Religiousness, spiritual seeking, and personality: Findings from a longitudinal study

Journal of Personality

Volumn 75, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1051-1070

  Wink, Paul ^a   Ciciolla, Lucia ^a   Dillon, Michele ^b   Tracy, Allison ^a  

^a WELLESLEY COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGING; ARTICLE; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CONSCIOUSNESS; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIGION; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADULT; AGING; CALIFORNIA; CONSCIOUSNESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; QUESTIONNAIRES; RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL VALUES; SPIRITUALITY;

EID: 34548261960     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: 14676494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00466.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
2. Argue, A., Johnson, D. R. White, L. K. (1999). Age and religiosity: Evidence from a three-wave panel analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38, 423 435.
3. Argyle, M. (2000). Psychology and religion. New York : Routledge.
4. Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P. A. Ventis, L. W. (1993). Religion and the individual. New York : Oxford University Press.
5. Block, J. (1971). Lives through time. Berkeley, CA : Bancroft.
6. Block, J. (1989). Prototypes for the California Adult Q-set. Unpublished manuscript. University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology.
7. Clausen, J. A. (1993). American lives: Looking back at the children of the Great Depression. Berkeley : University of California Press.
8. Costa, P. T. Jr. McCrae, R. R. (1995). Primary traits of Eysenck's P-E-N system: Three- and five-factor solutions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 308 317.
9. Dillon, M. Wink, P. (2007). In the course of a lifetime: Tracing religious belief, practice, and change. Berkeley : University of California Press.
10. Dillon, M., Wink, P. Fay, K. (2003). Is spirituality detrimental to generativity? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42, 427 442.
11. Eichorn, D. (1981). Procedures and sample. In D. Eichorn, J. Clausen, N. Haan, M. Honzik P. Mussen (Eds.), Present and past in middle age (pp. 31 51). New York : Academic Press.
12. Eysenck, M. W. (1998). Personality and the psychology of religion. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 1, 11 19.
13. Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429 456.
14. Francis, L. J., Lewis, J. M., Brown, L. B., Philipchalk, R. Lester, D. (1995). Personality and religion among undergraduate students in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Canada. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 14, 250 262.
15. Fuller, R. C. (2001). Spiritual, but not religious. New York : Oxford University Press.
16. Hood, R. W. Jr. (1975). The construction and preliminary validation of a measure of reported mystical experience. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14, 29 41.
17. Hout, M. Fischer, C. (2002). Explaining the rise of Americans with no religious preferences: Politics and generations. American Sociological Review, 67, 165 190.
18. Jay, M. John, O. P. (2004). A depressive symptom scale for the California Psychological Inventory: Construct validation of the CPI-D. Psychological Assessment, 16, 299 309.
19. Koenig, H., McCullough, M. Larson, D. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. New York : Oxford University Press.
20. Koenig, H. G., Siegler, I. C., Meador, K. G. George, L. K. (1990). Religious coping and personality in later life. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 5, 123 131.
21. Kosek, R. B. (1999). Adaptation of the Big Five as a hermeneutic instrument for religious constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 229 237.
22. Leak, G. K. Fish, S. B. (1999). Development and initial validation of a measure of religious maturity. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 9, 83 103.
23. Lewis, C. A. Maltby, J. (1995). Religiosity and personality among U.S. adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 293 295.
24. Little, R. J. Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data (2nd ed.). New York : John Wiley & Sons.
25. MacDonald, D. A. (2000). Spirituality: Description, measurement, and relation to the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 68, 153 197.
26. Maltby, J. (1999). Religious orientation and Eysenck's personality dimensions: The use of the amended religious orientation scale to examine the relationship between religiosity, psychoticism, neuroticism and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 79 84.
27. McCullough, M. E., Enders, C. K. Brion, S. L. (2005). The varieties of religious development in adulthood: A longitudinal investigation of religion and rational choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 78 89.
28. McCullough, M. E. Polak, E. L. (2007). Change and stability during the third age. In J. James P. Wink (Eds.), The crown of life: Dynamics of the early postretirement period (pp. 175 192). New York : Springer Publishing Co.
29. McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J. Brion, S. (2003). Personality traits in adolescence as predictors of religiousness in early adulthood: Findings from the Terman longitudinal study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 980 991.
30. McCrae, R. R. Costa, P. T. Jr. (1999). Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 825 847). San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
31. McCrae, R. R. Costa, P. T. Jr. (2003). Personality in adulthood: A five-factor perspective. New York : Guilford Press.
32. McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T. Jr. Busch, C. M. (1986). Evaluating comprehensiveness in personality systems: The California Q-set and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 54, 430 446.
33. Muthén, L. K. Muthén, B. O. (1998-2006). Mplus user's guide (4th ed.). Los Angeles : Author.
34. Pargament, K. (1999). The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes and no. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 9, 3 16.
35. Pavalko, E. K., Elder, G. H. Clipp, E. C. (1993). Worklives and longevity: Insights from a course perspective. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 34, 363 380.
36. Peterson, B. E. Klohnen, E. C. (1995). Realization of generativity in two samples of women at midlife. Psychology and Aging, 10, 20 29.
37. Piedmont, R. L. (1999a). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 67, 985 1013.
38. Piedmont, R. L. (1999b). Strategies for using the five-factor model of personality in religious research. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27, 338 350.
39. Plante, T. G. Sherman, A. C. (Eds) 2001). Faith and health: Psychological perspectives. New York : Guilford Press.
40. Roberts, B. W. DelVecchio, W. (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 3 25.
41. Roof, W. C. (1999). Spiritual marketplace: Baby boomers and the remaking of American religion. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.
42. Saroglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 15 25.
43. Saroglou, V. Fiasse, L. (2003). Birth order, personality, and religion: A study among young adults from a three-sibling family. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 19 29.
44. Smith, D. L. (1996). Private prayer, pubic worship and personality among 11-15-year-old adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 1063 1065.
45. Stark, R. (2002). Physiology and faith: Addressing the "universal" gender difference in religious commitment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 495 507.
46. Taylor, A. MacDonald, D. A. (1999). Religion and the five factor model of personality: An exploratory investigation using a Canadian university sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 1243 1259.
47. Weber, M. (1976). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. London : Allen and Unwin. (Work originally published in 1904-05).
48. Wink, P. Dillon, M. (2002). Spiritual development across the adult life course: Finding from a longitudinal study. Journal of Adult Development, 9, 79 94.
49. Wink, P. Dillon, M. (2003). Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychology & Aging, 18, 916 924.
50. Wink, P., Dillon, M. Fay, K. (2005). Spiritual seeking, narcissism, and psychotherapy: How are they related? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44, 143 158.
51. Wuthnow, R. (1998). After heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s. Berkeley : University of California Press.