4, 2006.
37. Hamas' Islamic Charter seems to preclude any eventual recognition of Israel through its Article 11: "The Islamic Resistance Movement believes that the land of Palestine has been an Islamic Waqf throughout the generations and until the Day of Resurrection, no one can renounce it or part of it, or abandon it or part of it. No Arab country nor the aggregate of all Arab countries, and no Arab King or President nor all of them in the aggregate, have that right, nor has that right any organization or the aggregate of all organizations, be they Palestinian or Arab, because Palestine is an Islamic Waqf throughout all generations and to the Day of Resurrection." But the PLO Covenant, though justified differently, also precluded compromise so long as the PLO adhered strictly to it. Both movements have moved away gradually from the romantic and holistic view expressed in each of their founding documents. Hamas, "Islamic Charter," http://www.myisraelsource. com/content/charterhamas.
38. Klein, "Competing Brothers: The Web of Hamas-PLO Relations."
39. Under which Fatah and Hamas agreed upon a ceasefire with Israel, as well as the ability of Hamas to run in the local and general elections and the terms under which Hamas would integrate into the PLO. "I'lan al-Qahira yu'akid darurat istikmal al-islahat al-shamila" ["Cairo Declaration Stresses the Need to Conclude Comprehensive Reforms"], al-Quds, March 18, 2005, p. 1.
40. It is interesting to note that, while the party platform devotes a great deal of space to education, Haniyya included only one general sentence on the subject in his inauguration speech. He said only that the educational system needed to be revitalized, and that it had to be developed through the use of new research, while preserving self-identity.
41. The Islamic Charter restricts women to classic female roles as mothers who raise fighters and as housewives, while the party platform speaks of gender equality.
42. Nathan J. Brown, Palestinian Politics After the Oslo Accords: Resuming Arab Palestine (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), pp. 94-137.
43. Arnon Regular, "Mispar 2 Bereshimat Hamas: Nenahel Masaumatan Tov Yoter Meaherim" ["Number Two in Hamas: We Will Negotiate Better Than Others"], Ha'aretz, January 15, 2006.
44. Arnon Regular, "Al Zahar Meayem Nahtof Od Israelim" ["Al-Zahar Threatens We Will Kidnap More Soldiers"], Ha'aretz, October 26, 2005.
45. Haniyya, "Nass al-Bayan;"
46. Haniyya, "Mashru' al-Barnamaj."
47. Haniyya, " al-Mabadi al-A'ma."
48. Arnon Regular, "Al Zahar Meayem."
49. Al-Jazeera, October 22, 2005, in American Task Force for Palestine Daily News, October 24, 2005;
50. Amira Hass, "Efshar Lahsokh Dam VeZeman; Azvu Otanu BeGevulot 67 VeLo Tehiyeh Lachem 'Avodah" ["You Can Save Blood and Time, Leave Us in '67 Borders and You Will Not Have to Operate"], Ha'aretz, Febuary 5, 2006.
51. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi al-'Ama;"
52. Haniyya, "Nas al-Biyan."
53. Hass, "Efshar Lahsokh."
54. Arnon Regular, "Mishal: Nityahes Ma'asit Leheskemim Haqayamim" ["Mishal: We Will Relate Practically to the Existing Agreements"], Ha'aretz, January 29, 2006.
55. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi al-'Ama;"
56. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi al-A'ma" (Draft B).
57. Regular, "Al Zahar Meayem."
58. Regular, "Mispar 2;"
59. Arnon Regular, "Haniyeh: Lo Nevater Al Yerushalyim Vehashiva" ["We Will Not Give Up Jerusalem and the Right of Return"], Ha'aretz, January 27, 2006;
60. Regular, "Mishal: Nityahes;"
61. Arnon Regular, "Iran Hetzia Siyua Kalkali Larashut Behnhagat Hamas" ["Iran Offers Economic Aid to Hamas-Led Authority"], Ha'aretz , Febuary 23, 2006;
62. Hass, "Efshar Lahsokh;" "Khaled Mish'al: La Salam Qabal al-Insihab al-Israeli Min Al-Aradi al-Muhtala A'm 1967" ["Khalid Mish'al: No Peace Before Israeli Withdrawal from 1967 Occupied Territories"], Al-Quds, March 5, 2006;
63. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama;"
64. Haniyya, "Nass al-Bayan."
65. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama;"
66. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama" (Draft B).
67. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama" (Draft B);
68. Hass, "Efshar Lahsokh;" "Khaled Mish'al: La Salam Qabal al-Insihab al-Israeli."
69. Haniyya, "Mashru ' al-Barnamaj;"
70. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi al-'Ama."
71. International Crisis Group, "Palestinians, Israelis and the Quartet: Pulling Back from the Brink," Middle East Report, No. 54 (June 2006), p. 9.
72. Haniyya, "Mashru' al-Barnamaj;"
73. Haniyya, "al-Mabadi al-'Ama."
74. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama."
75. Haniyya, "Nass al-Bayan;"
76. Haniyya, "Mashru' al-Barnamaj."
77. Haniyya, "Mashru' al-Barnamaj."
78. Haniyya, "Nass al-Bayan."
79. Agence France Presse, April 26, 2006.
80. International Crisis Group, "Palestinians, Israelis and the Quartet," p. 9.
81. Hass, "Efshar Lahsokh."
82. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama."
83. Haniyya, "Al-Mabadi' al-'Ama."
84. Haniyya, "Mashru' al-Barnamaj."
85. "Mish'al La Salam."
86. Haniyya, "Nass al-Bayan."
87. al-Zahar, "Letter written by Palestinian Minister for Foreign Affairs."
88. al-Zahar, "Letter written by Palestinian Minister for Foreign Affairs."