Echinococcosis: Serological detection of patients and molecular identification of parasites

Future Microbiology

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 439-449

  Ito, Akira ^a   Nakao, Minoru ^a   Sako, Yasuhito ^a  

^a ASAHIKAWA MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Alveolar; Antigen B8 1 ELISA; Antigen B8 1 immunoblot; Cystic echinococcosis; Echinococcosis; Em18 ELISA; Em18 immunoblot; Evolution; Molecular diagnosis; Molecular phylogeny; Serodiagnosis

Indexed keywords

BLOOD GROUP B ANTIGEN; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENUS; HELMINTHIASIS; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HUMAN; LIVER HYDATID CYST; LUNG HYDATID CYST; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; NEW SPECIES; NONHUMAN; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SERODIAGNOSIS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN DIFFERENCE;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, HELMINTH; ANTIGENS, HELMINTH; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; ECHINOCOCCOSIS; ECHINOCOCCUS; HUMANS; PHYLOGENY; SEROLOGIC TESTS;

ECHINOCOCCUS; ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS; ECHINOCOCCUS SHIQUICUS;

EID: 34548408533     PISSN: 17460913     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17460913.2.4.439     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Eckert J, Gemmell MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS: WHO/OIE manula on echinococcosis in humans and animals: a public health problem of global concern. OIE Paris (2001).
2. Ito A, Craig PS, Schantz PM: Taeniasis/cysticercosis and echinococcosis with focus on Asia and the Pacific. Parasitol. Int. 55(Suppl.), 1-312 (2006).
3. Zhang W, McManus DP: Recent advance in the immunology and diagnosis of echinococcosis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 47, 24-41 (2006).
4. Gottstein B, Muller N, Seebeck T: Production of a recombinant antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis with high immunodiagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 31, 117-125 (1988).
5. Frosch PM, Frosch M, Pfister T, Schaad V, Bitter-Suemann D: Cloning and characterization of an immunodominant major surface antigen of Ethinococcus multilocularis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 48, 121-130 (1991).
6. Hemmings L, McManus DP: The diagnostic value and molecular characterization of an Echinococcus multilocularis antigen gene clone. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 44, 56-62 (1991).
7. Ito A, Nakao M, Kutsumi H, Lightowlers MW, Itoh M, Sato S: Serodiagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease by western blotting. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87, 170-172 (1993).
8. Brehm Y, Jensen K, Frosch P, Frosch M: Characterization of the genomic locus expressing the ERM-like protein of Echinococcus multilocularis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 100, 147-152 (1999).
9. Felleisen R, Gottstein B: Echinococcus multilocularis: molecular and immunochemical characterization of diagnostic antigen II/3-10. Parasitology 107, 335-342 (1993).
10. Sako Y, Nakao M, Nakaya K et al.: Alveolar echinococcosis characterization of diagnostic antigen Em18 and serological evaluation of recombinant Em18. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 2760-2765 (2002).
11. Ito A, Xiao N, Liance M et al.: Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with affinity-purified Em18 and an ELISA with recombinant Em18 for differential diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis: results of a blind test. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 4161-4165 (2002).
12. Ito A, Schantz PM, Wilson JF: Em18, a new serodiagnostic marker for differentiation of active and inactive cases of alveolar hydatid disease. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52, 41-44 (1995).
13. Ito A, Plancarte A, Ma L et al.: Novel antigens for neurocysticercosis: simple method for preparation and evaluation for serodiagnosis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59, 291-294 (1998).
14. Ito A, Ma L, Schantz PM et al.: Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinooccosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen B) and E. multilocularis protoscolex (Em 18). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60, 188-192 (1999).
15. Ito A, Ma L, Itoh M et al.: Immunodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a partially purified Em18/16 enriched fraction. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 4, 57-59 (1997).
16. Liance M, Jamin V, Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, Houin R, Piarroux R: Immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infections: confirmatory testing and species differentiation by a new commercial western blot. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 3718-3721 (2000).
17. Ito A, Wen H, Craig PS et al.: Antibody responses against Em18 and Em16 serodiagnostic markers in alveolar and cystic echinococcosis patients from northwest China. Jpn J. Med. Sci. Biol. 50, 19-26 (1997).
18. Ito A, Wang XG, Liu YH: Differential serodiagnosis of alveolar and cystic hydatid disease in the People's Republic of China. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49, 208-213 (1993).
19. Xiao N, Mamuti W, Yamasaki H et al.: Evaluation of use of recombinant Em18 and affinity-purified Em18 for serological differentiation of alveolar echinococcosis from cystic echinococcosis and other parasitic infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41, 3351-3353 (2003).
20. Bart JM, Piarroux M, Sako Y et al.: Comparison of several commercial kits and Em18 serology for detection of human alveolar echinococcosis. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 58, (2007) (In Press).
21. Müller N, Frei E, Nuñez S, Gottstein B: Improved serodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis of humans using an in vitro-produced Echinococcus multilocularis antigen. Parasitology 134, 879-888 (2007).
22. Fujimoto Y, Ito A, Ishikawa Y et al.: Usefulness of recombinant EM18-ELISA to evaluate efficacy of treatment in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. J. Gastroenterol. 40, 426-431 2005
23. Sato N, Ogasawara K, Kamiyama T, Matsushita M, Todo S: Echinococcosis. Nippon Rinsho 61 (Suppl. 2), 636-643 (2003) (In Japanese).
24. Ito A, Sako Y, Ishikawa Y, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Yamasaki H: Differential serodiagnosis for alveolar echinococcosis by Em18-immunoblot and Em18-ELISA in Japan and China. In: Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis - an Emergent and Global Problem. Craig PS, Pawlowski ZS (Eds). IOS Press 147-155 (2002).
25. Ito A, Sako Y, Yamasaki H et al.: Development of Em18-immunoblot and Em18-ELISA for specific diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. Acta Trop. 85, 173-182 (2003).
26. Ito A, Ishikawa Y, Kitada M, Nakaya K, Sasajima T: Pulmonary echinococcosis. Respiration 22, 56-60 (2003) (In Japanese).
27. Aoki T, Kino S, Yamasaki H et al.: A case of liver cystis wlud Em18-WB was useful for differential diagnosis. Jpn. Soc. Gastroenterol. 103, 955-960 (2006) (In Japanese).
28. Romig T, Kratzer W, Kimmig P et al.: An epidemiologic survey of human alveolar echinococcosis in southwestern Germany. Römerstein Study Group. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61, 566-673 (1999).
29. Jensen B, Reuter S, Kratzer W et al.: Long-term seropositivity against Echinococcus multilocularis in an epidemiological follow-up study in southwestern Germany (Römerstein). Infection 29, 310-314 (2001).
30. Manfras BJ, Reuter S, Wendland T, Boehm BO, Kern P: Impeded Th1 CD4 memory T cell generation in chronic-persisting liver infection with Echinococcus multilocularis. Int. Immunol. 16, 43-50 (2004).
31. Siles-Lucas MM, Gottstein B: Molecular tools for the diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Trop. Med. Int. Health 6, 467-475 (2001).
32. Oriol R, Williams JF, Esandi MVP, Oriol C: Purification of lipoprotein antigens of Echinococcus granulosus from sheep hydatid fluid. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 20, 569-574 (1971).
33. Lightowlers MW, Liu DY, Haralambous A, Rickard MD: Subunit composition and specificity of the major cyst fluid in sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 37, 171-182 (1989).
34. Frosch P, Hartmann M, Mühlschlegel F, Frosch M: Sequence heterogeneity of the echinococcal antigen B. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 64, 171-175 (1994).
35. González G, Nieto A, Fernándz C, Örn A, Wernstedt C, Hellman U: Twp different 8 kDa monomers are involved in the oligomeric organization of the native Echinococcus granulosus antigen B. Parasite Immunol. 18, 587-596 (1996).
36. Fernández V, Ferreira HB, Fernández C, Zaha A, Nieto A: Molecular characterization of a novel 8 kDa subunit of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 77, 247-250 (1996).
37. Chemale G, Ferreira HB, Barrett J, Brophy PM, Zaha A: Echinococcus granulosus antigen B hydrophobic ligand binding properties. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1747, 189-194 (2005).
38. Arend AC, Zaha A, Ayala FJ, Haag KL: The Echinococcus granulosus antigen B shows a high degree of genetic variability. Exp. Parasitol. 108, 76-80 (2004).
39. Haag KL, Alves-Junior L, Zaha A, Ayala FJ: Contigent, non-neutral evolution in a multicellular parasite: natural selection and gene conversion in the Echinococcus granulosus antigen B gene family. Gene 333, 157-167 (2004).
40. Mamuti W, Sako Y, Xiao N et al.: Echinococcus multilocularis: developmental stage-specific expression of antigen B 8-kDa-subunits. Exp. Parasitol. 113, 75-82 (2006).
41. Sarciron EM, Bresson-Hadni S, Mercier M et al.: Antibodies against Echinococcus multilocularis alkaline phosphatase as markers for the specific diagnosis and the serological monitoring of alveolar echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol. 19, 61-68 (1997).
42. Korkmaz M, Inceboz T, Celebi F, Babaoglu A, Uner A: Use of two sensitive and specific immunoblot markers, em70 and em90, for diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 3350-3352 (2004).
43. Ito A: Serologic and molecular diagnosis of zoonotic larval cestode infections. Parasitol. Int. 51, 221-235 (2002).
44. Zhang W, Li J, McManus DP: Concepts in immunology and diagnosis of hydatid disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16, 18-36 (2003).
45. McManus DP, Xhang W, Li J, Bartley PB: Echinococcosis. Lancet 362, 1295-1304 (2003).
46. Ito A, Craig PS: Immunodiagnostic and molecular approacher for the detection of taeniid cestode infections. Trends Parasitol. 19, 377-381 (2003).
47. Mamuti W, Yamasaki H, Sako Y et al.: Molecular cloning, expression and serological evaluation of an 8-kilodalton subunit of antigen B from Echinococcus multilocularis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 1082-1088 (2004).
48. Mamuti W, Sako Y, Bart JM et al.: Molecular characterization of novel gene encoding an 8-kDa subunit of antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus genotypes 1 and 6. Parasitol. Int. 57 (2007) (In press).
49. Siles-Lucas M, Hemphill A: Cestode parasites: application of in vivo and in vitro models for studies on the host-parasite relationship. Adv. Parasitol. 51, 133-230 (2002).
50. Spiliotis M, Tappe D, Seterhem L, Brehm K: Long-term in vitro cultivation of Enhinococcus multilocularis metacestodes under axenic conditions. Parasitol. Res. 92, 430-432 (2004).
51. Brehm K, Spiliotis M, Zavala-Gongora R, Konrad C, Frosch M: Ile molecular mechanisms of larval cestode development: first steps into an unknown world. Parasitol. Int. 55, S1 5-S21 (2006).
52. Nakaya K, Mamuti W, Xiao N et al: Usefulness of severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and inbred mice for studies of cysticercosis and echinococcosis. Parasitol. Int. 55, S91-S97(2006).
53. Aumuller E, Scharamm G, Gronow A et al.: Enhinococcus multilocularis metacestode extract triggers human basophils to release interleukin-4. Parasite Immunol. 26, 387-397 (2004).
54. Spiliotis M, Tappe D, Sesterhenn L, Brehm K: Long-term in vitro cultivation of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes under axenic conditions. Parasitol. Res. 92, 430-432 (2004).
55. Spiliotis M, Konrad C, Gelmedin V et al.: Characterisation of EmMPKl, an ERK-like MAP kinase from Echinococcus multilocularis which is activated in response to human epidermal growth factor. Int. J. Parasitol. 36, 1097-1112 (2006).
56. Spiliotis M, Tappe D, Bruckner S, Mosch HU, Brehm K: Molecular cloning and characterization of Ras- and Raf-homologues from the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 139, 225-237 (2005).
57. Naguleswaran A, Spicher M, Vonlaufen N et al.: In vitro metacestodicidal activities of genistein and other isoflavones against Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 3770-3778(2006).
58. Matsumoto J, Muller N, Hemphill A, Oku Y, Kamiya M, Gottstein B: 14-3-3- and II/3-10-gene expression as molecular markers to address viability and growth activity of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. Parasitology 132, 83-94 (2006).
59. Hernández M, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Fragoso G et al.: A new highly effective anticysticercosis vaccine expressed in transgenic papaya. Vaccine 25, 4252-4260 (2007).
60. Sciutto E, Morales J, Martínez JJ et al: Further evaluation of the synthetic peptide vaccine S3Pvac against Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs in an endemic town of Mexico. Parasitology 134, 129-133 (2007).
61. Sako Y, Yamasaki H, Nakaya Y, Nakao M, Ito A. Cloning and characterization of cathepsin L-like peptidases, of Echinococcus multilocularis metacastodes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 154, 181-189 (2007).
62. Khayath N, Vicogne J, Ahier A et al.: Diversification of the insulin receptor family in the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. FEBS J. 274, 659-676 (2007).
63. Li J, Zhang W, Wilson M, Ito A, McManus DP: A novel recombinant antigen for immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. J. Infect. Dis. 188, 1951-1960 (2003).
64. Rausch RL: A consideration of intraspecific categones in the genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801 (Cestoda; Taeniidae). J. Parasitol. 53, 484-491 (1967).
65. Thapson RCA. Lymbery AJ, Constantine CC: Variation in Echinococcus: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus. Adv. Parasitol. 35, 145-176 (1995).
66. Bowles J, Blair D, McManus DP: A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus Parasitology 110, 317-328 (1995).
67. Bowles J, Blair D, McManus DP: Molecular genetic characterization of the cervid strain ('Northern form') of Echinococcus granulos. Parasitology 109, 215-221 (1994).
68. Scott JC, Stefaniak J, Pawlowski ZS, McManus DP: Molecular genetic analysis of human cystic hydatid cases from Poland: identification of a new genotypic group (G9) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 114, 37-43 (1997).
69. Lavikainen, A, Lehtinen MJ, Meri T, Hirvela-Koski V, Meri S: Molecular genetic characterization of the Fennoscandian cervid strain, a new genotypic group (G10) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 127, 207-215(2003).
70. Thompson RCA, McManus DP: Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus. Trends Parasitol. 18, 452-457 (2003).
71. Xiao N, Qiu J, Nakao M et al.: Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp., a taeniid cestode from Tibetan fox and plateau pika in China. Int. J. Parasitol. 35, 693-701 (2005).
72. Nakao M, Yokoyama N, Sako Y, Fukunaga M, Ito A: The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (Cydophyllidea: Taeniidae). Mitochondrion 1, 497-509 (2002).
73. Le TH, Pearson MS, Blair D, Dai N, Zhang LH, McManus DP: Complete mitochondrial genomes confirm the distinctiveness of the home-dog and sheep-dog strains of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasiology 124, 97-112 (2002).
74. Nakao M, McManus DP, Schantz PM, Craig PS, Ito A: A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Parasitology 134, 713-722(2007).
75. Cameron TWM: The incidence and diagnosis of hydatid cyst in Canada. Echinococcus granulosus var. canadensis. Parasitologia 2, 381-390 (1960).
76. Brown WM, George M Jr. Wilson AC: Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1967-1971 (1979).
77. Bowles J, Blair D, McManus DP: Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 54, 165-173 (1992).
78. Templeton AR, Routman E, Phillips CA. Separating population structure from population history: a cladistic analysis of the geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambrystoma tigrinum. Genetics 140, 767-782 (1995).
79. Vester AJM: Review of Echinococcus species in South Africa. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 32, 7-118 (1965).