Unmasking racism: Halloween costuming and engagement of the racial other

Qualitative Sociology

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 315-335

  Mueller, Jennifer C ^a   Dirks, Danielle ^b   Picca, Leslie Houts ^c  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON   (United States)

Author keywords

College students; Costuming; Halloween; Racial and ethnic relations (US); Racial ideology; Racism

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548279497     PISSN: 01620436     EISSN: 15737837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-007-9061-1     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
2. Bakhtin, M. (1984). Rabelais and his world. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press.
3. Belk, R. W. (1994). Carnival, control and corporate culture in Halloween celebrations. In P. Santino (Ed.), Halloween and other festivals of death and life (pp. 105-132). Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
4. Bonilla-Silva, E. (2003). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
5. Dundes, A. (1987). Cracking jokes: Studies of sick humor cycles and stereotypes. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.
6. Durkheim, E. ([1912] 1995). The elementary forms of religious life. Translated by K. E. Fields. Reprint, New York: Free Press.
7. Etzioni, A. (2000). Toward a theory of public ritual. Sociological Theory, 18, 44-59.
8. Feagin, J. (2000). Racist America: Roots, current realities and future reparations. New York: Routledge.
9. Feagin, J. R. (2006). Systemic racism: A theory of oppression. New York: Routledge.
10. Finley, J., & Yoste, E. (2001). Fraternity party under investigation. The Daily Mississippian, November 8. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://www.thedmonline.com/home/index.cfm? event=displayArticle&ustory_id= a2c39f68-4dad-45cc-b29f-0ad05a4f0f6e).
11. Flagg, B. J. (1993). 'Was blind, but now I see': White race consciousness and the requirement of discriminatory intent. Michigan Law Review, 91, 953-1017.
12. Freud, S. (1960). Jokes and their relations to the unconscious. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
13. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
14. Gluckman, M. (1963). Order and rebellion in tribal Africa: Collected essays with an autobiographical introduction. London: Cohen and West.
15. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Anchor Books.
16. Grider, S. A. (1996). Conservatism and dynamism in the contemporary celebration of Halloween: Institutionalization, commercialization, gentrification. Southern Folklore, 53, 3-15.
17. Haney López, I. F. (1996). White by law: The legal construction of race. New York: New York University Press.
18. Houts, L. A. (2004). Backstage, Frontstage Interactions: Everyday Racial Events and White College Students. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
19. Hua, V. (2002). Bucktoothed Halloween mask bites the dust. The San Francisco Chronicle, October 17. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://sfgate.com/cgi- bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/10/17/BU168521.DTL).
20. Johnson, A. G. (1997). Power, privilege and difference. New York: McGraw Hill.
21. Lipscombe, C. (2002). Mixer incident proves offensive with 'black faces.' The Daily Beacon, October 25. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://dailybeacon.utk. edu/showarticleold.php?id=7781).
22. Litwicki, E. M. (2000). America's public holidays: 1865-1920. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
23. Loftland, J., & Loftland, L. H. (1995). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
24. The Macerich Company. (2005, September). Shopping in America Halloween 2005: Shopper survey analysis. Santa Monica, CA: August Partners, Inc.
25. MacKinnon, C. A. (1989). Toward a feminist theory of the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
26. Martin, K. A. (1998). Becoming a gendered body: Practices of preschools. American Sociological Review, 63, 494-511.
27. Matthews, C., & Test, J. (2002). Kappa Sigma slapped with suspension. The Daily Beacon, October 31. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://dailybeacon.utk. edu/showarticleold.php?id=7881).
28. McDowell, J. (1985). Halloween costuming among young adults in Bloomington, Indiana: A local exotic. Indiana Folklore and Oral History, 14, 1-18.
29. McKinney, K. D. (2000). Everyday whiteness: Discourse, story and identity. Ph.D.Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
30. Miller, J. M., & Tewksbury, R. (2001). Extreme methods: Innovative approaches to social science research. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
31. Miller, K. A., Jasper, C. R., & Hill, D. R. (1991). Costume and the perception of identity and role. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72, 807-813.
32. Miller, K. A., Jasper, C. R., & Hill, D. R. (1993). Dressing in costume and the use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs by college students. Adolescence, 28, 189-198.
33. Myers, K. A., & Williamson, P. (2001). Race talk: The perpetuation of racism through private discourse. Race and Society, 4, 3-26.
34. Nelson, A. (2000). The pink dragon is female: Halloween costumes and gender markers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 137-144.
35. Nelson, G. (2002a). Collection on blackface raises larger race issues. The Phoenix, November 14. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://www.sccs.swarthmore. edu/org/phoenix/2002/2002-11-14/news/12424.php).
36. Nelson, G. (2002b). Halloween incident spurs campus debate, controversy. The Phoenix, November 7. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/ org/phoenix/2002/2002-11-07/news/12410.php).
37. Ogletree, S. M., Denton, L., & Williams, S. W. (1993). Age and gender differences in children's Halloween costumes. The Journal of Psychology, 127, 633-637.
38. Petley, D. (2003). Racism alive and well on SU Hill. The Daily Orange, November 5. Retrieved June 1, 2005 (http://www.dailyorange.com/news/2003/11/05/ Opinion/Racism.Alive.And.Well.On.Su.Hill-548844.shtml).
39. Picca, L. H., & Feagin, J. R. (forthcoming, expected April 2007). Two-faced racism: Whites in the backstage and the frontstage. New York: Routledge.
40. Pilgrim, D. (2001). New racist forms: Jim Crow in the 21st century. Retrieved August 28, 2004 (http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/newforms/).
41. Redden, E. (2006). Racism rears its head. Inside Higher Ed, November 16. Retrieved November 17, 2006 (http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/11/16/ racism).
42. Rogers, N. (2002). Halloween: From pagan ritual to party night. New York: Oxford University Press.
43. Santino, P. (1994). Halloween and other festivals of death and life. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
44. Simpson, D. (2003). White La. judge draws fire for costume." The Associated Press, November 10, Dateline: New Orleans, Domestic News. Retrieved June 5,2005. Available: LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe, News Wires.
45. Skal, D. J. (2002). Death makes a holiday: A cultural history of Halloween. New York: Bloomsbury.
46. Stone, G. P. (1962). Appearance and the self. In A. M. Rose (Ed.), Human behavior and social processes: An interactionist approach (pp. 86-118). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
47. Unmasking hate at Halloween. (2002). Tolerance.org, October 24. Retrieved June 10, 2005 (http://www.tolerance.org/news/article_print.jsp?id=629).
48. Wellman, D. (1997). Minstrel shows, affirmative action talk and angry white men: Marking racial otherness in the 1990s. In R. Frankenberg (Ed.), Displacing whiteness: Essays in social and cultural criticism (pp. 311-331). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
49. Wilkinson, D. (1974). Racial socialization through children's toys: A sociohistorical examination. Journal of Black Studies, 5, 96-109.
50. Yinger, J. M. (1977). Presidential address: Countercultures and social change. American Sociological Review, 42, 833-853.