Dimples and drag: Experimental demonstration of the aerodynamics of golf balls

American Journal of Physics

Volumn 75, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 764-767

  Libii, Josué Njock ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY PURDUE UNIVERSITY FORT WAYNE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34548277442     PISSN: 00029505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1119/1.2673248     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. B. R. Munson, D. F. Young, and T. H. Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 5th ed. (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2006), pp. 518-535.
2. R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1984), pp. 328-342.
3. L. L. Ting, "Application of CFD technology analyzing the three-dimensional aerodynamic behavior of dimpled golf balls," in Proceedings of IMECE2002, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, New Orleans, LA (2002), pp. 725-733.
4. L. L. Ting, "Effects of dimple size and depth of golf ball on aerodynamic performance," in Proceedings of FEDSM'03 4th ASMEJSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, Honolulu, HI (2003), pp. 514-529.
5. G. Constantinescu and K. Squires, "Numerical investigations of flow over a sphere in subcritical and supercritical régimes," Phys. Fluids 16(5), 1449-1466 (2004).
6. J. Thilmany, "Let's See How It'll Fly," Mech. Eng. (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.) 125(1), 84-87 (2003).
7. J. Gorss, "Golf Balls," Chem. Eng. News 83(29), 34-35 (2005).
8. R. D. Cornelius, "Horizons golf balls-from cover to core," Plast. Eng. (Brookfield, Conn.) 61(4), 40-41 (2005).
9. T. Maxworthy, "Experiments on the flow around a sphere at high Reynolds numbers," J. Appl. Mech. 36, 598-612 (1969).
10. E. Achenbach, "Experiments on the flow past spheres at very high Reynolds numbers," J. Fluid Mech. 54, 565-577 (1972).
11. S. A. Aoyama, "Modern method for the measurement of aerodynamic lift and drag on golf balls," in Science and Golf, edited by A. J. Cochran (E&FN Spon, London, 1990), p. 199.
12. S. Aoyoma, Principles of Golf Ball Aerodynamics-History, Aerodynamic Basics, Common Myths, //www.titleist.com/htm/tech/aero-main.asp//(2001).
13. R. K. Adair, The Physics of Baseball, 2nd ed. (HarperPerennial, New York, 1994), pp. 1-25.
14. F. McDonald, "Why so few choose physics: An alternative explanation for the leaky pipe," Am. J. Phys. 73(7), 583-586 (2005).
15. G. C. Whittemore, "Why relatively few choose physics: a view from inside the pipeline," Am. J. Phys. 73(11), 997-998 (2005).
16. S. Goldstein, Modern Developments in Fluid Mechanics (Clarendon, Oxford, 1938), pp. 16-24.
17. Engineering Laboratory Design; http://www.eldtac.ecan/wind/index.htm// http://www.eldinc.com/cgi-bin/StandardWindTunnel.pl?id=6//
18. P. W. Bearman and J. K. Harvey, "Golf ball aerodynamics," Aeronaut. Q. 27, 112-122 (1976).
19. J. Choi, W.-P. Jeon and H. Choi, "Mechanism of drag reduction by dimples on a sphere," Phys. Fluids 18, 041702 (2006).
20. H. Schlichting, Boundary-Layer Theory, 7th ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979), pp. 415-438.
21. http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0215.shtml//
22. http://www.probablegolfinstruction.com/science/golf_ball_flight.htm//
23. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_ball#Aerodynamics//
24. J. M. Davies, "The Aerodynamics of Golf Balls," J. Appl. Phys. 20(9), 821-828 (1949).
25. L. A. Bloomfield, How Things Work-The Physics of Everyday Life (Wiley, New York, 1997), pp. 182-191.
26. T. E. Faber, Fluid Dynamics for Physicists (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1995), pp. 256-262.
27. G. K. Batchelor, An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1967), pp. 331-343.
28. D. Williams, "Drag force on a golf ball in flight and its practical significance," Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. XII, 387-402 (1959).
29. T. P. Jorgensen, The Physics of Golf (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), pp. 61-72.
30. B. B. Lieberman, "Estimating lift and drag coefficients from golf balls trajectories," in Science and Golf, edited by A. J. Cochran (E&FN SPON, London, 1990), p. 187.
31. Y. Nakayama et al., "Flow visualization around golf balls," in Flow Visualization IV, edited by C. Veret (Hemisphere, Washington, 1987), p. 142.
32. P. Moin and J. Kim, "Tackling turbulence with supercomputers," Sci. Am. 276(1), 62-68 (1997).
33. R. W. Fox, A. T. McDonald, and P. J. Pritehard, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 6th ed. (Wiley, New York, 2004), pp. 433-447.
34. S.-J. Liao, "An analytic approximation of the drag coefficient for the viscous flow past a sphere," Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 37(1), 1-18 (2002).
35. Y. D. Afanasyev and C. G. Deacon, "Investigating vortex streets behind real and virtual bluff bodies," Am. J. Phys. 74(3), 236-239 (2006).