Population displacement and housing dilemmas due to catastrophic disasters

Journal of Planning Literature

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 3-15

  Levine, Joyce N ^a   Esnard, Ann Margaret ^a   Sapat, Alka ^a  

^a FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Affordable housing; Disasters; Emergency management; Population displacement; Social vulnerability

Indexed keywords

AFFORDABLE HOUSING; CATASTROPHIC EVENT; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; NATURAL DISASTER; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 34548416322     PISSN: 08854122     EISSN: 15526593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0885412207302277     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. APX News Ltd. 2006. Katrina spawns cottage industry. AFX International Focus, 5 July. http://web.lexis-nexis.com.ezproxy.fau.edu/universe/ document?_m=08b2a9db0139a87b478940045559ade5&_docnum=3&wchp= dGLbVtb-zSkVA&_md5=95526c903c8c735ba7515580dde17713 (accessed March 15, 2007).
2. Alpert, B. 2006. Federal bill strips FEMA of housing duties; 'trailer cities' also would be avoided. New Orleans Times-Picayune, 18 May, 16A.
3. American Planning Association. 2004. Housing choice in North Carolina: Scoping session summary. http://www.planning.org/housingchoice/pdf/ ncsummary.pdf. (accessed August 29, 2006).
4. Auvinen, J., and E.W. Nafziger. 1999. The sources of humanitarian emergencies. Journal of Conflict Resolution 43 (3): 267-290.
5. Axtman, K. 2005. As shelters close, trailer towns open for storm evacuees. The Christian Science Monitor, October 18. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1018/p01s02-ussc.htm (accessed November 1, 2005).
6. Azam, J., I. Arqade, and A. Hoeffler. 2002. Violence against civilians in civil wars: Looting or terror? Journal of Peace Research 39 (4): 461-485.
7. Barnett, J. 2003. Redesigning cities: Principles, practice, implementation. Chicago, IL: Planners Press.
8. Birkland, T.A. 1996. Natural disasters as focusing events: Policy communities and political response. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14 (2): 221-243.
9. Birkland T.A. 1997. After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
10. Birkland T.A. 2006. Lessons of disaster: Policy change after catastrophic events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
11. Bogard, W.C. 1989. Bringing social theory to hazards research: Conditions and consequences of the mitigation of environmental hazards. Sociological Perspectives 31: 147-168.
12. Bohle, H.G., T.E. Downing, and M.J. Watts. 1994. Climate change and social vulnerability: The sociology and geography of food insecurity. Global Environmental Change 4: 37-48.
13. Bolin, R. 1985. Disasters and long-term recovery policy: A focus on housing and families. Policy Studies Review 4 (4): 709-715.
14. Boruff, B.J., C. Emrich and S.L. Cutter. 2005. Erosion hazard vulnerability of U.S. coastal counties. Journal of Coastal Research 21 (5): 932-942.
15. Bourne, J.K., Jr. 2004. Gone with the water. National Geographic, October. http://205.188.130.53/ngm/0410/feature5/index.html (accessed September 7, 2005).
16. Burby, R. J., ed. 1998. Natural hazards and land use: An introduction. In Cooperating with nature: Confronting natural hazards with land use planning for sustainable communities, ed. R. J. Burby, 1-26. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press.
17. Burby, R.J. 2006. Hurricane Katrina and the paradoxes of government disaster policy: Bringing about wise governmental decisions for hazardous areas. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 604: 171-191.
18. Burby, R.J., L.J. Steinberg, and V. Basolo. 2003. The tenure trap: The vulnerability of renters to joint natural and technological hazards. Urban Affairs Review 39 (1): 32-58.
19. Carman, E.C., B. Bluestone, and E. White. 2003. Building on our heritage: A housing strategy for smart growth and economic development. Boston, MA: The Center for Urban & Regional Policy at Northeastern University. http://www.tbf.org/uploadedFiles/HousingReport.pdf (accessed October 13, 2006).
20. Cernea, M. 1997. The risks and reconstruction model for resettling displaced populations. World Development 25 (10): 1569-1587.
21. Chang, H. 2001. Development of a comprehensive vulnerability assessment model using GIS. PhD Dissertation, Cornell University.
22. Changnon, S.A. 1996. Great Flood of 1993: Causes, impacts, and responses. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
23. Clark, G.E., S.C. Moser, S.J. Ratick, K. Dow, W.B. Meyer, S. Emani, J. Weigen, R.E. Kasperson, J.X. Kasperson, and H.E. Schwarz. 1998. Assessing the vulnerability of coastal communities to extreme storms: The case of Revere, MA, USA. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 3: 59-82.
24. Colver, W.B. 1919. Recent phases of competition in international trade. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 83: 233-248.
25. Comerio, M.C. 1997. Housing issues after disasters. Housing Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 5 (3): 166-178.
26. Cutter, S.L. 1993. Living with risk. London, UK: Edward Arnold.
27. Cutter, S.L., B.J. Boruff, and W.L. Shirley. 2003. Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social Science Quarterly 84 (2): 242-261.
28. Cutter, S.L. and C.T. Emrich. 2006. Moral hazard, social catastrophe: The changing face of vulnerability along the hurricane coasts. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 604: 102-112.
29. Degg, M. 1993. Earthquake hazard, vulnerability and response. Geography 78: 165-170.
30. DeSlatte, M. 2006. FEMA: Mississippi's 'Katrina Cottage' plans better than Louisiana's. Associated Press, 22 December. http://web.lexis-nexis.com.ezproxy.fau.edu/universe/document?_m= af3ebb75719db83b9a4660c743d68c0b&_docnum=27&wchp= dGLbVth-zSkVA&_md5=61bcfd8e7ba8390a737bd2037268ab58 (accessed March 15, 2007).
31. Dow, K. 1992. Exploring differences in our common future(s): The meaning of vulnerability to global environmental change. Geoforum 23: 417-436.
32. Dow, K. and S.L. Cutter. 2000. Public orders and personal opinions: Household strategies for hurricane assessment. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards 2 (4): 143-155.
33. Dow, K. and T.E. Downing. 1995. Vulnerability research: Where things stand. Human Dimensions Quarterly 1: 3-5.
34. Downing, T.E. 1991. Vulnerability to hunger and coping with climate change in Africa. Global Environmental Change 1: 365-380.
35. Dwyer, A., C. Zoppou, O. Nielsen, S. Day, and S. Roberts. 2004. Quantifying vulnerability: A methodology for identifying those at risk to natural hazards. Geoscience Australia Record 2004/14.
36. Eadie, C. 1998. Earthquake case study: Loma Prieta in Santa Cruz and Watsonville, California. In Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction, eds. J. Schwab et al., 281-310. Planning Advisory Service Report 483/484. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
37. Eadie, C., R. Emmer, A. Esnard, S. Michaels, J. Monday, C. Philipsborn, B. Phillips, and D. Salveson. 2001. Holistic disaster recovery: Ideas for building local sustainability after a natural disaster. Boulder, CO: Natural Hazards Research and Application Center, University of Colorado. Available at http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/holistic_recovery/
38. Eggen, D. 2005. Homeland Security is faulted in audit. The Washington Post, 29 December, A1. http://www.truthout.org/cgi-bin/artman/exec/ view.cgi/37/16580 (accessed October 12, 2006).
39. Elliot, J.R., K.F. Gotham, and M.J. Milligan. 2004. Framing the urban: Struggles over HOPE VI and New Urbanism in a historic city. City and Community 3 (4): 373-394.
40. El Tigani, E. E., ed. 1995. War and drought in Sudan: Essays on population displacement. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
41. Emanuel, K.A. 2006. Anthropogenic effects on tropical cyclone activity. http://wind.mit.edu/~emanuel/anthro2.htm (accessed September 5, 2006).
42. Esnard, A. 2003. Beyond semantics and the immediate post-disaster period: Community quality of life as an overarching theme for sustaining collective action. Natural Hazards Review 4 (3): 159-165.
43. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2005. Help after a disaster: Applicant's guide to the individuals & households program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
44. Feldman, R.M. 1990. Settlement-identity: Psychological bonds with home places in a mobile society. Environment and Behavior 22 (2): 183-229.
45. Fischetti, M. 2001. Drowning New Orleans. Scientific American, October. http://sciamdigital.com (accessed September 7, 2005).
46. Florida Department of Community Affairs. 2005. Long term hurricane recovery. http://www.dca.state.fl.us/recovery/index.cfm (accessed September 16, 2005).
47. Fothergill, A. and L.A. Peek. 2004. Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural Hazards 32: 89-110.
48. Gellert, P.K. and B.D. Lynch. 2003. Megaprojects as displacements. International Social Science Journal 55 (1): 15-25.
49. Godschalk, D.R., T. Beatley, P.R. Berke, D.J. Brower, and E.J. Kaiser. 1998. Natural hazard mitigation: Recasting disaster policy and planning. Washington, DC: Island Press.
50. Grier, P. 2005. The great Katrina migration. The Christian Science Monitor, September 13, n.p. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0912/ p01s01-ussc.html (accessed September 12, 2005).
51. Gyan, J., Jr. 2006. 'Katrina Cottages' get rave reviews. The Baton Rouge Advocate, 23 March, 1A.
52. Haddow, G.D., and J.A. Bullock. 2003. Introduction to emergency management. New York, NY: Butterworth-Heinemann.
53. Haynes, W. 2004. Seeing around corners: Crafting the new Department of Homeland Security. Review of Policy Research 21 (3): 369-395. Retrieved on 13 October from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=6&hid= 13&sid=657e7a8e-45f8-8fdd-54d93111d7fc%40sessionmgr3
54. Hunter, L.M. 2005. Migration and environmental hazards. Population & Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 26 (4): 273-302.
55. Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS). 2004. Summary of State Land Use Planning Laws 2004. Available at http://www.ibhs.org/ publications/view.asp?id=302.
56. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. Climate change: The scientific basis; Summary for policymakers. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC Secretariat, World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environmental Programme. http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf (accessed March 14, 2007).
57. Isikoff, M., and M. Hosenball. 2005. Wrong priorities? MSNBC, 7 September. http://www.,truthout.org/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/37/ 13936 (accessed October 13, 2006).
58. Juntunen, L. 2005. Addressing social vulnerability to hazards. Disaster Safety Review 4 (2): 3-10. http://www.ibhs.org/publications/downloads/ 20050815_121026_20175.pdf (accessed September 15, 2005).
59. Kamel, N. and A. Loukaitou-Sideris. 2004. Residential assistance and recovery following the Northridge Earthquake. Urban Studies 41 (3): 533-562.
60. Kapucu, N. 2005. Intergovernmental coordination in dynamic context: Networks in emergency response management. Connections 26 (2): 33-48.
61. Kirschenbaum, A. 1996. Residential ambiguity and residential relocation decisions: Population and areas at risk. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14: 79-96.
62. Kobayashi, M. and K. Miura. 1990. Natural disaster and restoration housing: Role of physical and interpersonal environment in making a critical transition to a new environment. In Theoretical perspectives in environment-behavior research, eds. J. Demick et al., 39-49. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic.
63. Kogan, R. 2004. Fact sheet: Local effects of proposed cuts in Federal housing assistance, 2005-2009. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. http://www.cbpp.org/3-17-04hous-states.htm (accessed March 15, 2007).
64. Kunreuther, H. 1998. Introduction. In Paying the price: The status and role of insurance against natural disasters in the U.S., eds. H. Kunreuther and R. J. Roth, Sr., 1-16. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
65. Levine, J.N., A. Wallis, and L. Alpert. 2006. Network-Based Regional Governance: A Case Study of Hurricane Response in South Florida. Report to the MacArthur Foundation, May. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions.
66. Lewis, J. 1987. Risk, vulnerability, and survival: Some post-Chernobyl implications of people, planning, and civil defense. Local Government Studies July/August: 75-93.
67. Liverman, D. 1986. The vulnerability of urban areas to technological risks. Cities May: 142-147.
68. Liverman, D. 1990. Vulnerability to global environmental change. In Understanding global environmental change: The contributions of risk analysis and management, eds. R. E. Kasperson, K. Dow, D. Golding, and J. X. Kasperson, 27-44. Worchester, MA: Clark University Press.
69. Lloyd, D.W., and H. Wilson. 2002. Interpretation of subjective ratings: Some fundamental aspects. Disaster Prevention and Management 11: 115-122.
70. Longhurst, R. 1995. Conference report: The assessment of community vulnerability in hazard prone areas. Disasters 19: 269-270.
71. Lucy, W.H., and D.L. Phillips. 2006. Tomorrow's cities, tomorrow's suburbs. Chicago, IL: Planners Press.
72. Maiolo, J. R., J. C. Whitehead, M. McGee, L. King, J. Johnson, and H. Stone, eds. 2001. Facing our future: Hurricane Floyd and recovery in the coastal plain. Wilmington, NC: Coastal Carolina Press.
73. Maltais, D., S. Robichaud, and A. Simard. 2001. The effects of the July 1996 floods on the conception of home and on the biopsychosocial health of preretirees and retirees. Canadian Journal on Aging 20 (3): 407-425.
74. Mann, M.E. and K.A. Emanuel. 2006. Atlantic hurricane trends linked to climate change. Eos 87 (24): 233-244.
75. May, P.J. 1997. State regulatory roles: Choices in the regulation of building safety. State and Local Government Review 29 (2): 70-80.
76. Mileti, Dennis S. 1999. Disasters by design: A reassessment of natural hazards in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press.
77. Mileti, D.S. and E. Passerini. 1996. A social explanation of urban relocation after earthquakes. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14 (1): 97-110.
78. Mitchell, J.K., N. Devine, and K. Jagger. 1989. A contextual model of natural hazard. Geographical Review 79: 391-409.
79. Mitchell, M. 2005. Experts should be thinking now, beyond Katrina rescue effort (interview with Dr. Robert Olshansky on 2 September). University of Illinois News Bureau. http://www.news.uiuc.edu/news/05/ 0902disaster.html (accessed September 16, 2005).
80. Morrow, B.H. 2005. Recovery: What's different, what's the same? Presentation at National Academies of Science Disaster Roundtable, Lessons learned between hurricanes: From Hugo to Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jean. The National Academies, Washington, D.C., March. http://dels.nas.edu/dr/docs/dr13/Morrow.pdf (accessed September 5, 2005).
81. Norris, M. 2006. Law stands in the way of sturdy Katrina Cottages. National Public Radio, 30 March. http://web.lexis-nexis.com.ezproxy.fau.edu/universe/document?_m= af3ebb75719db83b9a4660c743d68c0b&_docnum=30&wchp= aGLbVtbzSkVA&_md5=8c4a4d52423cad379fb52374680a6b1b (accessed March 15, 2007).
82. O'Brien, K. 2006. Waiting in fear in government trailers. The Boston Globe, 3 September, n.p. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/ 09/03/waiting_in_fear_in_government_trailers/?page=full (accessed March 15, 2007).
83. Oliver-Smith, A. 2005. Disasters and Forced Migration in the 21st Century. Social Science Research Council. http://understandingkatrina.ssrc.org/Oliver-Smith/ (accessed September 25, 2005).
84. Olshansky, R.B., L. Johnson, and K. Topping. 2003. Rebuilding communities following disasters: Lessons from Kobe and Los Angeles. Abstract presented at the Third Workshop for Comparative Study on Urban Earthquake Disaster Management, Kobe, JP, 31 January.
85. Opdyke, J.D. 2005. Baton Rouge real estate becomes hot property. The Wall Street Journal Online. http://www.realestatejournal.com/buysell/ regionalnews/20050907-opdyke.html?rejcontent=mail (accessed September 16, 2005).
86. Palm, R.I. 1998. Demand for disaster insurance: Residential coverage. In Paying the price: The status and role of insurance against natural disasters in the U.S, eds. H. Kunreuther and R. J. Roth, 51-66. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
87. Palm, R.I. and M.E. Hodgson. 1992. Earthquake insurance: Mandated disclosure and homeowner response in California. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82: 207-222.
88. Peacock, W.G., B.H. Hearn, and H. Gladwin, eds. 2000. Hurricane Andrew: ethnicity, gender and the sociology of disasters. Texas A&M University: Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center.
89. Pedersen, D. 2002. Violence, ethnic conflict, and contemporary wars: Implications for health and social well-being. Social Science and Medicine 55: 175-190.
90. Perry, C. and R. Kogan. 2001. How realistic are the discretionary funding levels in the President's budget and the Congressional Budget Resolution? http://www.cbpp.org/8-3-01bud.htm (accessed March 15, 2007).
91. Quarantelli, E.L. 1982. General and particular observations on sheltering and housing in American disasters. Disasters 6: 277-286.
92. Quarantelli, E.L. 1995. Patterns of sheltering and housing in U.S. disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 4 (3): 43-53.
93. Salins, P. D., ed. 1987. Housing America's poor. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
94. Sanders, S., S.L. Bowie, and Y.D. Bowie. 2004. Lessons learned on forced relocation of older adults: The impact of Hurricane Andrew on health, mental health and social support of public housing residents. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 40 (4): 23-35.
95. Sapat, A.K. 2001. The intergovernmental dimensions of natural disaster and crisis management in the United States. In Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, ed. A. Farazmand, 339-356. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
96. Schwab, J. 2005. Fixing the future. Planning 71 (8): 14-19.
97. Schwab, J., K.C. Topping, C. Eadie, R.E. Deyle, and R.A. Smith. 1998. Planning for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. Planning Advisory Service Report 483/484. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
98. Simpson, D.M. 2006. Indicator issues and proposed framework for a disaster preparedness index (DPi). Report prepared for the Fritz Institute Disaster Assessment Project. San Francisco, CA: The Fritz Institute.
99. Simpson, D.M., R.J. Human, H. Beckmann, M. Franke, P. Freibert, J. Haberman, J. Haley, and Y. Vozos. 2004. Kentucky state hazard mitigation plan. 942 pp. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Division of Emergency Management.
100. Singer, P. 2006. FEMA works to keep trailer parks temporary. 13 March http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0306/03130nj1.htm (accessed March 15, 2207).
101. Singh, J.V. 1986. Performance, slack, and risk taking in organizational decision making. Academy of Management Journal 29 (3): 562-585.
102. Smart, C. and I. Vertinsky. 1977. Designs for crisis decision units. Administrative Science Quarterly 22 (4): 640-657.
103. Smith, K. 1992. Environmental hazards: Assessing risk and reducing disaster. London, UK: Routledge.
104. Snider, C.F. 1943. Rural local government: County and township government in 1942. American Political Science Review 37: 1041-1051.
105. Staw, B.M., L.E. Sandelands, and J.E. Dutton. 1981. Threat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (4): 501-524.
106. Steinberg, L.S., V. Basolo, R.J. Burby, J.N. Levine, and A.M. Cruz. 2004. Joint seismic and technological disasters: Possible impacts and community preparedness in an urban setting. Natural Hazards Review 5 (4): 159-169.
107. Stone, D. 2001. Policy paradox: The art of political decision making. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
108. Toole, M.J. 1995. Mass population displacement: A global public health challenge. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 9 (2): 352-366.
109. Whoriskey, P. 2006. Silence after the storm: Life has yet to return to much of a city haunted by Katrina. The Washington Post, 27 August, A1+.
110. Wilhite, D., and W. Easterling, W., eds. 1987. Planning for drought: Toward a reduction of societal vulnerability. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
111. Wu, J.Y., and M.K. Lindell. 2004. Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes: The 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan. Disasters 28 (1): 63-81.