The tectonic significance of (U,Th)/Pb ages of monazite inclusions in garnet from the Himalaya of central Nepal

Chemical Geology

Volumn 244, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 1-24

  Martin, Aaron J ^a   Gehrels, George E ^b   DeCelles, Peter G ^b  

^a Bldg 142   (United States)

^b University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

(U,Th) Pb dating; Garnet; Himalaya; Microcrack; Monazite; Retrograde metamorphism

Indexed keywords

CENOZOIC; GARNET; MICROCRACK; MONAZITE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; RETROGRADE METAMORPHISM; THORIUM ISOTOPE; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; ZONING;

ASIA; EURASIA; HIMALAYAS;

EID: 34548409902     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Amatya, K.M., Jnawali, B.M., 1994. Geological Map of Nepal: Department of Mines and Geology. Government of Nepal, Scale 1:1,000,000.
2. Argles T., Prince C., Foster G., and Vance D. New garnets for old? Cautionary tales from Young Mountain belts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 172 (1999) 301-309
3. Bea F., Pereira M.D., and Stroh A. Mineral/leucosome trace-element partitioning in a peraluminous migmatite (a laser ablation-ICP-MS study). Chemical Geology 117 (1994) 291-312
4. Beyssac O., Bollinger L., Avouac J.-P., and Goffe B. Thermal metamorphism in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal determined from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 225 (2004) 233-241
5. Bollinger L., and Janots E. Evidence for Mio-Pliocene retrograde monazite in the Lesser Himalaya, far western Nepal. European Journal of Mineralogy 18 (2006) 289-297 10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0289
6. Bollinger L., Avouac J.-P., Beyssac O., Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Grove M., Goffe B., and Sapkota S. Thermal structure and exhumation history of the Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal. Tectonics 23 (2004) TC5015 10.1029/2003TC001564
7. Burg J.P., and Chen G.M. Tectonics and structural zonation of southern Tibet, China. Nature 311 5983 (1984) 219-223
8. Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Kohn M.J., Grove M., Ryerson F.J., Manning C.E., and Upreti B.N. Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets 106 8 (2001) 16,177-16,204
9. Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., and Gilley L.D. Interpretation of monazite ages obtained via in situ analysis. Chemical Geology 188 (2002) 193-215
10. Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Manning C.E., Grove M., Rai S.M., Hubbard M.S., and Upreti B.N. Records of the evolution of the Himalayan Orogen from in situ Th-Pb ion microprobe dating of monazite: eastern Nepal and western Garhwal. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20 5 (2002) 459-479
11. Catlos E.J., Dubey C.S., Harrison T.M., and Edwards M.A. Late Miocene movement within the Himalayan Main Central Thrust shear zone, Sikkim, north-east India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 22 3 (2004) 207-226
12. Cawood P.A., Johnson M.R.W., and Nemchin A.A. Early Palaeozoic orogenesis along the Indian margin of Gondwana: tectonic response to Gondwana assembly. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 225 (2007) 70-84 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.006
13. Cherniak D.J., and Watson E.B. Pb diffusion in zircon. Chemical Geology 172 (2001) 5-24
14. Cherniak D.J., Watson E.B., Grove M., and Harrison T.M. Pb diffusion in monazite: a combined RBS/SIMS study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (2004) 829-840
15. 39Ar thermochronology, Marsyandi Valley, central Nepal. Tectonics 17 (1998) 726-740
16. Crowley J.L., and Ghent E.D. An electron microprobe study of the U-Th-Pb systematics of metamorphosed monazite: the role of Pb diffusion versus overgrowth and recrystallization. Chemical Geology 157 (1999) 285-302
17. Daniel C.G., Hollister L.S., Parrish R.R., and Grujic D. Exhumation of the Main Central Thrust from lower crustal depths, eastern Bhutan Himalaya. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21 4 (2003) 317-334
18. DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Quade J., and Ojha T.P. Eocene-early Miocene foreland basin development and the history of Himalayan thrusting, western and central Nepal. Tectonics 17 5 (1998) 741-765
19. DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Quade J., Ojha T.P., Kapp P.A., and Upreti B.N. Neogene foreland basin deposits, erosional unroofing, and the kinematic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, western Nepal. Geological Society of America Bulletin 110 1 (1998) 2-21
20. DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Quade J., LaReau B., and Spurlin M. Tectonic implications of U-Pb zircon ages of the Himalayan orogenic belt in Nepal. Science 288 5465 (2000) 497-499
21. DeCelles P.G., Robinson D.M., Quade J., Ojha T.P., Garzione C.N., Copeland P., and Upreti B.N. Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal. Tectonics 20 (2001) 487-509
22. DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Najman Y., Martin A.J., Carter A., and Garzanti E. Detrital geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous-Early Miocene strata of Nepal: Implications for timing and diachroneity of initial Himalayan orogenesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 227 (2004) 313-330
23. de Sigoyer J., Chavagnac V., Blichert-Toft J., Villa I.M., Luais B., Guillot S., Cosca M., and Mascle G. Dating the Indian continental subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites. Geology 28 (2000) 487-490
24. 206Pb chronometry of Archean monazite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 120 (1993) 207-220
25. Dhital M.R., Thapa P.B., and Ando H. Geology of the inner Lesser Himalaya between Kusma and Syangja in western Nepal. Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal vol. 9 (2002) 1-60
26. 39Ar geochronology of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) region; evidence for late Miocene to Pliocene disturbances along the MCT, Marsyangdi River valley, west-central Nepal Himalaya. Journal of the Nepal Geological Society 10 (1995) 41-46
27. Engelder T. Joints and shear fractures in rock. In: Atkinson B.K. (Ed). Fracture Mechanics of Rock (1987), Academic Press, San Diego, California 27-69
28. Foster G., Kinny P., Vance D., Prince C., and Harris N. The significance of U-Th-Pb age data in metamorphic assemblages; a combined study of monazite and garnet chronometry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 181 (2000) 327-340
29. Foster G., Parrish R.R., Horstwood M.S.A., Chenery S., Pyle J., and Gibson H.D. The generation of prograde P-T-t points and paths; a textural, compositional, and chronological study of metamorphic monazite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 228 (2004) 125-142 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.024
30. Ganguly J., Dasgupta S., Cheng W., and Neogi S. Exhumation history of a section of the Sikkim Himalayas, India: records in the metamorphic mineral equilibria and compositional zoning of garnet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 183 3-4 (2000) 471-486
31. Garzanti E. Stratigraphy and sedimentary history of the Nepal Tethys Himalaya passive margin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17 (1999) 805-827
32. Garzanti E., Casnedi R., and Jadoul F. Sedimentary evidence of a Cambro-Ordovician orogenic event in the northwestern Himalaya. Sedimentary Geology 48 (1986) 237-265
33. Gehrels G.E., DeCelles P.G., Martin A., Ojha T.P., Pinhassi G., and Upreti B.N. Initiation of the Himalayan Orogen as an early Paleozoic thin-skinned thrust belt. GSA Today 13 9 (2003) 4-9
34. Gehrels G.E., DeCelles P.G., Ojha T.P., and Upreti B.N. Geologic and U-Th-Pb geochronologic evidence for early Paleozoic tectonism in the Kathmandu thrust sheet, central Nepal Himalaya. Geological Society of America Bulletin 118 (2006) 185-198
35. Gibson H.D., Carr S.D., Brown R.L., and Hamilton M.A. Correlations between chemical and age domains in monazite, and metamorphic reactions involving major pelitic phases: an integration of ID-TIMS and SHRIMP geochronology with Y-Th-U X-ray mapping. Chemical Geology 211 (2004) 237-260
36. Gilley L.D., Harrison T.M., LeLoup P.H., Ryerson F.J., Lovera O.M., and Wang J.H. Direct dating of left-lateral deformation along the Red River shear zone, China and Vietnam. Journal of Geophysical Research B-Solid Earth 108 (2003) 2127 10.1029/2001JB001726
37. 39Ar thermochronology. Tectonics 20 (2001) 729-747
38. Guillot S., Cosca M., Allemand P., and LeFort P. Contrasting metamorphic and geochronologic evolution along the Himalayan belt. In: Macfarlane A.M., Sorkhabi R.B., and Quade J. (Eds). Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops: Boulder, Colorado. Geological Society of America Special Paper vol. 328 (1999)
39. Hacker B.R., Gnos E., Ratschbacher L., Grove M., McWilliams M., Sobolev S.V., Jiang W., and Wu Z. Hot and dry deep crustal xenoliths from Tibet. Science 287 (2000) 2463-2466
40. Harlov D.E., and Forster H.-J. Fluid-induced nucleation of (Y + REE)-phosphate minerals within apatite: nature and experiment. Part II. Fluorapatite. American Mineralogist 88 (2003) 1209-1229
41. Harlov D.E., Forster H.-J., and Nijland T.G. Fluid-induced nucleation of (Y + REE)-phosphate minerals within apatite: nature and experiment. Part I. Chlorapatite. American Mineralogist 87 (2002) 245-261
42. Harris N.B.W., Caddick M., Kosler J., Goswami S., Vance D., and Tindle A.G. The pressure-temperature-time path of migmatites from the Sikkim Himalaya. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 22 3 (2004) 249-264
43. Harrison T.M., Copeland P., Hall S.A., Quade J., Burner S., Ojha T.P., and Kidd W.S.F. Isotopic preservation of Himalayan/ Tibetan uplift, denudation, and climatic histories of two molasse deposits. Journal of Geology 101 2 (1993) 157-175
44. 232Th ion microprobe dating: crystallization age and tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 133 3-4 (1995) 271-282
45. Harrison T.M., Ryerson F.J., LeFort P., Yin A., Lovera O.M., and Catlos E.J. A late Miocene-Pliocene origin for the central Himalayan inverted metamorphism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 146 (1997) E1-E7
46. Harrison T.M., Catlos E.J., and Montel J.-M. U-Th-Pb dating of phosphate minerals. In: Kohn M.J., Rakovan J., and Hughes J. (Eds). Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance (2002), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C 523-558
47. Hawkins D.P., and Bowring S.A. U-Pb systematics of monazite and xenotime: case studies from the Paleoproterozoic of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 127 (1997) 87-103
48. Hodges K.V., Parrish R.R., and Searle M.P. Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna Range, Nepalese Himalayas. Tectonics 15 6 (1996) 1264-1291
49. Hodges K.V., Bowring S.A., Davidek K.L., Hawkins D., and Krol M. Evidence for rapid displacement on Himalayan normal faults and the importance of tectonic denudation in the evolution of mountain ranges. Geology 26 6 (1998) 483-486
50. Jager E. Introduction to geochronology. In: Jager E., and Hunziker J.C. (Eds). Lectures in Isotope Geology (1979), Springer-Verlag, New York 1-12
51. Kohn M.J., and Malloy M.A. Formation of monazite via prograde metamorphic reactions among common silicates: implications for age determinations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (2004) 101-113
52. Kohn M.J., Wieland M., Parkinson C.D., and Upreti B.N. Miocene faulting at plate tectonic velocity in the Himalaya of central Nepal. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 228 (2004) 299-310
53. Lave J., and Avouac J.-P. Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research B-Solid Earth 186 (2001) 26561-26591
54. Le Bayon B., Pitra P., Ballevre M., and Bohn M. Reconstructing P-T paths during continental collision using multi-stage garnet (Gran Paradiso nappe, Western Alps). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 24 (2006) 477-496 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2006.00649.x
55. Leech M.L., Singh S., Jain A.K., Klemperer S.L., and Manickavasagam R.M. The onset of India-Asia continental collision: early, steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 83-97
56. LeFort P. Himalayas: the collided range. Present knowledge of the continental arc. American Journal of Science 275-a (1975) 1-44
57. Marquer D., Chawla H.S., and Challandes N. Pre-Alpine high-grade metamorphism in the High Himalaya crystalline sequences: evidence from lower Paleozoic Kinnaur Kailas granite and surrounding rocks in Sutlej Valley (Himachal Pradesh, India). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 93 (2000) 207-220
58. Martin, A.J., 2005. Tectonics of the Southern Annapurna Range, Central Nepal Himalaya [Ph.D. Dissertation]: University of Arizona, 203 p.
59. Martin A.J., DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Patchett P.J., and Isachsen C. Isotopic and structural constraints on the location of the Main Central thrust in the Annapurna Range, central Nepal Himalaya. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117 (2005) 926-944 10.1130/B25646.1
60. Mattinson J.M. Anomalous isotopic composition of lead in young zircons. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook 72 (1973) 613-616
61. McFarlane C.R.M., and Harrison T.M. Pb-diffusion in monazite: constraints from a high-T contact aureole setting. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 250 (2006) 376-384 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.050
62. McFarlane C.R.M., Connelly J.N., and Carlson W.D. Monazite and xenotime petrogenesis in the contact aureole of the Makhavinekh Lake pluton, northern Labrador. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 148 (2005) 524-541
63. Montel J.-M., Kornprobst J., and Vielzeuf D. Preservation of old U-Th-Pb ages in shielded monazite: example from the Beni Bousera Hercynian kinzigites (Morocco). Journal of Metamorphic Geology 2000 (2000) 335-342
64. Murphy M.A., and Yin A. Structural evolution and sequence of thrusting in the Tethyan fold-thrust belt and Indus-Yalu suture zone, Southwest Tibet. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 1 (2003) 21-34
65. Myrow P.M., Hughes N.C., Paulsen T.S., Williams I.S., Parcha S.K., Thompson K.R., Bowring S.A., Peng S.C., and Ahluwalia A.D. Integrated tectonostratigraphic analysis of the Himalaya and implications for its tectonic reconstruction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 212 3-4 (2003) 433-441
66. Myrow P.M., Thompson K.R., Hughes N.C., Paulsen T.S., Sell B.K., and Parcha S.K. Cambrian stratigraphy and depositional history of the northern Indian Himalaya, Spiti Valley, north-central India. Geological Society of America Bulletin 118 (2006) 491-510 10.1130/B25828.1
67. Overstreet W.C. The geologic occurrence of monazite. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 530 (1967)
68. Parrish R.R. U-Pb dating of monazite and its application to geological problems. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27 (1990) 1431-1450
69. Parrish R.R., Gough S.J., Searle M.P., and Waters D.J. Plate velocity exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure eclogites in the Pakistan Himalaya. Geology 34 (2006) 989-992 10.1130/G22796A.1
70. Pearson O.N., and DeCelles P.G. Structural geology and regional tectonic significance of the Ramgarh thrust, Himalayan fold-thrust belt of Nepal. Tectonics 24 (2005) TC4008 10.1029/2003TC001617
71. Poitrasson F., Chenery S., and Shepherd T.J. Electron microprobe and LA-ICP-MS study of monazite hydrothermal alteration: implications for U-Th-Pb geochronology and nuclear ceramics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64 (2000) 3283-3297
72. Powers P.M., Lillie R.J., and Yeats R.S. Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, Sub-Himalaya, India. Geological Society of America Bulletin 110 8 (1998) 1010-1027
73. Purdy J.W., and Jager E. K-Ar ages on rock-forming minerals from the central Alps. Memoirs of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the University of Padova (1976) 31 pp.
74. Pyle J.M., and Spear F.S. Yttrium zoning in garnet: coupling of major and accessory phases during metamorphic reactions. Geological Materials Research 1 (1999) 1-49
75. Quade J., Cater J.M.L., Ojha T.P., Adam J., and Harrison T.M. Late Miocene environmental change in Nepal and the northern Indian subcontinent: stable isotopic evidence from paleosols. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107 12 (1995) 1381-1397
76. Rasmussen B., Fletcher I.R., and McNaughton N.J. Dating low-grade metamorphic events by SHRIMP U-Pb analysis of monazite in shales. Geology 29 (2001) 963-966
77. Ratschbacher L., Frisch W., Liu G., and Chen C. Distributed deformation in southern and western Tibet during and after the India-Asia collision. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 B10 (1994) 19917-19945
78. Reddy S.A., Searle M.P., and Massey J.A. Structural evolution of the High Himalayan gneiss sequence, Langtang Valley, Nepal. In: Treloar P.J., and Searle M.P. (Eds). Himalayan Tectonics. Geological Society Special Publication (1993), Geological Society of London, London, United Kingdom 375-389
79. Robinson D.M., DeCelles P.G., and Copeland P. Tectonic evolution of the Himalayan thrust belt in western Nepal: implications for channel flow models. Geological Society of America Bulletin 118 (2006) 865-885 10.1130/B25911.1
80. Richards A., Argles T., Harris N.B.W., Parrish R.R., Ahmad T., Darbyshire F., and Dragantis E. Himalayan architecture constrained by isotopic tracers from clastic sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236 (2005) 773-796
81. Rubatto D. Zircon trace element geochemistry: partitioning with garnet and the link between U-Pb ages and metamorphism. Chemical Geology 184 (2002) 123-138
82. Rubatto D., Williams I.S., and Buick I.S. Zircon and monazite response to prograde metamorphism in the Reynolds Range, central Australia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 140 (2001) 458-468
83. Sakai H. Geology of the Tansen Group of the Lesser Himalaya in Nepal. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. Series D, Geology 25 1 (1983) 27-74
84. 230Th disequilibrium on young U-Pb ages: the Makalu case, Himalaya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 67 (1984) 191-204
85. Schelling D. The tectonostratigraphy and structure of the eastern Nepal Himalaya. Tectonics 11 5 (1992) 925-943
86. Searle M.P., and Godin L. The South Tibetan detachment and the Manaslu Leucogranite: a structural reinterpretation and restoration of the Annapurna-Manaslu Himalaya, Nepal. Journal of Geology 111 5 (2003) 505-523
87. Searle M.P., Simpson R.L., Law R.D., Parrish R.R., and Waters D.J. The structural geometry, metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Everest Massif, High Himalaya of Nepal-South Tibet. Journal of the Geological Society of London 160 3 (2003) 345-366
88. Smith H.A., and Giletti B.J. Lead diffusion in monazite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 (1997) 1047-1055
89. Sorkhabi R.B., and Macfarlane A. Himalaya and Tibet: mountain roots to mountain tops. In: Macfarlane A., Sorkhabi R.B., and Quade J. (Eds). Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops.: Special Paper - Geological Society of America (1999), Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States 1-7
90. Spear F.S., and Pyle J.M. Apatite, monazite, and xenotime in metamorphic rocks. In: Kohn M.J., Rakovan J., and Hughes J. (Eds). Phosphates: Geochemical, Geobiological, and Materials Importance (2002), Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. 293-335
91. Srivastava P., and Mitra G. Deformation mechanisms and inverted thermal profile in the North Almora Thrust mylonite zone, Kumaon Lesser Himalaya, India. Journal of Structural Geology 18 1 (1996) 27-39
92. Stacey J.S., and Kramers J.D. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 26 (1975) 207-221
93. Stephenson B.J., Waters D.J., and Searle M.P. Inverted metamorphism and the Main Central Thrust: field relations and thermobarometric constraints from the Kishtwar Window, NW Indian Himalaya. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 18 5 (2000) 571-590
94. Stocklin J. Geology of Nepal and its regional frame. Journal of the Geological Society of London 137 (1980) 1-34
95. Stocklin J., and Bhattarai K.D. Geology of the Kathmandu area and central Mahabharat Range, Nepal. Nepal Department of Mines and Geology, Himalayan Report (1977) 86 pp.
96. Townsend K.J., Miller C.F., D'Andrea J.L., Ayers J.C., Harrison T.M., and Coath C.D. Low temperature replacement of monazite in the Ireteba granite, southern Nevada: geochronological implications. Chemical Geology 172 (2001) 95-112
97. Upreti B.N. Stratigraphy of the western Nepal Lesser Himalaya: a synthesis. Journal of Nepal Geological Society 13 (1996) 11-28
98. Van Emden B., Thornber M.R., Graham J., and Lincoln F.J. The incorporation of actinides in monazite and xenotime from placer deposits in western Australia. Canadian Mineralogist 35 (1997) 95-104
99. Vance D., and Harris N. Timing of prograde metamorphism in the Zanskar Himalaya. Geology 27 (1999) 395-398
100. Vannay J.C., and Hodges K.V. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core between the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri, central Nepal. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 14 5 (1996) 635-656
101. Viskupic K., and Hodges K.V. Monazite-xenotime thermochronometry: methodology and an example from the Nepalese Himalaya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141 2 (2001) 233-247
102. Whitney D.L., and Dilek Y. Metamorphism During Alpine Crustal Thickening and Extension in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The Nigde Metamorphic Core Complex vol. 39 (1998) 1385-1403
103. Wiesmayr G., and Grasemann B. Eohimalayan fold and thrust belt: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the NW-Himalaya (India). Tectonics 21 (2002) 1058 10.1029/2002TC001363
104. Williams I.S. Response of detrital zircon and monazite, and their U-Pb isotopic systems, to regional metamorphism and host-rock partial melting, Cooma Complex, southeastern Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48 (2001) 557-580
105. Wing B.A., Ferry J.M., and Harrison T.M. Prograde destruction and formation of monazite and allanite during contact and regional metamorphism of pelites: petrology and geochronology. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145 (2003) 228-250
106. Yang P., and Rivers T. Trace element partitioning between coexisting biotite and muscovite from metamorphic rocks, western Labrador; structural, compositional and thermal controls. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64 (2000) 1451-1472
107. Yang P., Rivers T., and Jackson S.J. Crystal-chemical and thermal controls on trace-element partitioning between coexisting garnet and biotite in metamorphic rocks from western Labrador. Canadian Mineralogist 37 (1999) 443-486
108. Zhu X.K., and O'Nions R.K. Zonation of monazite in metamorphic rocks and its implications for high temperature thermochronology: a case study from the Lewisian terrain. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 171 (1999) 209-220
109. Zhu X.K., O'Nions R.K., Belshaw N.S., and Gibb A.J. Lewisian crustal history from in situ SIMS mineral chronometry and related metamorphic textures. Chemical Geology 136 (1997) 205-218