Asymptomatic spontaneous cerebral emboli and cognitive decline in a cohort of older people: A prospective study

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 22, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 794-800

  Oude Voshaar, Richard C ^a,b   Purandare, Nitin ^a   Hardicre, Jayne ^a   McCollum, Charles ^a   Burns, Alistair ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cerebral emboli; Cognition; Emboli; Older people

Indexed keywords

ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN EMBOLISM; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; PREDICTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; STROKE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COGNITION DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; COMORBIDITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMENTIA, VASCULAR; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL EMBOLISM; MALE; MENTAL STATUS SCHEDULE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, TRANSCRANIAL;

EID: 34548286330     PISSN: 08856230     EISSN: 10991166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gps.1744     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Braekken SK, Reinvang I, Russell D, et al. 1998. Association between intraoperative cerebral microemboli signals and post-operative neuropsychological deficit: comparison between patients with cardiac valve replacement and patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65: 573-576.
2. Brayne C, Best N, Muir M, et al. 1997. Five-year incidence and prediction of dementia and cognitive decline in a population sampleof women aged 70-79at baseline. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 12: 1107-1118.
3. Consensus Committee of the Ninth International Cerebral Hemodynamic Symposium (CCNICHS). 1995. Basic identification criteria of Doppler microembolic signals. Stroke 26: 1123.
4. Censori B. Partziguian T, Casto L, et al. 2000. Doppler microembolic signals predict ischemic recurrences in symptomatic carotid stenosis. Acta Neurol Scand 101: 327-331.
5. Cohen J. 1988. Statistical Power for the Behavioural Sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, NJ.
6. Cullinane M, Wainwright R, Brown A, et al. 1998. Asymptomatic embolization in subjects with atrial firbrillation not taking anticoagulants. A prospective study. Stroke 29: 1810-1815.
7. Deklunder G, Prat A, Lecroan JL, et al. 1998. Can cerebrovascular microemboli induce cognitive impairment in patients with prosthetic heart valves? Eur J Ultrasound 7: 47-51.
8. Fearn SJ, Pole R, Burgess M, et al. 2001a. Cerebral embolisation during modern cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg 20. 1163-1167.
9. Fearn SJ, Pole R, Wesnes; K, et al. 2001 b. Cerebral injuri during cardiopulmonary bypass: emboli impair memory. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121: 1150-4160.
10. Folstein MP, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. 1975. 'Mini-Mental State'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Pyschiatric Res 12: 199-198.
11. Gao S, Sing Wong K. Hansberg T, et al. 2004. Microembolic signal predicts recurrent cerebral ischemic events in acute stroke patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke 35: 2832-2836.
12. Georgiadis D, Lindner A, Manz M, et al. 1997. Intracrunial microembolic signals in 5W patients with potential cardiac or carotid embolic source and in normal controls. Stroke 28: 1203-1207.
13. Goertler M, Blaser T, Krueger S, et al. 2002. Cessation of embolic signals after antithrombotic prevention is related to reduced risk of recurrent arterioembolic transient ischaemic attack and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72: 338-342.
14. Han L, Cole M, Bellavance F, et al. 2000. Tracking cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease using the mini-mental state examination: a meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr 12: 231-247.
15. Hutchinson S, Riding G, Coull S, McCollum CN. 2002. Are spontaneous cerebral microemboli consistent in carotid disease? Stroke 33: 685-688.
16. Jacqmin-Gadda H, Fabrigoule C, Commenges D, Dartigues JF. 1997. A 5-year longitudinal study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in normal aging. Am J Epidemiol 145: 498-506.
17. Lechat P, Mas JL, Lascault G. 1988. Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with stroke. N Eng J Med 318: 1148-1152.
18. Markus HS, MacKinnon A. 2005. Asymptomatic embolization detected by Doppler ultrasound predicts stroke risk in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 36: 971-975.
19. MacKinnon AD, Aaslid R, Markus HS. 2004. Long-term ambulatory monitoring for cerebral emboli using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Stroke 35: 73-78.
20. Molloy J, Markus HS. 1999. Asymptomatic embolization predicts stroke and TIA risk in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 30: 1440-1443.
21. Molloy J, Khan N, Markus HS. 1998. Temporal variability of symptomatic embolization in carotid artery stenosis and optimal recording protocols. Stroke 29: 1129-1132.
22. Moody DM, Bell MA, Challa VR, et al. 1990. Brain microemboli during cardiac surgery or aortography. Ann Neurol 28: 477-486.
23. Nadareishvili ZG, Belestky V, Black SE, et al. 2002. Is cerebral microembolism in mechanical heart valves clinically relevant? J Neuroimaging 12: 310-315.
24. Neville MJ. Butterworth J, James RL, et al. 2001. Similar neurobehavioral outcome after valve or coronary artery operations despite differing carotid embolic counts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121: 125-136.
25. Nguyen HT. Black SA, Ray LA, et al. 2002. Predictors of decline in MMSE scores among older Mexican Americans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57: 181-185.
26. Ott A, Breteler MM, de Bruyne MC, et al. 1997. Atrial fibrillation and dementia in a population-based study. The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 28: 316-321.
27. Purandare N, Daly KJ. Hardicre J, et al. 2006a. Cerebral emboli: a cause of Alzheimer's and vascular dementia? BMJ 332: 1119-1224.
28. Purandare N, Oude Voshaar RC, Morris J, et al. 2006b. Asymptomatic spontaneous cerebral emboli predict the rate of cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Biol Psychiatry (in press).
29. Ringelstein EB, Droste DW, Babikian VL, et al. 1998. Consensus on microembolus detection by TCD. Stroke 29: 725-729.
30. Roth M, Huppert FA, Mountjoy CQ, Tym E. 1999. The Cambridge Etaminadon for Mental Disorders of the Elderly, revised. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
31. Roth M, Tym E, Mountjoy CQ, et al. 1986. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorders in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. Br J Psychiatry 149: 698-709.
32. Russell D. 2002. Cerebral microemboli and cognitive impairment. J Neurol Sci 203-204: 211-214.
33. Sidhu PS, Allen PL. 1997. Ultrasound assessment of internal carotid artery stenosis. Clin Radiol 52: 654-658.
34. Skoog I, Lithell IL Hansson L, et al. 2005. Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes: Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Am J Hypertens 18: 1052-1059.
35. Sliwka U, Job FP, Wissuwa D, et al. 1995. Occurrence of transcranial Doppler high-intensity transient signals in patients with potential cardiac sources of embolism. A prospective study. Stroke 26: 2067-2070.
36. Stygall J, Newman SP. Fitzgerald G, et al. 2003. Cognitive change 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery. Health Psychol 22: 579-586.
37. Tinkler V, Cullinane M, Kaposzta Z, Markus HS. 2002. Asymptomatic embolisation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and its relationship to anticoagulant therapy. Eur J Ultrasound 15: 21-27.
38. Zhu L, Viitanen M, Guo Z, et al. 1998. Blood pressure reduction, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination in a community population of normal very old people: a three-year follow-up. J Clin Epidemiol 51: 385-391.