Adaptive laser beam projection on an extended target: Phase- and field-conjugate precompensation

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 24, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1975-1993

  Vorontsov, Mikhail A ^a,b   Kolosov, Valeriy ^c   Kohnle, Anton ^d  

^a U S ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c V E ZUEV INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS   (Russian Federation)

^d FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE OPTICS; FOCUSING; OBJECT RECOGNITION; OPTICAL COLLIMATORS; OPTICAL PHASE CONJUGATION; TARGET TRACKING;

ADAPTIVE LASER BEAM PROJECTION; EXTENDED TARGET; FIELD-CONJUGATE PRECOMPENSATION; PHASE-CONJUGATE PRECOMPENSATION;

LASER BEAMS;

EID: 34548312155     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.24.001975     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. S. A. Kokorowski, M. E. Pedinoff, and J. E. Pearson, "Analytical, experimental and computer simulation results on the interactive effects of speckle with multi-dither adaptive optics systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 333-345 (1977).
2. M. A. Vorontsov and V. I. Shmal'hauzen, Principles of Adaptive Optics, (Nauka, Moscow, 1985).
3. M. A. Vorontsov and G. W. Carhart, "Adaptive phase distortion correction in strong speckle-modulation conditions," Opt. Lett. 27, 2155-2157 (2002).
4. Optical Phase Conjugation, R. A. Fisher, ed. (Academic, 1983).
5. B. Ya. Zeldovich, N. F. Pilipetsky, and V. V. Shkunov, Principles of Phase Conjugation (Springer, 1985).
6. C. L. Hayes, R. A. Brandewie, W. C. Davis, and G. E. Mevers, "Experimental test of an infrared phase conjugation adaptive array," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 269-277 (1977).
7. F. Schonfeld, "Instability in saturated full-field compensation for thermal blooming," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1794-1799 (1992).
8. Phase Conjugate Laser Optics, A. Brignon and J. P. Huignard, eds., Wiley Series in Lasers and Applications (Wiley, 2004).
9. B. Hatfield and S. Enguehard, Adaptive Optics (Perseus, 2005).
10. N. V. Vysotina, N. N. Rozanov, V. E. Semenov, and V. A. Smirnov, "Amplitude-phase adaptive control over optically inhomogeneous paths with deformable mirrors," Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz. 11, 42-50 (1985).
11. F. Yu. Kanev and V. P. Lukin, "Amplitude phase beam control with the help of a two-mirror adaptive system," Atmosph. Opt. 4, 878-881 (1991).
12. M. C. Roggemann and D. J. Lee, "Two-deformable-mirror concept for correcting scintillation effects in laser beam projection through the turbulent atmosphere," Appl. Opt. 37, 4577-4585 (1998).
13. J. D. Barchers, "Closed-loop stable control of two deformable mirrors for compensation of amplitude and phase fluctuations," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 926-945 (2002).
14. R. K. Tyson, Principles of Adaptive Optics (Academic, 1991).
15. J. W. Hardy, Adaptive Optics for Astronomical Telescopes (Oxford U. Press, 1998).
16. D. L. Fried, "Branch point problem in adaptive optics," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 2759-2768 (1998).
17. M. C. Roggemann and A. C. Koivunen, "Branch-point reconstruction in laser beam projection through turbulence with finite-degree-of-freedom phase-only wave-front correction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 53-62 (2000).
18. M. C. Rytov, Yu A. Kravtsov, and V. I. Tatarskii, Principles of Statistical Radiophysics IV: Wave Propagation through Random Media (Springer, 1989).
19. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, 1980).
20. J. H. Shapiro, "Reciprocity of the turbulent atmosphere," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 492-495 (1971).
21. Y. A. Kravtsov, "New effects in wave propagation and scattering in random media (a mini review)," Appl. Opt. 32, 2681-2691 (1993).
22. In the case of a point-source target, the pupil-plane phase screen and an outgoing beam with spatially uniform intensity distribution (flat-top beam), phase and field conjugation are equivalent.
23. This implies that measurement of phase φ(r,t) is performed over a time τph (sensor's photo-receiver integration time) shorter than the characteristic times τs, and τat for target surface roughness and propagation medium refractive index realization update τph at, τat}).
24. M. A. Vorontsov and V. V. Kolosov, "Target-in-the-loop beam control: basic considerations for analysis and wavefront sensing," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 126-141 (2005).
25. J. E. Pearson, S. A. Kokorovski, and M. E. Pedinoff, "Effects of speckles in adaptive optical systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 1261-1267 (1976).
26. A. A. Vasil'ev, M. A. Vorontsov, I. A. Kudryashov, and V. I. Shmalhauzen, "Adaptive focusing of radiation on a diffusely scattering reflector under nonlinear refraction conditions," Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 17, 1106-1115 (1987).
27. M. A. Vorontsov, V. N. Karnaukhov, A. L. Kuz'minskii, and V. I. Shmalhauzen, "Speckle effects in adaptive optical systems," Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 14, 761-766 (1984).
28. The time delay Δtc includes time required for wavefront phase measurement and the outgoing beam phase control.
29. M. A. Vorontsov and V. I. Shmal'hauzen, "Interference criteria for the light focusing problem," Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 10, 285-289 (1980).
30. M. A. Vorontsov, "Phase conjugation method for thermal blooming compensation of light beams," Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 9, 1221-1233 (1979).
31. V. V. Kolosov and S. I. Sysoev, "Analysis of some algorithms for minimizing angular divergence of partially coherent optical radiation," Atmosph. Opt. 3, 70-76 (1990).
32. R. A. Miller and A. Buffington, "Real-time correction of atmospherically degraded telescope images through image sharpening," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 1200-1210 (1974).
33. S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1999).
34. For a nearly diffraction-limited hit-spot size, the speckle size (radius) αsp ≃ α0 for a Gaussian beam. The speckle size is 1.22π times smaller for a flat-top beam.
35. F. G. Bass and I. M. Fuks, Wave Scattering from Statistically Rough Surfaces (Pergamon, 1979).
36. D. L. Fried, "Statistics of a geometric representation of wavefront distortion," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1427-1435 (1965).
37. V. V. Kolosov and A. V. Kuzikovskii, "Phase compensation for refractive distortions of partially coherent beam," Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 11, 301-303 (1981).
38. V. V. Kolosov and S. I. Sysoev, "Minimization of angular characteristics of partially coherent optical radiation," Atmosph. Opt. 2, 297-301 (1989).
39. V. V. Dudorov, M. A. Vorontsov, and V. V. Kolosov, "Specklefield propagation in 'frozen' turbulence: brightness function approach," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 1924-1936 (2006).
40. M. I. Charnotskii, V. A. Myakinin, and V. Zavorotnyy, "Observation of superresolution in nonisoplanatic imaging through turbulence," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 1345-1350 (1990).
41. M. I. Charnotskii, "Imaging in turbulence beyond the diffraction limit," Proc. SPIE 2534, 289-293 (1995).
42. C. C. Yang and M. A. Plonus, "Superresolution effects in weak turbulence," Appl. Opt. 32, 7528-7531 (1993).
43. M. A. Vorontsov and G. W. Carhart, "Anisoplanatic imaging through turbulent media: image recovery by local information fusion from a set of short-exposure images," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 1312-1324 (2001).
44. J. W. Hardy, "Active optics: a new technology for the control of light," Proc. IEEE 66, 651-697 (1978).
45. T. R. O'Meara, The multi-dither principle in adaptive optics," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 306-315 (1977).
46. M. A. Vorontsov, G. W. Carbart, D. V. Pruidze, J. C. Ricklin, and D. G. Voelz, "Image quality criteria for an adaptive imaging system based on statistical analysis of the speckle field," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 1456-1466 (1996).
47. J. W. Goodman, Statistical Optics (Wiley, 1985).
48. T. Weyrauch and M. A. Vorontsov, "Dynamic wave-front distortion compensation with 134-control-channel submillisecond adaptive system," Opt. Lett. 27, 751-753 (2002).
49. E. Polak, "An historical survey of computatiohal methods in optimal control," SIAM Rev. 15, 553-584 (1973).
50. J. C. Dunn, "Convergence rates for conditional gradient sequences generated by implicit length rules," SIAM J. Control Optim. 18, 473-487 (1980).